Judges — Chapter 8

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1And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus, that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with the Midianites? And they did chide with him sharply.

2And he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you? Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abi-ezer?

3God hath delivered into your hands the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison of you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that.

4And Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three hundred men that were with him, faint, yet pursuing them.

5And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread unto the people that follow me; for they be faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian.

6And the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thine army?

7And Gideon said, Therefore when the LORD hath delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into mine hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.

8And he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise: and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered him.

9And he spake also unto the men of Penuel, saying, When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.

10Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the hosts of the children of the east: for there fell an hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword.

11And Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and smote the host: for the host was secure.

12And when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them, and took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host.

13And Gideon the son of Joash returned from battle before the sun was up,

14And caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and enquired of him: and he described unto him the princes of Succoth, and the elders thereof, even threescore and seventeen men.

15And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, with whom ye did upbraid me, saying, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thy men that are weary?

16And he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth.

17And he beat down the tower of Penuel, and slew the men of the city.

18Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor? And they answered, As thou art, so were they; each one resembled the children of a king.

19And he said, They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother: as the LORD liveth, if ye had saved them alive, I would not slay you.

20And he said unto Jether his firstborn, Up, and slay them. But the youth drew not his sword: for he feared, because he was yet a youth.

21Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, Rise thou, and fall upon us: for as the man is, so is his strength. And Gideon arose, and slew Zebah and Zalmunna, and took away the ornaments that were on their camels’ necks.

22Then the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son’s son also: for thou hast delivered us from the hand of Midian.

23And Gideon said unto them, I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you: the LORD shall rule over you.

24And Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you, that ye would give me every man the earrings of his prey. (For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.)

25And they answered, We will willingly give them. And they spread a garment, and did cast therein every man the earrings of his prey.

26And the weight of the golden earrings that he requested was a thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold; beside ornaments, and collars, and purple raiment that was on the kings of Midian, and beside the chains that were about their camels’ necks.

27And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in Ophrah: and all Israel went thither a whoring after it: which thing became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house.

28Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel, so that they lifted up their heads no more. And the country was in quietness forty years in the days of Gideon.

29And Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and dwelt in his own house.

30And Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten: for he had many wives.

31And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech.

32And Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abi-ezrites.

33And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the children of Israel turned again, and went a whoring after Baalim, and made Baal-berith their god.

34And the children of Israel remembered not the LORD their God, who had delivered them out of the hands of all their enemies on every side:

35Neither shewed they kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, namely, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shewed unto Israel.

1And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus, that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with Midian? And they did chide with him sharply.

2And he said unto them, What have I now done in comparison with you? Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer?

3God hath delivered into your hand the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison with you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that.

4And Gideon came to the Jordan, [and] passed over, he, and the three hundred men that were with him, faint, yet pursuing.

5And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread unto the people that follow me; for they are faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.

6And the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thy hand, that we should give bread unto thine army?

7And Gideon said, Therefore when Jehovah hath delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.

8And he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them in like manner; and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered.

9And he spake also unto the men of Penuel, saying, When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.

10Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the host of the children of the east; for there fell a hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword.

11And Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and smote the host; for the host was secure.

12And Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued after them; and he took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host.

13And Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle from the ascent of Heres.

14And he caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and inquired of him: and he described for him the princes of Succoth, and the elders thereof, seventy and seven men.

15And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, concerning whom ye did taunt me, saying, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thy hand, that we should give bread unto thy men that are weary?

16And he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth.

17And he brake down the tower of Penuel, and slew the men of the city.

18Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor? And they answered, As thou art, so were they; each one resembled the children of a king.

19And he said, They were my brethren, the sons of my mother: as Jehovah liveth, if ye had saved them alive, I would not slay you.

20And he said unto Jether his first-born, Up, and slay them. But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth.

21Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, Rise thou, and fall upon us; for as the man is, so is his strength. And Gideon arose, and slew Zebah and Zalmunna, and took the crescents that were on their camels` necks.

22Then the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son`s son also; for thou hast saved us out of the hand of Midian.

23And Gideon said unto them, I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you: Jehovah shall rule over you.

24And Gideon said unto them, I would make a request of you, that ye would give me every man the ear-rings of his spoil. (For they had golden ear-rings, because they were Ishmaelites.)

25And they answered, We will willingly give them. And they spread a garment, and did cast therein every man the ear-rings of his spoil.

26And the weight of the golden ear-rings that he requested was a thousand and seven hundred [shekels] of gold, besides the crescents, and the pendants, and the purple raiment that was on the kings of Midian, and besides the chains that were about their camels` necks.

27And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in Ophrah: and all Israel played the harlot after it there; and it became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house.

28So Midian was subdued before the children of Israel, and they lifted up their heads no more. And the land had rest forty years in the days of Gideon.

