Judges — Chapter 7

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1Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people that were with him, rose up early, and pitched beside the well of Harod: so that the host of the Midianites were on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.

2And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people that are with thee are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hands, lest Israel vaunt themselves against me, saying, Mine own hand hath saved me.

3Now therefore go to, proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, Whosoever is fearful and afraid, let him return and depart early from mount Gilead. And there returned of the people twenty and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand.

4And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people are yet too many; bring them down unto the water, and I will try them for thee there: and it shall be, that of whom I say unto thee, This shall go with thee, the same shall go with thee; and of whomsoever I say unto thee, This shall not go with thee, the same shall not go.

5So he brought down the people unto the water: and the LORD said unto Gideon, Every one that lappeth of the water with his tongue, as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that boweth down upon his knees to drink.

6And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, were three hundred men: but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water.

7And the LORD said unto Gideon, By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thine hand: and let all the other people go every man unto his place.

8So the people took victuals in their hand, and their trumpets: and he sent all the rest of Israel every man unto his tent, and retained those three hundred men: and the host of Midian was beneath him in the valley.

9And it came to pass the same night, that the LORD said unto him, Arise, get thee down unto the host; for I have delivered it into thine hand.

10But if thou fear to go down, go thou with Phurah thy servant down to the host:

11And thou shalt hear what they say; and afterward shall thine hands be strengthened to go down unto the host. Then went he down with Phurah his servant unto the outside of the armed men that were in the host.

12And the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like grasshoppers for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand by the sea side for multitude.

13And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man that told a dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a tent, and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay along.

14And his fellow answered and said, This is nothing else save the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel: for into his hand hath God delivered Midian, and all the host.

15And it was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the interpretation thereof, that he worshipped, and returned into the host of Israel, and said, Arise; for the LORD hath delivered into your hand the host of Midian.

16And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put a trumpet in every man’s hand, with empty pitchers, and lamps within the pitchers.

17And he said unto them, Look on me, and do likewise: and, behold, when I come to the outside of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so shall ye do.

18When I blow with a trumpet, I and all that are with me, then blow ye the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and say, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon.

19So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the outside of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch; and they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers that were in their hands.

20And the three companies blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers, and held the lamps in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands to blow withal: and they cried, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon.

21And they stood every man in his place round about the camp: and all the host ran, and cried, and fled.

22And the three hundred blew the trumpets, and the LORD set every man’s sword against his fellow, even throughout all the host: and the host fled to Beth-shittah in Zererath, and to the border of Abel-meholah, unto Tabbath.

23And the men of Israel gathered themselves together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after the Midianites.

24And Gideon sent messengers throughout all mount Ephraim, saying, Come down against the Midianites, and take before them the waters unto Beth-barah and Jordan. Then all the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and took the waters unto Beth-barah and Jordan.

25And they took two princes of the Midianites, Oreb and Zeeb; and they slew Oreb upon the rock Oreb, and Zeeb they slew at the winepress of Zeeb, and pursued Midian, and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon on the other side Jordan.

1Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people that were with him, rose up early, and encamped beside the spring of Harod: and the camp of Midian was on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.

2And Jehovah said unto Gideon, The people that are with thee are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hand, lest Israel vaunt themselves against me, saying, Mine own hand hath saved me.

3Now therefore proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, Whosoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart from mount Gilead. And there returned of the people twenty and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand.

4And Jehovah said unto Gideon, The people are yet too many; bring them down unto the water, and I will try them for thee there: and it shall be, that of whom I say unto thee, This shall go with thee, the same shall go with thee; and of whomsoever I say unto thee, This shall not go with thee, the same shall not go.

5So he brought down the people unto the water: and Jehovah said unto Gideon, Every one that lappeth of the water with his tongue, as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that boweth down upon his knees to drink.

6And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men: but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water.

7And Jehovah said unto Gideon, By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thy hand; and let all the people go every man unto his place.

8So the people took victuals in their hand, and their trumpets; and he sent all the men of Israel every man unto his tent, but retained the three hundred men: and the camp of Midian was beneath him in the valley.

9And it came to pass the same night, that Jehovah said unto him, Arise, get thee down into the camp; for I have delivered it into thy hand.

10But if thou fear to go down, go thou with Purah thy servant down to the camp:

11and thou shalt hear what they say; and afterward shall thy hands be strengthened to go down into the camp. Then went he down with Purah his servant unto the outermost part of the armed men that were in the camp.

12And the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand which is upon the sea-shore for multitude.

13And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man telling a dream unto his fellow; and he said, Behold, I dreamed a dream; and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian, and came unto the tent, and smote it so that it fell, and turned it upside down, so that the tent lay flat.

