1 Chronicles — Chapter 2
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1These are the sons of Israel; Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun,
2Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
3The sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah: which three were born unto him of the daughter of Shua the Canaanitess. And Er, the firstborn of Judah, was evil in the sight of the LORD; and he slew him.
4And Tamar his daughter in law bare him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five.
5The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul.
6And the sons of Zerah; Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara: five of them in all.
7And the sons of Carmi; Achar, the troubler of Israel, who transgressed in the thing accursed.
8And the sons of Ethan; Azariah.
9The sons also of Hezron, that were born unto him; Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Chelubai.
10And Ram begat Amminadab; and Amminadab begat Nahshon, prince of the children of Judah;
11And Nahshon begat Salma, and Salma begat Boaz,
12And Boaz begat Obed, and Obed begat Jesse,
13And Jesse begat his firstborn Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimma the third,
14Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
15Ozem the sixth, David the seventh:
16Whose sisters were Zeruiah, and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah; Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three.
17And Abigail bare Amasa: and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmeelite.
18And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
19And when Azubah was dead, Caleb took unto him Ephrath, which bare him Hur.
20And Hur begat Uri, and Uri begat Bezaleel.
21And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he married when he was threescore years old; and she bare him Segub.
22And Segub begat Jair, who had three and twenty cities in the land of Gilead.
23And he took Geshur, and Aram, with the towns of Jair, from them, with Kenath, and the towns thereof, even threescore cities. All these belonged to the sons of Machir the father of Gilead.
24And after that Hezron was dead in Caleb-ephratah, then Abiah Hezron’s wife bare him Ashur the father of Tekoa.
25And the sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were, Ram the firstborn, and Bunah, and Oren, and Ozem, and Ahijah.
26Jerahmeel had also another wife, whose name was Atarah; she was the mother of Onam.
27And the sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel were, Maaz, and Jamin, and Eker.
28And the sons of Onam were, Shammai, and Jada. And the sons of Shammai; Nadab, and Abishur.
29And the name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail, and she bare him Ahban, and Molid.
30And the sons of Nadab; Seled, and Appaim: but Seled died without children.
31And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And the children of Sheshan; Ahlai.
32And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether and Jonathan: and Jether died without children.
33And the sons of Jonathan; Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel.
34Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. And Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha.
35And Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant to wife; and she bare him Attai.
36And Attai begat Nathan, and Nathan begat Zabad,
37And Zabad begat Ephlal, and Ephlal begat Obed,
38And Obed begat Jehu, and Jehu begat Azariah,
39And Azariah begat Helez, and Helez begat Eleasah,
40And Eleasah begat Sisamai, and Sisamai begat Shallum,
41And Shallum begat Jekamiah, and Jekamiah begat Elishama.
42Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were, Mesha his firstborn, which was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron.
43And the sons of Hebron; Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema.
44And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkoam: and Rekem begat Shammai.
45And the son of Shammai was Maon: and Maon was the father of Beth-zur.
46And Ephah, Caleb’s concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez: and Haran begat Gazez.
47And the sons of Jahdai; Regem, and Jotham, and Gesham, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph.
48Maachah, Caleb’s concubine, bare Sheber, and Tirhanah.
49She bare also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbenah, and the father of Gibea: and the daughter of Caleb was Achsa.
50These were the sons of Caleb the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah; Shobal the father of Kirjath-jearim,
51Salma the father of Bethlehem, Hareph the father of Beth-gader.
52And Shobal the father of Kirjath-jearim had sons; Haroeh, and half of the Manahethites.
53And the families of Kirjath-jearim; the Ithrites, and the Puhites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the Zareathites, and the Eshtaulites.
54The sons of Salma; Bethlehem, and the Netophathites, Ataroth, the house of Joab, and half of the Manahethites, the Zorites.
55And the families of the scribes which dwelt at Jabez; the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, and Suchathites. These are the Kenites that came of Hemath, the father of the house of Rechab.
1These are the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun,
2Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
3The sons of Judah: Er, and Onan, and Shelah; which three were born unto him of Shua`s daughter the Canaanitess. And Er, Judah`s first-born, was wicked in the sight of Jehovah; and he slew him.
4And Tamar his daughter-in-law bare him Perez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five.
5The sons of Perez: Hezron, and Hamul.
6And the sons of Zerah: Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara; five of them in all.
7And the sons of Carmi: Achar, the troubler of Israel, who committed a trespass in the devoted thing.
8And the sons of Ethan: Azariah.
9The sons also of Hezron, that were born unto him: Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Chelubai.
