2 Chronicles — Chapter 10

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1Then Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all Israel had gone there to make him king.

2When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard about this, he returned from Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon.

3So they sent for Jeroboam, and he and all Israel came to Rehoboam and said,

4“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

5Rehoboam answered, “Come back to me in three days.” So the people departed.

6Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. “How do you advise me to respond to these people?” he asked.

7They replied, “If you will be kind to these people and please them by speaking kind words to them, they will be your servants forever.”

8But Rehoboam rejected the advice of the elders; instead, he consulted the young men who had grown up with him and served him.

9He asked them, “What message do you advise that we send back to these people who have spoken to me, saying, ‘Lighten the yoke your father put on us’?”

10The young men who had grown up with him replied, “This is how you should answer these people who said to you, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you must make it lighter.’ This is what you should tell them: ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist!

11Whereas my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.’”

12After three days, Jeroboam and all the people returned to Rehoboam, since the king had said, “Come back to me on the third day.”

13And the king answered them harshly. King Rehoboam rejected the advice of the elders

14and spoke to them as the young men had advised, saying, “Whereas my father made your yoke heavy, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions.”

15So the king did not listen to the people, and indeed this turn of events was from God, in order that the LORD might fulfill the word that He had spoken through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat.

16When all Israel saw that the king had refused to listen to them, they answered the king: “What portion do we have in David, and what inheritance in the son of Jesse? To your tents, O Israel! Look now to your own house, O David!” So all the Israelites went home,

17but Rehoboam still reigned over the Israelites living in the cities of Judah.

18Then King Rehoboam sent out Hadoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but the Israelites stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem.

19So to this day Israel has been in rebellion against the house of David.

1And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for to Shechem were all Israel come to make him king.

2And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was in Egypt, whither he had fled from the presence of Solomon the king, heard it, that Jeroboam returned out of Egypt.

3And they sent and called him. So Jeroboam and all Israel came and spake to Rehoboam, saying,

4Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee.

5And he said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. And the people departed.

6And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel give ye me to return answer to this people?

7And they spake unto him, saying, If thou be kind to this people, and please them, and speak good words to them, they will be thy servants for ever.

8But he forsook the counsel which the old men gave him, and took counsel with the young men that were brought up with him, that stood before him.

9And he said unto them, What advice give ye that we may return answer to this people, which have spoken to me, saying, Ease somewhat the yoke that thy father did put upon us?

10And the young men that were brought up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou answer the people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it somewhat lighter for us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father’s loins.

11For whereas my father put a heavy yoke upon you, I will put more to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

12So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day, as the king bade, saying, Come again to me on the third day.

13And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men,

14And answered them after the advice of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

15So the king hearkened not unto the people: for the cause was of God, that the LORD might perform his word, which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

16And when all Israel saw that the king would not hearken unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? and we have none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your tents, O Israel: and now, David, see to thine own house. So all Israel went to their tents.

17But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.

18Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram that was over the tribute; and the children of Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. But king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.

19And Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.

1And Rehoboam went to Shechem; for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.

2And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard of it, (for he was in Egypt, whither he had fled from the presence of king Solomon,) that Jeroboam returned out of Egypt.

3And they sent and called him; and Jeroboam and all Israel came, and they spake to Rehoboam, saying,

4Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.

5And he said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. And the people departed.

6And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men, that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel give ye me to return answer to this people?

7And they spake unto him, saying, If thou be kind to this people, and please them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever.

8But he forsook the counsel of the old men which they had given him, and took counsel with the young men that were grown up with him, that stood before him.

9And he said unto them, What counsel give ye, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke that thy father did put upon us lighter?

10And the young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou say unto the people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger is thicker than my father`s loins.

11And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I [will chastise you] with scorpions.

12So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king bade, saying, Come to me again the third day.

13And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men,

14and spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I [will chastise you] with scorpions.

15So the king hearkened not unto the people; for it was brought about of God, that Jehovah might establish his word, which he spake by Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

16And when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So all Israel departed unto their tents.

17But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.

18Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram, who was over the men subject to taskwork; and the children of Israel stoned him to death with stones. And king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.

19So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.

1Rehoboam traveled to Shechem, for all Israel had gathered in Shechem to make Rehoboam king.

2When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard the news, he was still in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon. Jeroboam returned from Egypt.

3They sent for him, and Jeroboam and all Israel came and spoke to Rehoboam, saying,

4“Your father made us work too hard! Now if you lighten the demands he made and don’t make us work as hard, we will serve you.”

5He said to them, “Go away for three days, then return to me.” So the people went away.

6King Rehoboam consulted with the older advisers who had served his father Solomon when he had been alive. He asked them, “How do you advise me to answer these people?”