29And Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and dwelt in his own house.

30And Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten; for he had many wives.

31And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, and he called his name Abimelech.

32And Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

33And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the children of Israel turned again, and played the harlot after the Baalim, and made Baal-berith their god.

34And the children of Israel remembered not Jehovah their God, who had delivered them out of the hand of all their enemies on every side;

35neither showed they kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, [who is] Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had showed unto Israel.

1The Ephraimites said to him, “Why have you done such a thing to us? You did not summon us when you went to fight the Midianites!” They argued vehemently with him.

2He said to them, “Now what have I accomplished compared to you? Even Ephraim’s leftover grapes are better quality than Abiezer’s harvest!

3It was to you that God handed over the Midianite generals, Oreb and Zeeb! What did I accomplish to rival that?” When he said this, they calmed down.

4Now Gideon and his 300 men had crossed over the Jordan River, and even though they were exhausted, they were still chasing the Midianites.

5He said to the men of Sukkoth, “Give some loaves of bread to the men who are following me because they are exhausted. I am chasing Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.”

6The officials of Sukkoth said, “You have not yet overpowered Zebah and Zalmunna. So why should we give bread to your army?”

7Gideon said, “Since you will not help, after the Lord hands Zebah and Zalmunna over to me, I will thresh your skin with desert thorns and briers.”

8He went up from there to Penuel and made the same request. The men of Penuel responded the same way the men of Sukkoth had.

9He also threatened the men of Penuel, warning, “When I return victoriously, I will tear down this tower.”

10Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor with their armies. There were about 15,000 survivors from the army of the eastern peoples; 120,000 sword-wielding soldiers had been killed.

11Gideon went up the road of the nomads east of Nobah and Jogbehah and ambushed the surprised army.

12When Zebah and Zalmunna ran away, Gideon chased them and captured the two Midianite kings, Zebah and Zalmunna. He had surprised their entire army.

13Gideon son of Joash returned from the battle by the pass of Heres.

14He captured a young man from Sukkoth and interrogated him. The young man wrote down for him the names of Sukkoth’s officials and city leaders—77 men in all.

15He approached the men of Sukkoth and said, “Look what I have! Zebah and Zalmunna! You insulted me, saying, ‘You have not yet overpowered Zebah and Zalmunna. So why should we give bread to your exhausted men?’”

16He seized the leaders of the city, along with some desert thorns and briers; he then “threshed” the men of Sukkoth with them.

17He also tore down the tower of Penuel and executed the city’s men.

18He said to Zebah and Zalmunna, “Describe for me the men you killed at Tabor.” They said, “They were like you. Each one looked like a king’s son.”

19He said, “They were my brothers, the sons of my mother. I swear, as surely as the Lord is alive, if you had let them live, I would not kill you.”

20He ordered Jether his firstborn son, “Come on! Kill them!” But Jether was too afraid to draw his sword because he was still young.

21Zebah and Zalmunna said to Gideon, “Come on, you strike us, for a man is judged by his strength.” So Gideon killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and he took the crescent-shaped ornaments that were on the necks of their camels.

22The men of Israel said to Gideon, “Rule over us—you, your son, and your grandson. For you have delivered us from Midian’s power.”

23Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, nor will my son rule over you. The Lord will rule over you.”

24Gideon continued, “I would like to make one request. Each of you give me an earring from the plunder you have taken.” (The Midianites had gold earrings because they were Ishmaelites.)

25They said, “We are happy to give you earrings.” So they spread out a garment, and each one threw an earring from his plunder onto it.

26The total weight of the gold earrings he requested came to 1,700 gold shekels. This was in addition to the crescent-shaped ornaments, jewelry, purple clothing worn by the Midianite kings, and the necklaces on the camels.

27Gideon used all this to make an ephod, which he put in his hometown of Ophrah. All the Israelites prostituted themselves to it by worshiping it there. It became a snare to Gideon and his family.

28The Israelites humiliated Midian; the Midianites’ fighting spirit was broken. The land had rest for 40 years during Gideon’s time.

29Then Jerub Baal son of Joash went home and settled down.

30Gideon fathered 70 sons through his many wives.

31His concubine, who lived in Shechem, also gave him a son, whom he named Abimelech.

32Gideon son of Joash died at a very old age and was buried in the tomb of his father Joash located in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

33After Gideon died, the Israelites again prostituted themselves to the Baals. They made Baal Berith their god.

34The Israelites did not remain true to the Lord their God, who had delivered them from all the enemies who lived around them.

35They did not treat the family of Jerub Baal (that is, Gideon) fairly in return for all the good he had done for Israel.

1The men of Ephraim said to him, “Why have you treated us this way, that you didn’t call us when you went to fight with Midian?” They rebuked him sharply.