10And Ram begat Amminadab, and Amminadab begat Nahshon, prince of the children of Judah;
11and Nahshon begat Salma, and Salma begat Boaz,
12and Boaz begat Obed, and Obed begat Jesse;
13and Jesse begat his first-born Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimea the third,
14Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
15Ozem the sixth, David the seventh;
16and their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three.
17And Abigail bare Amasa; and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmaelite.
18And Caleb the son of Hezron begat [children] of Azubah [his] wife, and of Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
19And Azubah died, and Caleb took unto him Ephrath, who bare him Hur.
20And Hur begat Uri, and Uri begat Bezalel.
21And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he took [to wife] when he was threescore years old; and she bare him Segub.
22And Segub begat Jair, who had three and twenty cities in the land of Gilead.
23And Geshur and Aram took the towns of Jair from them, with Kenath, and the villages thereof, even threescore cities. All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead.
24And after that Hezron was dead in Caleb-ephrathah, then Abijah Hezron`s wife bare him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.
25And the sons of Jerahmeel the first-born of Hezron were Ram the first-born, and Bunah, and Oren, and Ozem, Ahijah.
26And Jerahmeel had another wife, whose name was Atarah; she was the mother of Onam.
27And the sons of Ram the first-born of Jerahmeel were Maaz, and Jamin, and Eker.
28And the sons of Onam were Shammai, and Jada. And the sons of Shammai: Nadab, and Abishur.
29And the name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail; and she bare him Ahban, and Molid.
30And the sons of Nadab: Seled, and Appaim; but Seled died without children.
31And the sons of Appaim: Ishi. And the sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And the sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
32And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.
33And the sons of Jonathan: Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel.
34Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. And Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha.
35And Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant to wife; and she bare him Attai.
36And Attai begat Nathan, and Nathan begat Zabad,
37and Zabad begat Ephlal, and Ephlal begat Obed,
38and Obed begat Jehu, and Jehu begat Azariah,
39and Azariah begat Helez, and Helez begat Eleasah,
40and Eleasah begat Sismai, and Sismai begat Shallum,
41and Shallum begat Jekamiah, and Jekamiah begat Elishama.
42And the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were Mesha his first-born, who was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron.
43And the sons of Hebron: Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema.
44And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkeam; and Rekem begat Shammai.
45And the son of Shammai was Maon; and Maon was the father of Beth-zur.
46And Ephah, Caleb`s concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez; and Haran begat Gazez.
47And the sons of Jahdai: Regem, and Jothan, and Geshan, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph.
48Maacah, Caleb`s concubine, bare Sheber and Tirhanah.
49She bare also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbena, and the father of Gibea; and the daughter of Caleb was Achsah.
50These were the sons of Caleb, the son of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath-jearim,
51Salma the father of Beth-lehem, Hareph the father of Beth-gader.
52And Shobal the father of Kiriath-jearim had sons: Haroeh, half of the Menuhoth.
53And the families of Kiriath-jearim: The Ithrites, and the Puthites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the Zorathites and the Eshtaolites.
54The sons of Salma: Beth-lehem, and the Netophathites, Atroth-beth-joab, and half of the Manahathites, the Zorites.
55And the families of scribes that dwelt at Jabez: the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, the Sucathites. These are the Kenites that came of Hammath, the father of the house of Rechab.
1These were the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; Issachar and Zebulun;
2Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin; Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
3The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bathshua, a Canaanite woman. Er, Judah’s firstborn, displeased the Lord, so the Lord killed him.
4Tamar, Judah’s daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.
5The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
6The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Kalkol, Dara—five in all.
7The son of Carmi: Achan, who brought the disaster on Israel when he stole what was devoted to God.
8The son of Ethan: Azariah.
9The sons born to Hezron: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Caleb.
10Ram was the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, the tribal chief of Judah.
11Nahshon was the father of Salma, and Salma was the father of Boaz.
12Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed was the father of Jesse.
13Jesse was the father of Eliab, his firstborn; Abinadab was born second, Shimea third,
14Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth,
15Ozem sixth, and David seventh.
16Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah’s three sons were Abshai, Joab, and Asahel.
17Abigail bore Amasa, whose father was Jether the Ishmaelite.
18Caleb son of Hezron fathered sons by his wife Azubah (also known as Jerioth). Her sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
19When Azubah died, Caleb married Ephrath, who bore him Hur.
20Hur was the father of Uri, and Uri was the father of Bezalel.
21Later Hezron slept with the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. (He had married her when he was sixty years old.) She bore him Segub.
22Segub was the father of Jair, who owned twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead.
23(Geshur and Aram captured the towns of Jair, along with Kenath and its sixty surrounding towns.) All these were descendants of Makir, the father of Gilead.
