Judges — Chapter 5

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1Then sang Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam on that day, saying,

2Praise ye the LORD for the avenging of Israel, when the people willingly offered themselves.

3Hear, O ye kings; give ear, O ye princes; I, even I, will sing unto the LORD; I will sing praise to the LORD God of Israel.

4LORD, when thou wentest out of Seir, when thou marchedst out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled, and the heavens dropped, the clouds also dropped water.

5The mountains melted from before the LORD, even that Sinai from before the LORD God of Israel.

6In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, and the travelers walked through byways.

7The inhabitants of the villages ceased, they ceased in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel.

8They chose new gods; then was war in the gates: was there a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel?

9My heart is toward the governors of Israel, that offered themselves willingly among the people. Bless ye the LORD.

10Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way.

11They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, even the righteous acts toward the inhabitants of his villages in Israel: then shall the people of the LORD go down to the gates.

12Awake, awake, Deborah: awake, awake, utter a song: arise, Barak, and lead thy captivity captive, thou son of Abinoam.

13Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over the nobles among the people: the LORD made me have dominion over the mighty.

14Out of Ephraim was there a root of them against Amalek; after thee, Benjamin, among thy people; out of Machir came down governors, and out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer.

15And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah; even Issachar, and also Barak: he was sent on foot into the valley. For the divisions of Reuben there were great thoughts of heart.

16Why abodest thou among the sheepfolds, to hear the bleatings of the flocks? For the divisions of Reuben there were great searchings of heart.

17Gilead abode beyond Jordan: and why did Dan remain in ships? Asher continued on the sea shore, and abode in his breaches.

18Zebulun and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives unto the death in the high places of the field.

19The kings came and fought, then fought the kings of Canaan in Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no gain of money.

20They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.

21The river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. O my soul, thou hast trodden down strength.

22Then were the horsehoofs broken by the means of the pransings, the pransings of their mighty ones.

23Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of the LORD, curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof; because they came not to the help of the LORD, to the help of the LORD against the mighty.

24Blessed above women shall Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite be, blessed shall she be above women in the tent.

25He asked water, and she gave him milk; she brought forth butter in a lordly dish.

26She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples.

27At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay down: at her feet he bowed, he fell: where he bowed, there he fell down dead.

28The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots?

29Her wise ladies answered her, yea, she returned answer to herself,

30Have they not sped? have they not divided the prey; to every man a damsel or two; to Sisera a prey of divers colours, a prey of divers colours of needlework, of divers colours of needlework on both sides, meet for the necks of them that take the spoil?

31So let all thine enemies perish, O LORD: but let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And the land had rest forty years.

1Then sang Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam on that day, saying,

2For that the leaders took the lead in Israel, For that the people offered themselves willingly, Bless ye Jehovah.

3Hear, O ye kings; give ear, O ye princes; I, [even] I, will sing unto Jehovah; I will sing praise to Jehovah, the God of Israel.

4Jehovah, when thou wentest forth out of Seir, When thou marchedst out of the field of Edom, The earth trembled, the heavens also dropped, Yea, the clouds dropped water.

5The mountains quaked at the presence of Jehovah, Even yon Sinai at the presence of Jehovah, the God of Israel.

6In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, In the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, And the travellers walked through byways.

7The rulers ceased in Israel, they ceased, Until that I Deborah arose, That I arose a mother in Israel.

8They chose new gods; Then was war in the gates: Was there a shield or spear seen Among forty thousand in Israel?

9My heart is toward the governors of Israel, That offered themselves willingly among the people: Bless ye Jehovah.

10Tell [of it], ye that ride on white asses, Ye that sit on rich carpets, And ye that walk by the way.

11Far from the noise of archers, in the places of drawing water, There shall they rehearse the righteous acts of Jehovah, [Even] the righteous acts of his rule in Israel. Then the people of Jehovah went down to the gates.

12Awake, awake, Deborah; Awake, awake, utter a song: Arise, Barak, and lead away thy captives, thou son of Abinoam.

13Then came down a remnant of the nobles [and] the people; Jehovah came down for me against the mighty.

14Out of Ephraim [came down] they whose root is in Amalek; After thee, Benjamin, among thy peoples; Out of Machir came down governors, And out of Zebulun they that handle the marshal`s staff.

15And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah; As was Issachar, so was Barak; Into the valley they rushed forth at his feet. By the watercourses of Reuben There were great resolves of heart.

16Why sattest thou among the sheepfolds, To hear the pipings for the flocks? At the watercourses of Reuben There were great searchings of heart.

17Gilead abode beyond the Jordan: And Dan, why did he remain in ships? Asher sat still at the haven of the sea, And abode by his creeks.

18Zebulun was a people that jeoparded their lives unto the death, And Naphtali, upon the high places of the field.