2He said to them, “What have I now done in comparison with you? Isn’t the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer?

3God has delivered into your hand the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb! What was I able to do in comparison with you?” Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that.

4Gideon came to the Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three hundred men who were with him, faint, yet pursuing.

5He said to the men of Succoth, “Please give loaves of bread to the people who follow me; for they are faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.”

6The princes of Succoth said, “Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we should give bread to your army?”

7Gideon said, “Therefore when Yahweh has delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.”

8He went up there to Penuel, and spoke to them in the same way; and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered.

9He spoke also to the men of Penuel, saying, “When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.”

10Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their armies with them, about fifteen thousand men, all who were left of all the army of the children of the east; for there fell one hundred twenty thousand men who drew sword.

11Gideon went up by the way of those who lived in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and struck the army; for the army was secure.

12Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued them. He took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and confused all the army.

13Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle from the ascent of Heres.

14He caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and inquired of him: and he described for him the princes of Succoth, and its elders, seventy-seven men.

15He came to the men of Succoth, and said, “See Zebah and Zalmunna, concerning whom you taunted me, saying, ‘Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we should give bread to your men who are weary?’”

16He took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth.

17He broke down the tower of Penuel, and killed the men of the city.

18Then he said to Zebah and Zalmunna, “What kind of men were they whom you killed at Tabor?” They answered, “They were like you. Each one resembled the children of a king.”

19He said, “They were my brothers, the sons of my mother. As Yahweh lives, if you had saved them alive, I would not kill you.”

20He said to Jether his firstborn, “Get up, and kill them!” But the youth didn’t draw his sword; for he was afraid, because he was yet a youth.

21Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, “Rise and fall on us; for as the man is, so is his strength.” Gideon arose, and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and took the crescents that were on their camels’ necks.

22Then the men of Israel said to Gideon, “Rule over us, both you, and your son, and your son’s son also; for you have saved us out of the hand of Midian.”

23Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you. Yahweh shall rule over you.”

24Gideon said to them, “I do have a request, that you would each give me the earrings of his plunder.” (For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.)

25They answered, “We will willingly give them.” They spread a garment, and every man threw the earrings of his plunder into it.

26The weight of the golden earrings that he requested was one thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold, besides the crescents, and the pendants, and the purple clothing that was on the kings of Midian, and besides the chains that were about their camels’ necks.

27Gideon made an ephod out of it, and put it in Ophrah, his city. Then all Israel played the prostitute with it there; and it became a snare to Gideon, and to his house.

28So Midian was subdued before the children of Israel, and they lifted up their heads no more. The land had rest forty years in the days of Gideon.

29Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and lived in his own house.

30Gideon had seventy sons conceived from his body, for he had many wives.

31His concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, and he named him Abimelech.

32Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the tomb of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

33As soon as Gideon was dead, the children of Israel turned again, and played the prostitute following the Baals, and made Baal Berith their god.

34The children of Israel didn’t remember Yahweh their God, who had delivered them out of the hand of all their enemies on every side;

