1 Chronicles — Chapter 11
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1Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.
2And moreover in time past, even when Saul was king, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel.
3Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel.
4And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus; where the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land.
5And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David.
6And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief.
7And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David.
8And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city.
9So David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts was with him.
10These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.
11And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.
12And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighties.
13He was with David at Pas-dammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.
14And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a great deliverance.
15Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
16And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines’ garrison was then at Bethlehem.
17And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, that is at the gate!
18And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but David would not drink of it, but poured it out to the LORD,
19And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest.
20And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three.
21Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was their captain: howbeit he attained not to the first three.
22Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day.
23And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and slew him with his own spear.
24These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among the three mighties.
25Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to the first three: and David set him over his guard.
26Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,
27Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,
28Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abi-ezer the Antothite,
29Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,
30Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,
31Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah, that pertained to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,
33Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
34The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite,
35Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,
36Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,
37Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,
38Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Haggeri,
39Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,
40Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
41Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,
42Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,
43Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite,
45Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
46Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,
47Eliel, and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite.
1Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.
2In times past, even when Saul was king, it was thou that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and Jehovah thy God said unto thee, Thou shalt be shepherd of my people Israel, and thou shalt be prince over my people Israel.
3So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before Jehovah; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of Jehovah by Samuel.
4And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (the same is Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there.
5And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come in hither. Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion; the same is the city of David.
6And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. And Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, and was made chief.
7And David dwelt in the stronghold; therefore they called it the city of David.
8And he built the city round about, from Millo even round about; and Joab repaired the rest of the city.
9And David waxed greater and greater; for Jehovah of hosts was with him.
10Now these are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of Jehovah concerning Israel.
11And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had: Jashobeam, the son of a Hachmonite, the chief of the thirty; he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them at one time.
12And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighty men.
13He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a plot of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.
14And they stood in the midst of the plot, and defended it, and slew the Philistines; and Jehovah saved them by a great victory.
15And three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
16And David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem.
17And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me water to drink of the well of Beth-lehem, which is by the gate!
18And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but David would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto Jehovah,
19and said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with [the jeopardy of] their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did the three mighty men.
20And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.
21Of the three, he was more honorable than the two, and was made their captain: howbeit he attained not to the [first] three.
22Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, he slew the two [sons of] Ariel of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow.
23And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian`s hand was a spear like a weaver`s beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian`s hand, and slew him with his own spear.
24These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had a name among the three mighty men.
25Behold, he was more honorable than the thirty, but he attained not to the [first] three: and David set him over his guard.
26Also the mighty men of the armies: Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth-lehem,
27Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,
28Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite,
29Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,
30Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,
31Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,
33Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
34the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite,
35Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,
36Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,
37Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,
38Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri,
39Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armorbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,
40Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
41Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,
42Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a chief of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,
43Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
45Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
46Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,
47Eliel, and Obed, and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
1All Israel joined David at Hebron and said, “Look, we are your very flesh and blood!
2In the past, even when Saul was king, you were Israel’s commanding general. The Lord your God said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel; you will rule over my people Israel.’”
3When all the leaders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the Lord. They anointed David king over Israel, in keeping with the Lord’s message that came through Samuel.
4David and the whole Israelite army advanced to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus). (The Jebusites, the land’s original inhabitants, lived there.)
5The residents of Jebus said to David, “You cannot invade this place!” But David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the City of David).
6David said, “Whoever attacks the Jebusites first will become commanding general!” So Joab son of Zeruiah attacked first and became commander.
7David lived in the fortress; for this reason it is called the City of David.
8He built up the city around it, from the terrace to the surrounding walls; Joab restored the rest of the city.
9David’s power steadily grew, for the Lord of Heaven’s Armies was with him.
10These were the leaders of David’s warriors who, together with all Israel, stood courageously with him in his kingdom by installing him as king, in keeping with the Lord’s message concerning Israel.
11This is the list of David’s warriors: Jashobeam, a Hacmonite, was head of the officers. He killed 300 men with his spear in a single battle.
