1 Chronicles — Chapter 5
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1Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father’s bed, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright.
2For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph’s:)
3The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
4The sons of Joel; Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
5Micah his son, Reaia his son, Baal his son,
6Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites.
7And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah,
8And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon:
9And eastward he inhabited unto the entering in of the wilderness from the river Euphrates: because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead.
10And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites, who fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the east land of Gilead.
11And the children of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of Bashan unto Salchah:
12Joel the chief, and Shapham the next, and Jaanai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
13And their brethren of the house of their fathers were, Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, seven.
14These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz;
15Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of the house of their fathers.
16And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders.
17All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
18The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war.
19And they made war with the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, and Nodab.
20And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried to God in the battle, and he was intreated of them; because they put their trust in him.
21And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men an hundred thousand.
22For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their steads until the captivity.
23And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baal-hermon and Senir, and unto mount Hermon.
24And these were the heads of the house of their fathers, even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house of their fathers.
25And they transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them.
26And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, unto this day.
1And the sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel (for he was the first-born; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father`s couch, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel; and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright.
2For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the prince; but the birthright was Joseph`s:)
3the sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
4The sons of Joel: Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
5Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son,
6Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites.
7And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned: the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah,
8and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon:
9and eastward he dwelt even unto the entrance of the wilderness from the river Euphrates, because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead.
10And in the days of Saul, they made war with the Hagrites, who fell by their hand; and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the [land] east of Gilead.
11And the sons of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of Bashan unto Salecah:
12Joel the chief, and Shapham the second, and Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
13And their brethren of their fathers` houses: Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jacan, and Zia, and Eber, seven.
14These were the sons of Abihail, the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz;
15Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of their fathers` houses.
16And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in its towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, as far as their borders.
17All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
18The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were forty and four thousand seven hundred and threescore, that were able to go forth to war.
19And they made war with the Hagrites, with Jetur, and Naphish, and Nodab.
20And they were helped against them, and the Hagrites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them; for they cried to God in the battle, and he was entreated of them, because they put their trust in him.
21And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men a hundred thousand.
22For there fell many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their stead until the captivity.
23And the children of the half-tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baal-hermon and Senir and mount Hermon.
24And these were the heads of their fathers` houses: even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valor, famous men, heads of their fathers` houses.
25And they trespassed against the God of their fathers, and played the harlot after the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God destroyed before them.
26And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river of Gozan, unto this day.
1The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn—(Now he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father’s bed, his rights as firstborn were given to the sons of Joseph, Israel’s son. So Reuben is not listed as firstborn in the genealogical records.
2Though Judah was the strongest among his brothers and a leader descended from him, the right of the firstborn belonged to Joseph.)
3The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
4The descendants of Joel: his son Shemaiah, his son Gog, his son Shimei,
5his son Micah, his son Reaiah, his son Baal,
6and his son Beerah, whom King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria carried into exile. Beerah was the tribal leader of Reuben.
7His brothers by their clans, as listed in their genealogical records:The leader Jeiel, Zechariah,
8and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel. They lived in Aroer as far as Nebo and Baal Meon.
9In the east they settled as far as the entrance to the wilderness that stretches to the Euphrates River, for their cattle had increased in numbers in the land of Gilead.
10During the time of Saul they attacked the Hagrites and defeated them. They took over their territory in the entire eastern region of Gilead.
11The descendants of Gad lived near them in the land of Bashan, as far as Salecah.
12They included Joel the leader, Shapham the second-in-command, Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
13Their relatives, listed according to their families, included Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jacan, Zia, and Eber—seven in all.
14These were the sons of Abihail son of Huri, son of Jaroah, son of Gilead, son of Michael, son of Jeshishai, son of Jahdo, son of Buz.
15Ahi son of Abdiel, son of Guni, was the leader of the family.
16They lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its surrounding settlements, and in the pasturelands of Sharon to their very borders.
17All of them were listed in the genealogical records in the time of King Jotham of Judah and in the time of King Jeroboam of Israel.
18The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 men in their combined armies, warriors who carried shields and swords, were equipped with bows, and were trained for war.
19They attacked the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab.
20They received divine help in fighting them, and the Hagrites and all their allies were handed over to them. They cried out to God during the battle; he responded to their prayers because they trusted in him.
21They seized the Hagrites’ animals, including 50,000 camels, 250,000 sheep, and 2,000 donkeys. They also took captive 100,000 people.
22Because God fought for them, they killed many of the enemy. They dispossessed the Hagrites and lived in their land until the exile.
23The half-tribe of Manasseh settled in the land from Bashan as far as Baal Hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon. They grew in number.
24These were the leaders of their families: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel. They were skilled warriors, men of reputation, and leaders of their families.
25But they were unfaithful to the God of their ancestors and worshiped instead the gods of the native peoples whom God had destroyed before them.
26So the God of Israel stirred up King Pul of Assyria (that is, King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria), and he carried away the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh and took them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river of Gozan, where they remain to this very day.