14And his fellow answered and said, This is nothing else save the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel: into his hand God hath delivered Midian, and all the host.

15And it was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the interpretation thereof, that he worshipped; and he returned into the camp of Israel, and said, Arise; for Jehovah hath delivered into your hand the host of Midian.

16And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all of them trumpets, and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers.

17And he said unto them, Look on me, and do likewise: and, behold, when I come to the outermost part of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so shall ye do.

18When I blow the trumpet, I and all that are with me, then blow ye the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and say, For Jehovah and for Gideon.

19So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the outermost part of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch, when they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and brake in pieces the pitchers that were in their hands.

20And the three companies blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers, and held the torches in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands wherewith to blow; and they cried, The sword of Jehovah and of Gideon.

21And they stood every man in his place round about the camp; and all the host ran; and they shouted, and put [them] to flight.

22And they blew the three hundred trumpets, and Jehovah set every man`s sword against his fellow, and against all the host; and the host fled as far as Beth-shittah toward Zererah, as far as the border of Abel-meholah, by Tabbath.

23And the men of Israel were gathered together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after Midian.

24And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying, Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth-barah, even the Jordan. So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth-barah, even the Jordan.

25And they took the two princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb; and they slew Oreb at the rock of Oreb, and Zeeb they slew at the winepress of Zeeb, and pursued Midian: and they brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon beyond the Jordan.

1Jerub Baal (that is, Gideon) and his men got up the next morning and camped near the spring of Harod. The Midianites were camped north of them near the hill of Moreh in the valley.

2The Lord said to Gideon, “You have too many men for me to hand Midian over to you. Israel might brag, ‘Our own strength has delivered us.’

3Now, announce to the men, ‘Whoever is shaking with fear may turn around and leave Mount Gilead.’” Twenty-two thousand men went home; 10,000 remained.

4The Lord spoke to Gideon again, “There are still too many men. Bring them down to the water, and I will thin the ranks some more. When I say, ‘This one should go with you,’ pick him to go; when I say, ‘This one should not go with you,’ do not take him.”

5So he brought the men down to the water. Then the Lord said to Gideon, “Separate those who lap the water as a dog laps from those who kneel to drink.”

6Only 300 men lapped with their hands to their mouths; the rest of the men kneeled to drink water.

7The Lord said to Gideon, “With the 300 men who lapped I will deliver the whole army, and I will hand Midian over to you. The rest of the men should go home.”

8The men who were chosen took supplies and their trumpets. Gideon sent all the men of Israel back to their homes; he kept only 300 men. Now the Midianites were camped down below in the valley.

9That night the Lord said to Gideon, “Get up! Attack the camp, for I am handing it over to you.

10But if you are afraid to attack, go down to the camp with Purah your servant

11and listen to what they are saying. Then you will be brave and attack the camp.” So he went down with Purah his servant to where the sentries were guarding the camp.

12Now the Midianites, Amalekites, and the people from the east covered the valley like a swarm of locusts. Their camels could not be counted; they were as innumerable as the sand on the seashore.

13When Gideon arrived, he heard a man telling another man about a dream he had. The man said, “Look! I had a dream. I saw a stale cake of barley bread rolling into the Midianite camp. It hit a tent so hard it knocked it over and turned it upside down. The tent just collapsed.”

14The other man said, “Without a doubt this symbolizes the sword of Gideon son of Joash, the Israelite. God is handing Midian and all the army over to him.”

15When Gideon heard the report of the dream and its interpretation, he praised God. Then he went back to the Israelite camp and said, “Get up, for the Lord is handing the Midianite army over to you!”

16He divided the 300 men into three units. He gave them all trumpets and empty jars with torches inside them.

17He said to them, “Watch me and do as I do. Watch closely! I am going to the edge of the camp. Do as I do!

18When I and all who are with me blow our trumpets, you also blow your trumpets all around the camp. Then say, ‘For the Lord and for Gideon!’”

19Gideon took 100 men to the edge of the camp at the beginning of the middle watch, just after they had changed the guards. They blew their trumpets and broke the jars they were carrying.

20All three units blew their trumpets and broke their jars. They held the torches in their left hand and the trumpets in their right. Then they yelled, “A sword for the Lord and for Gideon!”

21They stood in order all around the camp. The whole Midianite army ran away; they shouted as they scrambled away.

22When the 300 men blew their trumpets, the Lord caused the Midianites to attack one another with their swords throughout the camp. The army fled to Beth Shittah on the way to Zererah. They went to the border of Abel Meholah near Tabbath.