7They said to him, “If you are fair to these people, grant their request, and are cordial to them, they will be your servants from this time forward.”

8But Rehoboam rejected their advice and consulted the young advisers who served him, with whom he had grown up.

9He asked them, “How do you advise me to respond to these people who said to me, ‘Lessen the demands your father placed on us’?”

10The young advisers with whom Rehoboam had grown up said to him, “Say this to these people who have said to you, ‘Your father made us work hard, but now lighten our burden’—say this to them: ‘I am a lot harsher than my father!

11My father imposed heavy demands on you; I will make them even heavier. My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.’”

12Jeroboam and all the people reported to Rehoboam on the third day, just as the king had ordered when he said, “Return to me on the third day.”

13The king responded to the people harshly. He rejected the advice of the older men

14and followed the advice of the younger ones. He said, “My father imposed heavy demands on you; I will make them even heavier. My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.”

15The king refused to listen to the people, because God was instigating this turn of events so that he might bring to pass the prophetic announcement he had made through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat.

16When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, the people answered the king, “We have no portion in David—no share in the son of Jesse! Return to your homes, O Israel! Now, look after your own dynasty, O David!” So all Israel returned to their homes.

17(Rehoboam continued to rule over the Israelites who lived in the cities of Judah.)

18King Rehoboam sent Hadoram, the supervisor of the work crews, out after them, but the Israelites stoned him to death. King Rehoboam managed to jump into his chariot and escape to Jerusalem.

19So Israel has been in rebellion against the Davidic dynasty to this very day.

1Rehoboam went to Shechem; for all Israel had come to Shechem to make him king.

2When Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard of it (for he was in Egypt, where he had fled from the presence of king Solomon), Jeroboam returned out of Egypt.

3They sent and called him; and Jeroboam and all Israel came, and they spoke to Rehoboam, saying,

4“Your father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make the grievous service of your father, and his heavy yoke which he put on us, lighter, and we will serve you.”

5He said to them, “Come again to me after three days.” So the people departed.

6King Rehoboam took counsel with the old men, who had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, “What counsel do you give me about how to answer these people?”

7They spoke to him, saying, “If you are kind to these people, please them, and speak good words to them, then they will be your servants forever.”

8But he abandoned the counsel of the old men which they had given him, and took counsel with the young men who had grown up with him, who stood before him.

9He said to them, “What counsel do you give, that we may give an answer to these people, who have spoken to me, saying, ‘Make the yoke that your father put on us lighter?’”

10The young men who had grown up with him spoke to him, saying, “Thus you shall tell the people who spoke to you, saying, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but make it lighter on us;’ thus you shall say to them, ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s waist.

11Now whereas my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.’”

12So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king asked, saying, “Come to me again the third day.”

13The king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam abandoned the counsel of the old men,

14and spoke to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to it. My father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.”

15So the king didn’t listen to the people; for it was brought about by God, that Yahweh might establish his word, which he spoke by Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

16When all Israel saw that the king didn’t listen to them, the people answered the king, saying, “What portion have we in David? We don’t have an inheritance in the son of Jesse! Every man to your tents, Israel! Now see to your own house, David.” So all Israel departed to their tents.

17But as for the children of Israel who lived in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.

18Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram, who was over the men subject to forced labor; and the children of Israel stoned him to death with stones. King Rehoboam hurried to get himself up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.

19So Israel rebelled against David’s house to this day.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

At Shechem, Israel asks the newly crowned Rehoboam to lighten the heavy labor and taxation Solomon had imposed, promising to serve him if he does (vv. 1-4). Rejecting the elders' advice to speak kindly to the people, Rehoboam instead follows his young advisors and threatens to make the burden even heavier, boasting that his little finger will be thicker than his father's waist (vv. 5-11). His harsh answer fulfills God's word spoken through Ahijah, and the ten northern tribes reject the house of David, stoning Rehoboam's labor officer and forcing the king to flee back to Jerusalem (vv. 12-18). Only Judah remains loyal to Rehoboam, and Israel's rebellion against David's line continues to the writer's own day (v. 19).