24After Hezron’s death, Caleb slept with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s widow, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.
25The sons of Jerahmeel, Hezron’s firstborn, were Ram, the firstborn, Bunah, Oren, Ozem, and Ahijah.
26Jerahmeel had another wife named Atarah; she was Onam’s mother.
27The sons of Ram, Jerahmeel’s firstborn, were Maaz, Jamin, and Eker.
28The sons of Onam were Shammai and Jada.The sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur.
29Abishur’s wife was Abihail, who bore him Ahban and Molid.
30The sons of Nadab: Seled and Appaim. (Seled died without having sons.)
31The son of Appaim: Ishi.The son of Ishi: Sheshan.The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.
32The sons of Jada, Shammai’s brother: Jether and Jonathan. (Jether died without having sons.)
33The sons of Jonathan: Peleth and Zaza.These were the descendants of Jerahmeel.
34Sheshan had no sons, only daughters. Sheshan had an Egyptian servant named Jarha.
35Sheshan gave his daughter to his servant Jarha as a wife; she bore him Attai.
36Attai was the father of Nathan, and Nathan was the father of Zabad.
37Zabad was the father of Ephlal, and Ephlal was the father of Obed.
38Obed was the father of Jehu, and Jehu was the father of Azariah.
39Azariah was the father of Helez, and Helez was the father of Eleasah.
40Eleasah was the father of Sismai, and Sismai was the father of Shallum.
41Shallum was the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah was the father of Elishama.
42The sons of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother: his firstborn Mesha, the father of Ziph, and his second son Mareshah, the father of Hebron.
43The sons of Hebron: Korah, Tappuah, Rekem, and Shema.
44Shema was the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam. Rekem was the father of Shammai.
45Shammai’s son was Maon, who was the father of Beth Zur.
46Caleb’s concubine Ephah bore Haran, Moza, and Gazez. Haran was the father of Gazez.
47The sons of Jahdai: Regem, Jotham, Geshan, Pelet, Ephah, and Shaaph.
48Caleb’s concubine Maacah bore Sheber and Tirhanah.
49She also bore Shaaph the father of Madmannah and Sheva the father of Machbenah and Gibea. Caleb’s daughter was Achsah.
50These were the descendants of Caleb.The sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrath: Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim,
51Salma, the father of Bethlehem, and Hareph, the father of Beth Gader.
52The sons of Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim, were Haroeh, half the Manahathites,
53the clans of Kiriath Jearim—the Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites, and Mishraites. (The Zorathites and Eshtaolites descended from these groups.)
54The sons of Salma: Bethlehem, the Netophathites, Atroth Beth Joab, half the Manahathites, the Zorites,
55and the clans of the scribes who lived in Jabez: the Tirathites, Shimeathites, and Sucathites. These are the Kenites who descended from Hammath, the father of Beth Rechab.
1These are the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun,
2Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
3The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah; which three were born to him of Shua’s daughter the Canaanitess. Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in Yahweh’s sight; and he killed him.
4Tamar his daughter-in-law bore him Perez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five.
5The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
6The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara; five of them in all.
7The son of Carmi: Achar, the troubler of Israel, who committed a trespass in the devoted thing.
8The son of Ethan: Azariah.
9The sons also of Hezron, who were born to him: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Chelubai.
10Ram became the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab became the father of Nahshon, prince of the children of Judah;
11and Nahshon became the father of Salma, and Salma became the father of Boaz,
12and Boaz became the father of Obed, and Obed became the father of Jesse;
13and Jesse became the father of his firstborn Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimea the third,
14Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
15Ozem the sixth, David the seventh;
16and their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. The sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, Joab, and Asahel, three.
17Abigail bore Amasa; and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmaelite.
18Caleb the son of Hezron became the father of children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
19Azubah died, and Caleb married Ephrath, who bore him Hur.
20Hur became the father of Uri, and Uri became the father of Bezalel.
21Afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he took as wife when he was sixty years old; and she bore him Segub.
22Segub became the father of Jair, who had twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead.
23Geshur and Aram took the towns of Jair from them, with Kenath, and its villages, even sixty cities. All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead.
24After Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah Hezron’s wife bore him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.
25The sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were Ram the firstborn, Bunah, Oren, Ozem, and Ahijah.
26Jerahmeel had another wife, whose name was Atarah. She was the mother of Onam.
27The sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel were Maaz, Jamin, and Eker.
28The sons of Onam were Shammai and Jada. The sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur.
29The name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail; and she bore him Ahban and Molid.