19The kings came and fought; Then fought the kings of Canaan. In Taanach by the waters of Megiddo: They took no gain of money.

20From heaven fought the stars, From their courses they fought against Sisera.

21The river Kishon swept them away, That ancient river, the river Kishon. O my soul, march on with strength.

22Then did the horsehoofs stamp By reason of the prancings, the prancings of their strong ones.

23Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of Jehovah. Curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, Because they came not to the help of Jehovah, To the help of Jehovah against the mighty.

24Blessed above women shall Jael be, The wife of Heber the Kenite; Blessed shall she be above women in the tent.

25He asked water, [and] she gave him milk; She brought him butter in a lordly dish.

26She put her hand to the tent-pin, And her right hand to the workmen`s hammer; And with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote through his head; Yea, she pierced and struck through his temples.

27At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay; At her feet he bowed, he fell; Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.

28Through the window she looked forth, and cried, The mother of Sisera [cried] through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why tarry the wheels of his chariots?

29Her wise ladies answered her, Yea, she returned answer to herself,

30Have they not found, have they not divided the spoil? A damsel, two damsels to every man; To Sisera a spoil of dyed garments, A spoil of dyed garments embroidered, Of dyed garments embroidered on both sides, on the necks of the spoil?

31So let all thine enemies perish, O Jehovah: But let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And the land had rest forty years.

1On that day Deborah and Barak son of Abinoam sang this victory song:

2“When the leaders took the lead in Israel, When the people answered the call to war— Praise the Lord!

3Hear, O kings! Pay attention, O rulers! I will sing to the Lord! I will sing to the Lord God of Israel!

4“O Lord, when you departed from Seir, when you marched from Edom’s plains, the earth shook, the heavens poured down, the clouds poured down rain.

5The mountains trembled before the Lord, the God of Sinai; before the Lord God of Israel.

6“In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared; travelers had to go on winding side roads.

7Warriors were scarce; they were scarce in Israel, until you arose, Deborah, until you arose as a motherly protector in Israel.

8God chose new leaders, then fighters appeared in the city gates; but, I swear, not a shield or spear could be found among 40 military units in Israel.

9My heart went out to Israel’s leaders, to the people who answered the call to war. Praise the Lord!

10“You who ride on light-colored female donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, you who walk on the road, pay attention!

11Hear the sound of those who divide the sheep among the watering places; there they tell of the Lord’s victorious deeds, the victorious deeds of his warriors in Israel. Then the Lord’s people went down to the city gates—

12“Wake up, wake up, Deborah! Wake up, wake up, sing a song! Get up, Barak! Capture your prisoners of war, son of Abinoam!

13Then the survivors came down to the mighty ones; the Lord’s people came down to me as warriors.

14They came from Ephraim, who uprooted Amalek; they follow after you, Benjamin, with your soldiers. From Makir leaders came down, from Zebulun came the ones who march carrying an officer’s staff.

15Issachar’s leaders were with Deborah; the men of Issachar supported Barak; into the valley they were sent under Barak’s command. Among the clans of Reuben there was intense heart searching.

16Why do you remain among the sheepfolds, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? As for the clans of Reuben—there was intense searching of heart.

17Gilead stayed put beyond the Jordan River. As for Dan—why did he seek temporary employment in the shipyards? Asher remained on the seacoast; he stayed by his harbors.

18The men of Zebulun were not concerned about their lives; Naphtali charged onto the battlefields.

19“Kings came, they fought; the kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo, but they took no silver as plunder.

20From the sky the stars fought, from their paths in the heavens they fought against Sisera.

21The Kishon River carried them off; the river confronted them—the Kishon River. Step on the necks of the strong!

22“The horses’ hooves pounded the ground; the stallions galloped madly.

23‘Call judgment down on Meroz,’ says the angel of the Lord; ‘Be sure to call judgment down on those who live there, because they did not come to help in the Lord’s battle, to help in the Lord’s battle against the warriors.’

24“The most rewarded of women should be Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite! She should be the most rewarded of women who live in tents.

25He asked for water, and she gave him milk; in a bowl fit for a king, she served him curds.

26Her left hand reached for the tent peg, her right hand for the workmen’s hammer. She ‘hammered’ Sisera, she shattered his skull, she smashed his head, she drove the tent peg through his temple.

27Between her feet he collapsed, he fell limp and was lifeless; between her feet he collapsed and fell, in the spot where he collapsed, there he fell—violently killed!

28“Through the window she looked; Sisera’s mother cried out through the lattice: ‘Why is his chariot so slow to return? Why are the hoofbeats of his chariot horses delayed?’

29The wisest of her ladies answer; indeed she even thinks to herself,

30‘No doubt they are gathering and dividing the plunder— a girl or two for each man to rape! Sisera is grabbing up colorful cloth, he is grabbing up colorful embroidered cloth, two pieces of colorful embroidered cloth, for the neck of the plunderer!’