Authorship & Background

Author: Traditionally attributed to Ezra the scribe. Originally one book with 1 Chronicles. Written post-exile (approximately 450-400 BC). 2 Chronicles covers Solomon's reign through the Babylonian exile and Cyrus's decree of return (approximately 970-538 BC). The Chronicler focuses exclusively on Judah (ignoring the northern kingdom) and emphasizes Temple worship, reform movements, and the principle of 2 Chronicles 7:14: "If my people... shall humble themselves, and pray... then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land."
Historical Context: Chapter 10 records the catastrophic division of the kingdom — one of the most consequential events in Israelite history. The transition from Solomon's glorious chapter 9 to Rehoboam's disastrous chapter 10 is deliberately jarring. The Chronicler shows how quickly blessing can be lost through foolishness. Rehoboam travels to Shechem (a northern tribal center, not Jerusalem) for his coronation — already a concession suggesting the northern tribes' loyalty was conditional. The northern tribes' request was reasonable: ease the tax burden and forced labor that Solomon had imposed. The elder counselors advised servant-leadership: "If thou be kind to this people... they will be thy servants for ever" (v.7). But Rehoboam followed his peers' advice — arrogance replacing wisdom in a single generation. His threat of "scorpions" (multi-pronged whips) instead of relief demonstrated contempt for the people's suffering. The Chronicler notes the theological dimension: "the cause was of God" (v.15). God used Rehoboam's foolishness to fulfill Ahijah's prophecy to Jeroboam (1 Kings 11:29-39) — judgment for Solomon's idolatry. Human responsibility and divine sovereignty operate simultaneously: Rehoboam freely chose folly, yet God worked through that choice to accomplish His purposes.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: A coronation turned into a negotiation the moment Rehoboam arrives at Shechem instead of Jerusalem, two counsels offered, one treating loyalty as something bought with kindness and one escalating into a boast about scorpions, a narrator's own aside naming the cause of God behind a king's foolish choice, an old rebellion cry revived word for word, what portion have we in David, and a final miscalculation, sending the very officer over forced labor to collect it, ending in his death by stoning
The Petition at Shechem, and the Two Counsels (vv.1-11): Rehoboam goes to Shechem to be made king and is met with a negotiation instead of an acclamation. Jeroboam comes back from Egypt for it, and the request is economic, ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke, and we will serve thee. Rehoboam takes three days and asks twice. The old men who had stood before Solomon tell him to be kind to this people and please them, and they will be thy servants for ever, which treats loyalty as something bought with concession. The men he grew up with tell him to escalate, and give him the line he will use, my little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins.
The Rough Answer, and the Break (vv.12-19): He answers with the young men's words, and the Chronicler stops the narrative to say who is behind it, so the king hearkened not unto the people, for the cause was of God, that the LORD might perform his word which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam. The reply Israel gives is a formal renunciation, What portion have we in David, and none inheritance in the son of Jesse, every man to your tents, O Israel. Rehoboam's last miscalculation is to send Hadoram, who was over the levy, to collect it; he is stoned to death, and the king leaves for Jerusalem in a chariot. The division is stated as permanent, unto this day.

Map & Geography

  • Parallels 1-2 Kings but focuses exclusively on Judah (the southern kingdom). Jerusalem and the Temple are the theological center throughout.
  • Key locations include various battle sites, reform locations, and high places destroyed or rebuilt by successive kings.
  • The book ends with exile to Babylon (586 BC) and Cyrus's decree permitting return — the geographic arc moves from Jerusalem to Babylon and back.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Babylonnear Hillah, IraqOn the Euphrates about 55 miles south of modern Baghdad. Judah's exiles were marched roughly 900 miles to get here, the long way round the Arabian desert, which is why the journey took months and the return was a genuine undertaking rather than a short trip home. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the contrast between the elder counsel (servant- leadership secures loyalty) and the young men's counsel (power demands submission through force). He notes that Rehoboam's failure illustrates how quickly generational faithfulness can be lost.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

2 Chronicles 10 Summary: 5 Minute Bible Study
2BeLikeChrist

2 Chronicles 10-12 | The Kingdom Divides | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 2 Chronicles -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Servant Leadership Wins Lasting Loyalty (v.7) — The elder counselors urged Rehoboam that being kind to the people would make them loyal to him forever. Do you lead the people under your care, at home or at work, in a way that earns loyalty through kindness, or demands it through control?
  • The Voices You Listen To Shape Your Decisions (v.8) — Rehoboam set aside the wisdom of the elders and instead followed the advice of the young men he'd grown up with. Who are you actually taking counsel from when you face an important decision — proven wisdom, or comfortable familiarity?
  • Contempt Dressed Up As Strength (v.14) — Rehoboam answered the people's legitimate complaint with threats harsher than his father's, mistaking harshness for authority. When people raise real concerns with you, does your response come from strength, or from insecurity disguised as strength?
  • Human Choices and God's Purposes Can Move Together (v.15) — The text notes that Rehoboam's foolish decision was also of God, fulfilling an earlier prophecy, even though Rehoboam remained fully responsible for his own arrogance. Does recognizing God's sovereignty over painful situations ever tempt you to excuse your own poor choices within them?