Judges — Chapter 14

Loading ESV text...

1And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines.

2And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines: now therefore get her for me to wife.

3Then his father and his mother said unto him, Is there never a woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well.

4But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel.

5Then went Samson down, and his father and his mother, to Timnath, and came to the vineyards of Timnath: and, behold, a young lion roared against him.

6And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done.

7And he went down, and talked with the woman; and she pleased Samson well.

8And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion.

9And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion.

10So his father went down unto the woman: and Samson made there a feast; for so used the young men to do.

11And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they brought thirty companions to be with him.

12And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets and thirty change of garments:

13But if ye cannot declare it me, then shall ye give me thirty sheets and thirty change of garments. And they said unto him, Put forth thy riddle, that we may hear it.

14And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle.

15And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they said unto Samson’s wife, Entice thy husband, that he may declare unto us the riddle, lest we burn thee and thy father’s house with fire: have ye called us to take that we have? is it not so?

16And Samson’s wife wept before him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my father nor my mother, and shall I tell it thee?

17And she wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she lay sore upon him: and she told the riddle to the children of her people.

18And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.

19And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them which expounded the riddle. And his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father’s house.

20But Samson’s wife was given to his companion, whom he had used as his friend.

1And Samson went down to Timnah, and saw a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines.

2And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines: now therefore get her for me to wife.

3Then his father and his mother said unto him, Is there never a woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well.

4But his father and his mother knew not that it was of Jehovah; for he sought an occasion against the Philistines. Now at that time the Philistines had rule over Israel.

5Then went Samson down, and his father and his mother, to Timnah, and came to the vineyards of Timnah: and, behold, a young lion roared against him.

6And the Spirit of Jehovah came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid; and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done.

7And he went down, and talked with the woman, and she pleased Samson well.

8And after a while he returned to take her; and he turned aside to see the carcass of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees in the body of the lion, and honey.

9And he took it into his hands, and went on, eating as he went; and he came to his father and mother, and gave unto them, and they did eat: but he told them not that he had taken the honey out of the body of the lion.

10And his father went down unto the woman: and Samson made there a feast; for so used the young men to do.

11And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they brought thirty companions to be with him.

12And Samson said unto them, Let me now put forth a riddle unto you: if ye can declare it unto me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty changes of raiment;

13but if ye cannot declare it unto me, then shall ye give me thirty linen garments and thirty changes of raiment. And they said unto him, Put forth thy riddle, that we may hear it.

14And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth food, And out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days declare the riddle.

15And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they said unto Samson`s wife, Entice thy husband, that he may declare unto us the riddle, lest we burn thee and thy father`s house with fire: have ye called us to impoverish us? is it not [so]?

16And Samson`s wife wept before him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my father nor my mother, and shall I tell thee?

17And she wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she pressed him sore; and she told the riddle to the children of her people.

18And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, Ye had not found out my riddle.

19And the Spirit of Jehovah came mightily upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and smote thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave the changes [of raiment] unto them that declared the riddle. And his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father`s house.

20But Samson`s wife was [given] to his companion, whom he had used as his friend.

1Samson went down to Timnah, where a Philistine girl caught his eye.

2When he got home, he told his father and mother, “A Philistine girl in Timnah has caught my eye. Now get her for my wife.”

3But his father and mother said to him, “Certainly you can find a wife among your relatives or among all our people! You should not have to go and get a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines.” But Samson said to his father, “Get her for me because she is the right one for me.”

4Now his father and mother did not realize this was the Lord’s doing because he was looking for an opportunity to stir up trouble with the Philistines (for at that time the Philistines were ruling Israel).

5Samson went down to Timnah. When he approached the vineyards of Timnah, he saw a roaring young lion attacking him.

6The Lord’s Spirit empowered him, and he tore the lion in two with his bare hands as easily as one would tear a young goat. But he did not tell his father or mother what he had done.

7Samson continued on down to Timnah and spoke to the girl. In his opinion, she was just the right one.

8Sometime later, when he went back to marry her, he turned aside to see the lion’s remains. He saw a swarm of bees in the lion’s carcass, as well as some honey.

9He scooped it up with his hands and ate it as he walked along. When he returned to his father and mother, he offered them some and they ate it. But he did not tell them he had scooped the honey out of the lion’s carcass.

10Then Samson’s father accompanied him to Timnah for the marriage. Samson hosted a party there, for this was customary for bridegrooms to do.