35neither did they show kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, that is, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shown to Israel.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Gideon pursues and captures the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna, punishing the towns that refused to help. He declines the offer of kingship but makes a golden ephod that becomes a snare of idolatry for Israel.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel. Judges covers approximately 350 years (1380-1050 BC) between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy. Hebrew title: 'Shophetim' — 'Judges' (deliverers/ rulers raised by God). The book records Israel's repeated cycle: sin → oppression → crying out → deliverance → rest → sin again. The refrain: 'In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes' (17:6, 21:25). The book demonstrates humanity's need for a righteous king — ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 8 concludes the Gideon narrative with a complex portrait of a flawed hero. The chapter records: Ephraim's complaint and Gideon's diplomatic response (vv.1-3), the pursuit of the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna (vv.4-12), Gideon's punishment of Succoth and Penuel for refusing aid (vv.13-17), the execution of the Midianite kings (vv.18-21), Gideon's noble refusal of kingship (vv.22-23), and his tragic creation of a golden ephod that becomes an idol (vv.24-27). The chapter reveals the complexity of the judges: Gideon rightly refuses the crown ("the LORD shall rule over you") but then lives like a king (many wives, 70 sons, a concubine in Shechem). He refuses the title but assumes the lifestyle. His ephod — perhaps intended as a memorial — becomes "a snare unto Gideon, and to his house" (v.27). The chapter ends with Gideon's death and Israel's immediate return to Baal worship (vv.33-35).
Ephraim's Complaint (vv.1-3): Ephraim — the dominant tribe — is angry that Gideon did not call them to the initial battle (v.1). Gideon's response is masterful diplomacy: "Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abi-ezer?" (v.2). Translation: your minor role (capturing Oreb and Zeeb) was greater than my major role. Flattery defuses the conflict (v.3). Compare this with Jephthah's handling of the same tribe in 12:1-6 — very different outcome.
Faint Yet Pursuing (vv.4-12): Gideon and his 300 cross the Jordan, "faint, yet pursuing" (v.4) — exhausted but relentless. He requests bread from Succoth and Penuel — Israelite cities east of Jordan — but both refuse, fearing Midianite retaliation (vv.5-9). Gideon promises retribution and continues the pursuit. He finds the remaining 15,000 Midianites at Karkor (v.10) — all that remain of 135,000 (120,000 already fallen, v.10). He attacks and captures the kings Zebah and Zalmunna (v.12).
Punishment of Succoth and Penuel (vv.13-17): Gideon returns and fulfills his threats: he "teaches" Succoth's elders with thorns and briers (v.16) and breaks down Penuel's tower, killing the men (v.17). This punishment is severe — these were Israelite cities that refused to support God's deliverer. Their neutrality was treated as treason.
The Kings' Execution (vv.18-21): Gideon reveals a personal motive: Zebah and Zalmunna had killed his brothers at Tabor (v.18-19). He offers his firstborn son Jether the honor of executing them, but the youth is afraid (v.20). The kings taunt: "as the man is, so is his strength" — asking for a warrior's death (v.21). Gideon kills them himself.
Refusal of Kingship (vv.22-23): Israel offers Gideon dynastic rule: "Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son's son" (v.22). Gideon's response is theologically perfect: "I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you: the LORD shall rule over you" (v.23). This is the correct answer — God is Israel's king. Yet Gideon's subsequent behavior contradicts his words.
The Ephod — A Snare (vv.24-27): Gideon requests gold earrings from the spoil — 1,700 shekels (approximately 43 pounds of gold) (v.26). He makes "an ephod" and places it in Ophrah (v.27). The ephod was a priestly garment used for divine inquiry — but Gideon was not a priest, and Ophrah was not the tabernacle. "All Israel went thither a whoring after it: which thing became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house" (v.27). Good intentions do not sanctify unauthorized worship.
Gideon's Later Life and Death (vv.28-35): Forty years of rest (v.28). Gideon has 70 sons and many wives — living like a king despite refusing the title (v.30). His concubine in Shechem bears Abimelech — whose name means "my father is king" (v.31). After Gideon's death, Israel immediately returns to Baal worship and shows no loyalty to Gideon's family (vv.33-35).

Map & Geography

  • Pursuit of Midian: Eastward across the Jordan into Transjordan — through Succoth and Penuel (in Gad's territory)
  • Karkor: Far east in the desert where Gideon catches the fleeing Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna
  • Ophrah: Where Gideon returns, makes the golden ephod, and is buried — his hometown in Manasseh

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes the tragic irony: Gideon refuses the crown but lives like a king. He refuses the title but assumes the privileges. The ephod parallels the golden calf — gold from spoil fashioned into an object of false worship. Gideon's story shows that even great faith can end in compromise.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'The LORD shall rule over you' — noble words from Gideon's lips! But then he made an ephod of gold and set it up in his city. He refused the crown but kept the gold. He rejected the title but assumed the power. How many of us say the right things while doing the wrong things! Our theology is sound but our practice is corrupt. Gideon's mouth honored God while his hands built an idol."

Reflection

  • 1. "Faint, yet pursuing" (v.4). The Christian life is often this: weary but not quitting, exhausted but still obedient. Faithfulness is not the absence of fatigue — it is perseverance despite fatigue. When you are faint, keep pursuing. God honors endurance.
  • 2. Words without matching actions (vv.23,27). Gideon says "the LORD shall rule" but then makes an ephod that rivals God's prescribed worship. He refuses the crown but lives like a king. Our theology must match our practice. It is possible to say all the right things while doing all the wrong things.
  • 3. Good intentions can produce idols (v.27). Gideon likely meant the ephod as a memorial or means of worship — but it became "a snare." Sincerity does not sanctify unauthorized worship. God prescribes HOW He is to be worshipped, not just THAT He is to be worshipped. Good motives with wrong methods produce idolatry.
  • 4. The danger of the aftermath (vv.30-31). Gideon's greatest failures come after his greatest victory. Many wives, a concubine, a son named "my father is king." Success is more dangerous than struggle. In battle, Gideon depended on God; in peace, he depended on himself.
  • 5. Forgetfulness leads to apostasy (vv.33-34). "As soon as Gideon was dead" — immediately. They forgot God and forgot Gideon. Memory is the foundation of faithfulness. When we forget what God has done, we inevitably turn to other gods. This is why Scripture commands remembrance (Deuteronomy 6:12; 1 Corinthians 11:24-25).