31“May all your enemies perish like this, O Lord! But may those who love you shine like the rising sun at its brightest.” And the land had rest for forty years.

1Then Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam sang on that day, saying,

2“Because the leaders took the lead in Israel, because the people offered themselves willingly, be blessed, Yahweh!

3“Hear, you kings! Give ear, you princes! I, even I, will sing to Yahweh. I will sing praise to Yahweh, the God of Israel.

4“Yahweh, when you went out of Seir, when you marched out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled, the sky also dropped. Yes, the clouds dropped water.

5The mountains quaked Yahweh’s presence, even Sinai at the presence of Yahweh, the God of Israel.

6“In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied. The travelers walked through byways.

7The rulers ceased in Israel. They ceased until I, Deborah, arose; Until I arose a mother in Israel.

8They chose new gods. Then war was in the gates. Was there a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel?

9My heart is toward the governors of Israel, who offered themselves willingly among the people. Bless Yahweh!

10“Speak, you who ride on white donkeys, you who sit on rich carpets, and you who walk by the way.

11Far from the noise of archers, in the places of drawing water, there they will rehearse Yahweh’s righteous acts, the righteous acts of his rule in Israel. “Then Yahweh’s people went down to the gates.

12‘Awake, awake, Deborah! Awake, awake, utter a song! Arise, Barak, and lead away your captives, you son of Abinoam.’

13“Then a remnant of the nobles and the people came down. Yahweh came down for me against the mighty.

14Those whose root is in Amalek came out of Ephraim, after you, Benjamin, among your peoples. Governors come down out of Machir. Those who handle the marshal’s staff came out of Zebulun.

15The princes of Issachar were with Deborah. As was Issachar, so was Barak. They rushed into the valley at his feet. By the watercourses of Reuben, there were great resolves of heart.

16Why did you sit among the sheepfolds? To hear the whistling for the flocks? At the watercourses of Reuben, there were great searchings of heart.

17Gilead lived beyond the Jordan. Why did Dan remain in ships? Asher sat still at the haven of the sea, and lived by his creeks.

18Zebulun was a people that jeopardized their lives to the death; Naphtali also, on the high places of the field.

19“The kings came and fought, then the kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo. They took no plunder of silver.

20From the sky the stars fought. From their courses, they fought against Sisera.

21The river Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. My soul, march on with strength.

22Then the horse hoofs stamped because of the prancing, the prancing of their strong ones.

23‘Curse Meroz,’ said Yahweh’s angel. ‘Curse bitterly its inhabitants, because they didn’t come to help Yahweh, to help Yahweh against the mighty.’

24“Jael shall be blessed above women, the wife of Heber the Kenite; blessed shall she be above women in the tent.

25He asked for water. She gave him milk. She brought him butter in a lordly dish.

26She put her hand to the tent peg, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer. With the hammer she struck Sisera. She struck through his head. Yes, she pierced and struck through his temples.

27At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay. At her feet he bowed, he fell. Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.

28“Through the window she looked out, and cried: Sisera’s mother looked through the lattice. ‘Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why do the wheels of his chariots wait?’

29Her wise ladies answered her, Yes, she returned answer to herself,

30‘Have they not found, have they not divided the plunder? A lady, two ladies to every man; to Sisera a plunder of dyed garments, a plunder of dyed garments embroidered, of dyed garments embroidered on both sides, on the necks of the plunder?’