11When the Philistines saw he had no attendants, they gave him 30 groomsmen who kept him company.

12Samson said to them, “I will give you a riddle. If you really can solve it during the seven days the party lasts, I will give you 30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes.

13But if you cannot solve it, you will give me 30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes.” They said to him, “Let us hear your riddle.”

14He said to them, “Out of the one who eats came something to eat; out of the strong one came something sweet.”They could not solve the riddle for three days.

15On the fourth day they said to Samson’s bride, “Trick your husband into giving the solution to the riddle. If you refuse, we will burn up you and your father’s family. Did you invite us here to make us poor?”

16So Samson’s bride cried on his shoulder and said, “You must hate me; you do not love me! You told the young men a riddle, but you have not told me the solution.” He said to her, “Look, I have not even told my father or mother. Do you really expect me to tell you?”

17She cried on his shoulder until the party was almost over. Finally, on the seventh day, he told her because she had nagged him so much. Then she told the young men the solution to the riddle.

18On the seventh day, before the sun set, the men of the city said to him, “What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?”He said to them, “If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle!”

19The Lord’s Spirit empowered him. He went down to Ashkelon and killed 30 men. He took their clothes and gave them to the men who had solved the riddle. He was furious as he went back home.

20Samson’s bride was then given to his best man.

1Samson went down to Timnah, and saw a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines.

2He came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, “I have seen a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines. Now therefore get her for me as my wife.”

3Then his father and his mother said to him, “Isn’t there a woman among your brothers’ daughters, or among all my people, that you go to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines?” Samson said to his father, “Get her for me, for she pleases me well.”

4But his father and his mother didn’t know that it was of Yahweh; for he sought an occasion against the Philistines. Now at that time the Philistines ruled over Israel.

5Then went Samson down with his father and his mother to Timnah, and came to the vineyards of Timnah; and behold, a young lion roared against him.

6Yahweh’s Spirit came mightily on him, and he tore him as he would have torn a young goat; and he had nothing in his hand, but he didn’t tell his father or his mother what he had done.

7He went down, and talked with the woman, and she pleased Samson well.

8After a while he returned to take her; and he went over to see the carcass of the lion; and behold, there was a swarm of bees in the body of the lion, and honey.

9He took it into his hands, and went on, eating as he went. He came to his father and mother, and gave to them, and they ate, but he didn’t tell them that he had taken the honey out of the lion’s body.

10His father went down to the woman; and Samson made a feast there, for the young men used to do so.

11When they saw him, they brought thirty companions to be with him.

12Samson said to them, “Let me tell you a riddle now. If you can declare it to me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothing;

13but if you can’t declare it to me, then you shall give me thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothing.” They said to him, “Tell us your riddle, that we may hear it.”

14He said to them, “Out of the eater came out food. Out of the strong came out sweetness.” They couldn’t in three days declare the riddle.

15On the seventh day, they said to Samson’s wife, “Entice your husband, that he may declare to us the riddle, lest we burn you and your father’s house with fire. Have you called us to impoverish us? Isn’t that so?”

16Samson’s wife wept before him, and said, “You just hate me, and don’t love me. You’ve told a riddle to the children of my people, and haven’t told it to me.” He said to her, “Behold, I haven’t told my father or my mother, so why should I tell you?”

17She wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted; and on the seventh day, he told her, because she pressed him severely; and she told the riddle to the children of her people.

18The men of the city said to him on the seventh day before the sun went down, “What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?” He said to them, “If you hadn’t plowed with my heifer, you wouldn’t have found out my riddle.”

19Yahweh’s Spirit came mightily on him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and struck thirty men of them, and took their plunder, then gave the changes of clothing to those who declared the riddle. His anger burned, and he went up to his father’s house.