12Next in command was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite. He was one of the three elite warriors.
13He was with David in Pas Dammim when the Philistines assembled there for battle. In an area of the field that was full of barley, the army retreated before the Philistines,
14but then they made a stand in the middle of that area. They defended it and defeated the Philistines; the Lord gave them a great victory.
15Three of the thirty leaders went down to David at the rocky cliff at the cave of Adullam, while a Philistine force was camped in the Valley of Rephaim.
16David was in the stronghold at the time, while a Philistine garrison was in Bethlehem.
17David was thirsty and said, “How I wish someone would give me some water to drink from the cistern in Bethlehem near the city gate!”
18So the three elite warriors broke through the Philistine forces and drew some water from the cistern in Bethlehem near the city gate. They carried it back to David, but David refused to drink it. He poured it out as a drink offering to the Lord
19and said, “God forbid that I should do this! Should I drink the blood of these men who risked their lives?” Because they risked their lives to bring it to him, he refused to drink it. Such were the exploits of the three elite warriors.
20Abishai the brother of Joab was head of the three elite warriors. He killed 300 men with his spear and gained fame along with the three elite warriors.
21From the three he was given double honor and he became their officer, even though he was not one of them.
22Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a brave warrior from Kabzeel who performed great exploits. He struck down the two sons of Ariel of Moab; he also went down and killed a lion inside a cistern on a snowy day.
23He even killed an Egyptian who was 7½ feet tall. The Egyptian had a spear in his hand as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom; Benaiah attacked him with a club. He grabbed the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear.
24Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada, who gained fame along with the three elite warriors.
25He received honor from the thirty warriors, though he was not one of the three elite warriors. David put him in charge of his bodyguard.
26The mighty warriors were:Asahel the brother of Joab,Elhanan son of Dodo, from Bethlehem,
27Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,
28Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,Abiezer the Anathothite,
29Sibbekai the Hushathite,Ilai the Ahohite,
30Maharai the Netophathite,Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite,
31Ithai son of Ribai from Gibeah in Benjaminite territory,Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32Hurai from the valleys of Gaash,Abiel the Arbathite,
33Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
34the sons of Hashem the Gizonite,Jonathan son of Shageh the Hararite,
35Ahiam son of Sakar the Hararite,Eliphal son of Ur,
36Hepher the Mekerathite,Ahijah the Pelonite,
37Hezro the Carmelite,Naarai son of Ezbai,
38Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar son of Hagri,
39Zelek the Ammonite,Naharai the Beerothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah,
40Ira the Ithrite,Gareb the Ithrite,
41Uriah the Hittite,Zabad son of Achli,
42Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite, leader of the Reubenites and the thirty warriors with him,
43Hanan son of Maacah,Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44Uzzia the Ashterathite,Shama and Jeiel, the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
45Jediael son of Shimri,and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
46Eliel the Mahavite,and Jeribai and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam,and Ithmah the Moabite,
47Eliel,and Obed,and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
1Then all Israel gathered themselves to David to Hebron, saying, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.
2In times past, even when Saul was king, it was you who led out and brought in Israel. Yahweh your God said to you, ‘You shall be shepherd of my people Israel, and you shall be prince over my people Israel.’”
3So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before Yahweh; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to Yahweh’s word by Samuel.
4David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (also called Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there.
5The inhabitants of Jebus said to David, “You will not come in here.” Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion. The same is David’s city.
6David said, “Whoever strikes the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain.” Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, and was made chief.
7David lived in the stronghold; therefore they called it David’s city.
8He built the city all around, from Millo even around; and Joab repaired the rest of the city.
9David grew greater and greater; for Yahweh of Armies was with him.
10Now these are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king, according to Yahweh’s word concerning Israel.
11This is the number of the mighty men whom David had: Jashobeam, the son of a Hachmonite, the chief of the thirty; he lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them at one time.