30The sons of Nadab: Seled and Appaim; but Seled died without children.
31The son of Appaim: Ishi. The son of Ishi: Sheshan. The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.
32The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.
33The sons of Jonathan: Peleth and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel.
34Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha.
35Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant as wife; and she bore him Attai.
36Attai became the father of Nathan, and Nathan became the father of Zabad,
37and Zabad became the father of Ephlal, and Ephlal became the father of Obed,
38and Obed became the father of Jehu, and Jehu became the father of Azariah,
39and Azariah became the father of Helez, and Helez became the father of Eleasah,
40and Eleasah became the father of Sismai, and Sismai became the father of Shallum,
41and Shallum became the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah became the father of Elishama.
42The sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were Mesha his firstborn, who was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron.
43The sons of Hebron: Korah, Tappuah, Rekem, and Shema.
44Shema became the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam; and Rekem became the father of Shammai.
45The son of Shammai was Maon; and Maon was the father of Beth Zur.
46Ephah, Caleb’s concubine, bore Haran, Moza, and Gazez; and Haran became the father of Gazez.
47The sons of Jahdai: Regem, Jothan, Geshan, Pelet, Ephah, and Shaaph.
48Maacah, Caleb’s concubine, bore Sheber and Tirhanah.
49She bore also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbena, and the father of Gibea; and the daughter of Caleb was Achsah.
50These were the sons of Caleb, the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath Jearim,
51Salma the father of Bethlehem, and Hareph the father of Beth Gader.
52Shobal the father of Kiriath Jearim had sons: Haroeh, half of the Menuhoth.
53The families of Kiriath Jearim: the Ithrites, the Puthites, the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; from them came the Zorathites and the Eshtaolites.
54The sons of Salma: Bethlehem, the Netophathites, Atroth Beth Joab, and half of the Manahathites, the Zorites.
55The families of scribes who lived at Jabez: the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, and the Sucathites. These are the Kenites who came from Hammath, the father of the house of Rechab.
Summary
The genealogy of Judah is traced from his sons through the line of Perez to Jesse and David, establishing the royal lineage. Additional Judahite clans are listed, including the descendants of Caleb and Hezron, showing the breadth of Judah's tribe.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Largely parallels 1-2 Samuel geographically. Jerusalem (Zion/City of David) is the theological and political center.
- Key sites: Hebron (David's first capital, 7 years), the threshing floor of Ornan/Araunah (future Temple site, ch.21).
- Chapters 1-9 (genealogies) contain tribal allotments but minimal narrative geography.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik highlights that the Chronicler's emphasis on Judah reflects the post-exilic reality: the returned community was primarily composed of Judah and Benjamin. The detailed treatment of Judah's clans served to organize the resettlement and establish legitimate land claims. He also notes the theological significance of David appearing as the seventh son.
- Charles Spurgeon: "From Judah to David — what a road of grace! Through Tamar's shame, through Rahab's faith, through Ruth's loyalty, through Jesse's obscurity — God brought forth His king. The genealogy of grace is never a straight line of human merit but a winding path of divine sovereignty. Every twist in this road was planned before the foundation of the world, and every name — however obscure — was placed there by infinite wisdom."
Reflection
- 1. God works through broken people and broken stories (vv.3-4). The messianic line passes through Judah's sin with Tamar, Er's wickedness, and scandal. God does not wait for perfect people to accomplish His purposes. If your past includes shame and failure, know that God's grace can weave even those threads into His redemptive story.
- 2. One person's sin affects the whole community (v.7). Achan is remembered for one act of unfaithfulness that brought judgment on all Israel. Your secret compromises are never truly private — they affect your family, your church, your community. The post-exilic readers understood this: they had returned from exile caused by accumulated national sin. Guard against the "small" sins that bring corporate consequences.
- 3. God's plan advances through ordinary faithfulness (vv.10-15). Between Perez and David lie ten generations of largely unknown men. They married, raised children, farmed land, and passed on the faith — and through their ordinary faithfulness the messianic line was preserved. You don't have to be famous to be faithful. The most important thing you may ever do is raise the next generation well.
- 4. God chooses the unlikely (v.15). David is the seventh son — overlooked by his own father (1 Samuel 16). Yet God chose him. The Chronicler records this without apology because God's choices consistently confound human expectations. If you feel overlooked or underestimated, remember: God's selection process is different from the world's.
- 5. Grace incorporates outsiders (vv.34-35, 55). Sheshan gives his daughter to an Egyptian slave; Kenites serve as scribes in Israel. The genealogy of God's people has always included those who come from outside by grace. Ethnic purity is not the point — covenant faithfulness is.