23Israelites from Naphtali, Asher, and Manasseh answered the call and chased the Midianites.

24Now Gideon sent messengers throughout the Ephraimite hill country who announced, “Go down and head off the Midianites. Take control of the fords of the streams all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River.” When all the Ephraimites had assembled, they took control of the fords all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River.

25They captured the two Midianite generals, Oreb and Zeeb. They executed Oreb on the rock of Oreb and Zeeb in the winepress of Zeeb. They chased the Midianites and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon, who was now on the other side of the Jordan River.

1Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people who were with him, rose up early, and encamped beside the spring of Harod. Midian’s camp was on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.

2Yahweh said to Gideon, “The people who are with you are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hand, lest Israel brag against me, saying, ‘My own hand has saved me.’

3Now therefore proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, ‘Whoever is fearful and trembling, let him return and depart from Mount Gilead.’” So twenty-two thousand of the people returned, and ten thousand remained.

4Yahweh said to Gideon, “There are still too many people. Bring them down to the water, and I will test them for you there. It shall be, that those whom I tell you, ‘This shall go with you,’ the same shall go with you; and whoever I tell you, ‘This shall not go with you,’ the same shall not go.”

5So he brought down the people to the water; and Yahweh said to Gideon, “Everyone who laps of the water with his tongue, like a dog laps, you shall set him by himself; likewise everyone who bows down on his knees to drink.”

6The number of those who lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down on their knees to drink water.

7Yahweh said to Gideon, “By the three hundred men who lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into your hand. Let all the other people go, each to his own place.”

8So the people took food in their hand, and their trumpets; and he sent all the men of Israel every man to his tent, but retained the three hundred men; and the camp of Midian was beneath him in the valley.

9That same night, Yahweh said to him, “Arise, go down into the camp; for I have delivered it into your hand.

10But if you are afraid to go down, go with Purah your servant down to the camp.

11You will hear what they say; and afterward your hands will be strengthened to go down into the camp.” Then went he down with Purah his servant to the outermost part of the armed men who were in the camp.

12The Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand which is on the seashore for multitude.

13When Gideon had come, behold, there was a man telling a dream to his fellow. He said, “Behold, I dreamed a dream; and behold, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian, and came to the tent, and struck it so that it fell, and turned it upside down, so that the tent lay flat.”

14His fellow answered, “This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel. God has delivered Midian into his hand, with all the army.”

15It was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and its interpretation, that he worshiped. Then he returned into the camp of Israel, and said, “Arise; for Yahweh has delivered the army of Midian into your hand!”

16He divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all them trumpets, and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers.

17He said to them, “Watch me, and do likewise. Behold, when I come to the outermost part of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so you shall do.

18When I blow the trumpet, I and all who are with me, then blow the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and shout, ‘For Yahweh and for Gideon!’”

19So Gideon, and the hundred men who were with him, came to the outermost part of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch, when they had but newly set the watch. Then they blew the trumpets, and broke in pieces the pitchers that were in their hands.

20The three companies blew the trumpets, broke the pitchers, and held the torches in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands with which to blow; and they shouted, “The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon!”

21They each stood in his place around the camp; and all the army ran; and they shouted, and put them to flight.

22They blew the three hundred trumpets, and Yahweh set every man’s sword against his fellow, and against all the army; and the army fled as far as Beth Shittah toward Zererah, as far as the border of Abel Meholah, by Tabbath.

23The men of Israel were gathered together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued Midian.

24Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill country of Ephraim, saying, “Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan!” So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan.