12After him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighty men.
13He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where there was a plot of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.
14They stood in the middle of the plot, defended it, and killed the Philistines; and Yahweh saved them by a great victory.
15Three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the army of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
16David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was in Bethlehem at that time.
17David longed, and said, “Oh that one would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!”
18The three broke through the army of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but David would not drink any of it, but poured it out to Yahweh,
19and said, “My God forbid me, that I should do this! Shall I drink the blood of these men who have put their lives in jeopardy?” For they risked their lives to bring it. Therefore he would not drink it. The three mighty men did these things.
20Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them, and had a name among the three.
21Of the three, he was more honorable than the two, and was made their captain; however he wasn’t included in the three.
22Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, killed the two sons of Ariel of Moab. He also went down and killed a lion in the middle of a pit on a snowy day.
23He killed an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high. In the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam; and he went down to him with a staff, plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with his own spear.
24Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did these things, and had a name among the three mighty men.
25Behold, he was more honorable than the thirty, but he didn’t attain to the three; and David set him over his guard.
26The mighty men of the armies also include Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,
27Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,
28Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite,
29Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,
30Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,
31Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,
33Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
34the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite,
35Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,
36Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,
37Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,
38Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri,
39Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armor bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,
40Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
41Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,
42Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a chief of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,
43Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jeiel the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
45Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
46Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,
47Eliel, and Obed, and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
Summary
All Israel gathers at Hebron to anoint David king, and he immediately captures Jerusalem (the Jebusite stronghold) to establish it as his capital. The chapter also lists David's mighty men and their heroic exploits.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Largely parallels 1-2 Samuel geographically. Jerusalem (Zion/City of David) is the theological and political center.
- Key sites: Hebron (David's first capital, 7 years), the threshing floor of Ornan/Araunah (future Temple site, ch.21).
- Chapters 1-9 (genealogies) contain tribal allotments but minimal narrative geography.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik highlights the Chronicler's omission of the civil war period (2 Samuel 2-4) — presenting David as immediately recognized by all Israel. He notes that the Bethlehem water episode reveals why men would die for David: he was a leader who valued them more than himself.
- Charles Spurgeon: "David poured out the water as a drink offering to the LORD — and in so doing, he showed himself a true king. A lesser man would have drunk it and praised his warriors' bravery. David could not. What cost his men's blood was too sacred for his lips — it belonged to God alone. Here is the mark of greatness: recognizing that the sacrifices others make for you are not yours to consume but God's to receive. Every leader should learn this: the devotion of those who serve you is a sacred trust, not a personal entitlement."
Reflection
- 1. True leadership is shepherding (v.2). God told David to "feed" (shepherd) His people — not exploit them, not dominate them. Biblical leadership in every sphere — home, church, workplace — is serving those under your care. Are you leading like a shepherd or like a tyrant?
- 2. God's presence is the source of all true greatness (v.9). "David became greater and greater, for the LORD of hosts was with him." The correlation is explicit: David's greatness was not talent, strategy, or luck — it was God's presence. Whatever genuine greatness you achieve comes from the same source. Stay close to God, and growth will follow.
- 3. Value people's sacrifices properly (vv.17-19). David refused to casually consume what cost his men their lives. Do you take for granted the sacrifices others make for you? Your spouse's patience, your parents' investments, your colleagues' support — these are not cheap commodities but life-offerings. Treat them as sacred.
- 4. The right people rally around God's anointed (vv.10-47). David's mighty men came from every tribe, every background — even foreigners (Zelek the Ammonite, Uriah the Hittite, Ithmah the Moabite). God draws diverse people to His purposes. Don't be surprised when unlikely allies appear in your mission.
- 5. Human loyalty can inspire extraordinary sacrifice (vv.17-19). These men risked death for their king's casual wish. What inspires such devotion? A leader worth following. David's character drew out the best in others. Your character — not your position — determines whether people will sacrifice for your vision.