20But Samson’s wife was given to his companion who had been his friend.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Samson demands a Philistine wife, kills a lion with his bare hands, and poses a riddle at his wedding feast. When his wife reveals the answer to the Philistines, Samson kills thirty men in Ashkelon and abandons his bride in rage.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel. Judges covers approximately 350 years (1380-1050 BC) between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy. Hebrew title: 'Shophetim' — 'Judges' (deliverers/ rulers raised by God). The book records Israel's repeated cycle: sin → oppression → crying out → deliverance → rest → sin again. The refrain: 'In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes' (17:6, 21:25). The book demonstrates humanity's need for a righteous king — ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 14 begins Samson's adult narrative with his desire for a Philistine wife from Timnah. The chapter introduces the central tension of Samson's life: supernatural strength paired with moral weakness, divine calling compromised by fleshly desire. Samson's demand for a Philistine wife violates God's prohibition against intermarriage (Deuteronomy 7:3) — yet the narrator reveals that "it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines" (v.4). God sovereignly uses even Samson's sinful desires to accomplish His purposes. The chapter records the lion encounter (vv.5-9), the wedding feast and riddle (vv.10-18), and the Spirit-empowered slaying of thirty Philistines at Ashkelon (v.19). Throughout, Samson's pattern emerges: he sees, he desires, he takes — driven by appetite rather than calling.
Samson's Philistine Wife (vv.1-4): Samson "saw a woman" (v.1) — his downfall always begins with his eyes. He demands his parents get her: "she pleaseth me well" (v.3) — literally "she is right in my eyes." This phrase echoes the book's refrain about everyone doing what is "right in his own eyes" (17:6; 21:25). His parents object: "Is there never a woman among... thy brethren?" (v.3). But the narrator provides divine perspective: "it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines" (v.4). God's sovereignty works through human choices — even sinful ones — without excusing the sin.
The Lion and the Honey (vv.5-9): En route to Timnah, a young lion attacks Samson. "The Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid" (v.6) — bare-handed. He tells no one (v.6). Later, returning, he finds bees and honey in the lion's carcass (v.8). He eats the honey and gives some to his parents without revealing its source (v.9). Note: touching a dead carcass violates the Nazirite vow (Numbers 6:6). Samson's Nazirite violations begin here — casually, secretly, progressively.
The Riddle (vv.10-18): At the wedding feast (seven days), Samson poses a riddle to thirty Philistine companions: "Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness" (v.14). The wager: thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothes. Unable to solve it, the Philistines threaten Samson's wife with death by fire (v.15). She weeps and pressures Samson for seven days until he tells her (v.17). She betrays the answer. The Philistines answer: "What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion?" (v.18). Samson knows he was betrayed: "If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle" (v.18).
Spirit-Empowered Vengeance (vv.19-20): The Spirit comes upon Samson; he goes to Ashkelon (20+ miles away), kills thirty Philistines, takes their garments to pay the wager (v.19). He returns to his father's house in anger. His wife is given to his best man (v.20) — setting up the conflict of chapter 15.

Map & Geography

  • Timnah: A Philistine-controlled town about 4 miles southwest of Zorah — Samson goes down from the highlands to take a wife
  • The vineyards of Timnah: Where Samson encounters and kills the lion on his journey
  • The geography emphasizes the boundary: Samson moves between Israelite hills (Zorah) and Philistine lowlands (Timnah)

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes the tension between God's sovereignty (v.4) and Samson's sin. God uses Samson's lust to create occasions against the Philistines, but this does not justify the lust. He also notes Samson's progressive Nazirite violations: touching the dead carcass is the first crack.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'Out of the eater came forth meat.' This is God's way — He brings sweetness from the strong, life from death, blessing from curse. The lion that would devour becomes the source of honey. So Christ conquered death and from its carcass brings forth the sweetness of eternal life. Every trial overcome becomes a source of nourishment for the soul."

Reflection

  • 1. "She is right in my eyes" (v.3). Samson's life is governed by sight and desire — not by God's word. He sees, he wants, he takes. This is the pattern of the flesh: "the lust of the eyes" (1 John 2:16). What governs my decisions — God's word or my desires?
  • 2. God's sovereignty does not excuse our sin (v.4). God used Samson's lust to create conflict with the Philistines — but this does not make the lust righteous. God can work through our failures without approving them. His sovereignty is not our license.
  • 3. Small compromises lead to great falls (v.9). Touching the carcass seems minor — but it is the first Nazirite violation. Sin is progressive: each small compromise makes the next one easier. Samson's path to Delilah's lap begins with honey from a dead lion.
  • 4. The Spirit's power does not guarantee moral victory (v.6,19). The Spirit empowers Samson to kill lions and Philistines — but does not prevent him from marrying a pagan or breaking his vow. Spiritual gifts and moral character are not the same thing. Power without holiness is dangerous.
  • 5. Trusting the wrong people with your secrets (v.17). Samson tells his wife the riddle under pressure — and she betrays him. He will repeat this exact pattern with Delilah (16:17). Some lessons are never learned. The pattern that destroys us is often the pattern we refuse to recognize.