1The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel (for he was the firstborn; but, because he defiled his father’s couch, his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph the son of Israel; and the genealogy is not to be listed according to the birthright.
2For Judah prevailed above his brothers, and from him came the prince; but the birthright was Joseph’s)—
3the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
4The sons of Joel: Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
5Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son,
6and Beerah his son, whom Tilgath Pilneser king of Assyria carried away captive. He was prince of the Reubenites.
7His brothers by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was listed: the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah,
8and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who lived in Aroer, even to Nebo and Baal Meon;
9and he lived eastward even to the entrance of the wilderness from the river Euphrates, because their livestock were multiplied in the land of Gilead.
10In the days of Saul, they made war with the Hagrites, who fell by their hand; and they lived in their tents throughout all the land east of Gilead.
11The sons of Gad lived over against them, in the land of Bashan to Salecah:
12Joel the chief, Shapham the second, Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
13Their brothers of their fathers’ houses: Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jacan, Zia, and Eber, seven.
14These were the sons of Abihail, the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz;
15Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of their fathers’ houses.
16They lived in Gilead in Bashan, and in its towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, as far as their borders.
17All these were listed by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
18The sons of Reuben, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skillful in war, were forty-four thousand seven hundred sixty, that were able to go out to war.
19They made war with the Hagrites, with Jetur, and Naphish, and Nodab.
20They were helped against them, and the Hagrites were delivered into their hand, and all who were with them; for they cried to God in the battle, and he answered them, because they put their trust in him.
21They took away their livestock; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred fifty thousand, and of donkeys two thousand, and of men one hundred thousand.
22For many fell slain, because the war was of God. They lived in their place until the captivity.
23The children of the half-tribe of Manasseh lived in the land: they increased from Bashan to Baal Hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon.
24These were the heads of their fathers’ houses: even Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valor, famous men, heads of their fathers’ houses.
25They trespassed against the God of their fathers, and played the prostitute after the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God destroyed before them.
26So the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath Pilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and brought them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and to the river of Gozan, to this day.
Summary
The genealogies of the Transjordan tribes—Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh—are recorded, noting their military victories through faith and their eventual exile due to unfaithfulness to God. Reuben's lost birthright is explained as a consequence of his sin.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Largely parallels 1-2 Samuel geographically. Jerusalem (Zion/City of David) is the theological and political center.
- Key sites: Hebron (David's first capital, 7 years), the threshing floor of Ornan/Araunah (future Temple site, ch.21).
- Chapters 1-9 (genealogies) contain tribal allotments but minimal narrative geography.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the theological framework of the chapter: the same tribes that experienced supernatural victory through faith (vv.18-22) later experienced supernatural judgment through apostasy (vv.25-26). He notes that the Chronicler presents this as a warning pattern for the post-exilic community: your restoration is real, but it can be lost.
- Charles Spurgeon: "They cried to God and He was entreated — what a simple yet profound theology of prayer! The battle was fierce, the enemy strong, and 44,000 warriors were engaged — yet the victory turned not on swords but on prayers. 'He was entreated of them because they put their trust in Him.' Here is the key to every battle — cry to God, trust His character, and watch Him work. But mark the warning: the same people who trusted in verse 20 transgressed in verse 25. Past victory does not guarantee future faithfulness. The prayer warrior of today may become the apostate of tomorrow if trust gives way to presumption."
Reflection
- 1. Sin forfeits privilege (vv.1-2). Reuben was firstborn but lost everything through one act of unfaithfulness. Position does not guarantee permanence. The spiritual privileges you enjoy — knowledge of God, access to His word, Christian community — can be forfeited through persistent unfaithfulness. Don't presume upon your position.
- 2. Victory comes through crying out to God (v.20). 44,760 trained warriors went to battle — but their weapons didn't win the fight. "They cried to God... because they put their trust in Him." The decisive factor in every battle — spiritual, relational, vocational — is not your preparation but your dependence on God. Are you fighting in your own strength or crying out to Him?
- 3. Past victory doesn't guarantee future faithfulness (vv.20, 25). The same tribes who experienced miraculous military victory later abandoned God for impotent idols. Spiritual experience does not inoculate against future apostasy. Yesterday's faith must become today's trust. Never assume your past relationship with God will carry you through present unfaithfulness.
- 4. God uses unlikely instruments for His purposes (v.26). Assyria knew nothing of the God of Israel, yet God "stirred up" their king as His instrument of judgment. God is sovereign over all nations, all rulers, all events. The difficulties and "enemies" in your life may be instruments in God's hand — not random chaos but purposeful discipline.
- 5. Apostasy is always irrational (v.25). They worshiped "the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them." They chose gods proven powerless — gods whose worshipers were already defeated. Sin never makes rational sense; it only makes emotional sense. When tempted to forsake God, ask: "Am I choosing something that has already proven itself worthless?"