31“So let all your enemies perish, Yahweh, but let those who love him be as the sun when it rises in its strength.” Then the land had rest forty years.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Deborah and Barak sing a victory song celebrating God's triumph over Sisera and praising those tribes who fought. The song ends with Sisera's mother peering through the window, waiting in vain for her son's return.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel. Judges covers approximately 350 years (1380-1050 BC) between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy. Hebrew title: 'Shophetim' — 'Judges' (deliverers/ rulers raised by God). The book records Israel's repeated cycle: sin → oppression → crying out → deliverance → rest → sin again. The refrain: 'In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes' (17:6, 21:25). The book demonstrates humanity's need for a righteous king — ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 5 is the Song of Deborah — one of the oldest and most celebrated poems in the Hebrew Bible. It is a victory hymn celebrating the defeat of Sisera and the Canaanite army, composed by Deborah and Barak on the day of victory. The song is considered by scholars to be among the most ancient Hebrew poetry preserved in Scripture, possibly composed within hours of the battle itself. It provides details not found in the prose account of Chapter 4: the cosmic dimension of the battle ("the stars in their courses fought against Sisera," v.20), the flooding of the Kishon that swept away the chariots (v.21), the roll call of tribes who fought and those who refused (vv.14-18), the curse on Meroz for not helping (v.23), and the poignant scene of Sisera's mother waiting for a son who will never return (vv.28-30). The song moves from praise to God (vv.2-5), to the desperate conditions before deliverance (vv.6-8), to the battle itself (vv.19-22), to Jael's heroism (vv.24-27), to the enemy's grief (vv.28-30), and concludes with a prayer for God's enemies to perish and His friends to shine like the sun (v.31).
Praise to the Warrior God (vv.1-5): The song opens with praise for leaders who led and people who volunteered (v.2). God is addressed as the Divine Warrior who marches from Seir/Edom (v.4) — recalling His appearance at Sinai. When God moves, "the earth trembled, and the heavens dropped... the mountains melted" (vv.4-5). This theophanic language connects the Kishon victory to the Exodus and Sinai — the same God who delivered from Egypt delivers now.
The Desperate Conditions (vv.6-8): Before Deborah arose, "the highways were unoccupied" — travel was too dangerous (v.6). Villages were abandoned (v.7). Israel had chosen "new gods" and war came to their gates (v.8). They were disarmed: "was there a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel?" (v.8). The situation was hopeless by human standards.
The Tribal Roll Call (vv.14-18): The song praises tribes who fought: Ephraim, Benjamin, Machir (Manasseh), Zebulun, Issachar, Naphtali (vv.14-15,18). It rebukes tribes who refused: Reuben deliberated but stayed with his flocks (vv.15-16), Gilead (Gad) stayed beyond Jordan, Dan stayed with ships, Asher remained on the coast (v.17). Zebulun and Naphtali receive highest praise: they "jeoparded their lives unto the death" (v.18).
The Battle — Cosmic and Earthly (vv.19-22): The kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by Megiddo's waters — "they took no gain of money" (v.19) — they gained nothing. "They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera" (v.20). The cosmos itself opposed Sisera — God marshaled creation against His enemies. "The river of Kishon swept them away" (v.21) — a flash flood turned the river into a weapon, bogging down chariots and drowning soldiers.
Jael Celebrated (vv.24-27): "Blessed above women shall Jael... be" (v.24). The poetic account is more graphic than the prose: "she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples" (v.26). The threefold repetition — "at her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay down" (v.27) — emphasizes the totality of his defeat and the completeness of her victory.
Sisera's Mother (vv.28-30): A haunting scene: Sisera's mother peers through the lattice, wondering why her son's chariot delays. Her ladies comfort her with imagined spoils — "to every man a damsel or two" (v.30). The dramatic irony is devastating: while she imagines victory, her son lies dead at a woman's feet. The Hebrew word for "damsel" (racham) literally means "womb" — reducing women to objects. The song contrasts this with Jael and Deborah — women as agents, not objects.

Map & Geography

  • The Song of Deborah describes the battle geography: Mount Tabor, the Kishon River (which flooded and swept away Sisera's chariots), and the plain of Megiddo
  • Tribes praised for responding: Ephraim, Benjamin, Machir (Manasseh), Zebulun, Issachar, Naphtali
  • Tribes rebuked for not coming: Reuben (beyond Jordan), Dan (stayed with ships), Asher (on the coast)

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the antiquity and literary power of this song. He notes the contrast between tribes who risked everything (Zebulun, Naphtali) and those who stayed home (Reuben, Dan, Asher). The curse on Meroz shows that neutrality in God's battles is not an option.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'The stars in their courses fought against Sisera.' When God fights, all creation is His army. The stars in their orbits, the rivers in their channels, the storms in their fury — all serve His purposes. What folly to fight against the God who commands the universe! And what comfort to know that when He is for us, even the stars fight on our behalf."

Reflection

  • 1. Willing participation in God's work (v.2). The song praises those who "willingly offered themselves." God's victories require human participation — not because God needs us but because He honors us by including us. The question is: am I willing? Do I volunteer for God's work or wait to be drafted?
  • 2. The curse of neutrality (v.23). Meroz is cursed not for fighting against God but for refusing to fight FOR God. In spiritual warfare, there is no neutral ground. Those who sit out God's battles are not innocent — they are complicit in the enemy's cause. "He that is not with me is against me" (Matthew 12:30).
  • 3. All creation serves God's purposes (v.20). Stars, rivers, storms — all fight for God's people when God commands. If the Creator is on your side, all creation is on your side. Romans 8:28 — all things work together for good for those who love God.
  • 4. The contrast of two mothers (vv.7,28). Deborah — "a mother in Israel" who leads her people to victory. Sisera's mother — who waits in vain for a son destroyed by his own arrogance. One mother rises in faith; the other is left in grief. The choices of leaders affect not only themselves but those who love them.
  • 5. "Let them that love him be as the sun" (v.31). The song ends with a vision: those who love God shine with increasing brightness, like the sun rising to full strength. Faithfulness leads to radiance. The trajectory of the righteous is upward — from glory to glory (2 Corinthians 3:18).