25They took the two princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb. They killed Oreb at Oreb’s rock, and Zeeb they killed at Zeeb’s wine press; and pursued Midian. Then they brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon beyond the Jordan.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God reduces Gideon's army from 32,000 to 300 men so Israel cannot boast in its own strength. With torches, jars, and trumpets, the 300 rout the Midianite camp as God turns the enemy's swords against each other.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel. Judges covers approximately 350 years (1380-1050 BC) between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy. Hebrew title: 'Shophetim' — 'Judges' (deliverers/ rulers raised by God). The book records Israel's repeated cycle: sin → oppression → crying out → deliverance → rest → sin again. The refrain: 'In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes' (17:6, 21:25). The book demonstrates humanity's need for a righteous king — ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 7 contains one of the most famous military narratives in Scripture — Gideon's 300. God deliberately reduces Gideon's army from 32,000 to 300 so that Israel cannot claim the victory as their own. The reduction happens in two stages: first, 22,000 fearful men are sent home (v.3); then, at the water test, only 300 who lap water from their hands are retained (vv.5-7). The remaining 300 attack the vast Midianite camp at night with torches, trumpets, and empty jars — no conventional weapons. The result: God causes the Midianites to turn their swords on each other in panic (v.22), and the entire host flees. This chapter is the supreme Old Testament illustration of 2 Corinthians 4:7: "We have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us." The jars (earthen vessels) are broken to reveal the light within — a picture of God's power displayed through human weakness.
The Reduction — Too Many (vv.1-8): God's stunning declaration: "The people that are with thee are too many" (v.2). Not too few — too many! God's concern: "lest Israel vaunt themselves against me, saying, Mine own hand hath saved me" (v.2). God will not share His glory with human strength. First reduction: anyone fearful may leave — 22,000 depart, leaving 10,000 (v.3). Still too many (v.4). Second reduction: the water test. Those who lap water from their hands (remaining alert, heads up) = 300. Those who kneel to drink (vulnerable, heads down) = 9,700 sent home (vv.5-7). God will save with 300 against an army "like grasshoppers for multitude" (v.12). The ratio is approximately 450 to 1.
God's Encouragement — The Dream (vv.9-15): God knows Gideon still fears. He offers another sign: "if thou fear to go down, go... and thou shalt hear what they say" (vv.10-11). Gideon overhears a Midianite soldier recounting a dream: a barley cake tumbles into camp and flattens a tent (v.13). His companion interprets: "This is nothing else save the sword of Gideon... God hath delivered Midian" (v.14). Even the enemy knows God has decided the battle. Gideon's response: he worships (v.15). Faith is strengthened by hearing what God has already done in the enemy's camp.
The Attack — Torches, Trumpets, Jars (vv.16-22): Gideon divides 300 men into three companies (v.16). Each man carries a trumpet, an empty jar (pitcher), and a torch inside the jar (v.16). At the beginning of the middle watch (approximately 10 PM), they surround the camp (v.19). On signal: they blow trumpets, smash jars (revealing the torches), and shout "The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon!" (v.20). They stand in place — they do not attack with weapons (v.21). The result: "the LORD set every man's sword against his fellow" (v.22). The Midianites destroy themselves in panic. The host flees.
The Pursuit (vv.23-25): Israel's other tribes join the pursuit (v.23). Ephraim captures the fords of Jordan (v.24). Two Midianite princes — Oreb ("raven") and Zeeb ("wolf") — are captured and killed (v.25). Their heads are brought to Gideon.

Map & Geography

  • Spring of Harod: Gideon's camp at the foot of Mount Gilboa — where the army is reduced from 32,000 to 300
  • Hill of Moreh: Across the valley where the Midianite camp stretches through the Jezreel Valley
  • The battle: Gideon's 300 surround the camp at night; the Midianites flee eastward toward the Jordan fords

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that the water test was not about the superiority of the lappers — it was simply God's chosen method of selection. The point is not the quality of the 300 but the power of God working through inadequate means. He connects the broken jars to 2 Corinthians 4:7 — treasure in earthen vessels.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Three hundred men with trumpets and pitchers — and God routed an army! The pitchers had to be broken before the light could shine. So it is with us: the earthen vessel must be broken before the glory of God can blaze forth. Our weakness, our brokenness, our insufficiency — these are not obstacles to God's power but the very conditions for its display. God does not need your strength. He needs your emptiness."

Reflection

  • 1. God reduces to reveal (v.2). God's math is opposite to ours: He subtracts to multiply His glory. When we have too much — too much strength, too many resources, too much self-sufficiency — God cannot be seen. He strips away until only He remains as the explanation for victory. What is God reducing in my life so that His power can be displayed?
  • 2. Broken vessels reveal hidden light (v.16). The jars had to be broken for the torches to shine. Our brokenness is not a hindrance to God's work — it is the prerequisite. "We have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God" (2 Corinthians 4:7). God's light shines brightest through cracked pots.
  • 3. The battle cry puts God first (v.18). "The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon" — not "Gideon and the LORD." God is primary; we are secondary. The victory belongs to Him; we are privileged participants. When we reverse the order — putting our name before God's — we steal glory that belongs to Him alone.
  • 4. God causes the enemy to self-destruct (v.22). Israel's 300 never drew a sword — God turned the Midianites against each other. Sometimes our role is simply to stand, shine, and shout — and let God do the fighting. "The battle is the LORD's" (1 Samuel 17:47).
  • 5. Even the enemy testifies to God's plan (v.14). The Midianite soldier interprets the dream correctly: "God hath delivered Midian." When God has decided a matter, even His enemies know it. If God is for us, who can be against us? (Romans 8:31).