2 Chronicles — Chapter 21

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1Now Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David. And Jehoram his son reigned in his stead.

2And he had brethren the sons of Jehoshaphat, Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Michael, and Shephatiah: all these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel.

3And their father gave them great gifts of silver, and of gold, and of precious things, with fenced cities in Judah: but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram; because he was the firstborn.

4Now when Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he strengthened himself, and slew all his brethren with the sword, and divers also of the princes of Israel.

5Jehoram was thirty and two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem.

6And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, like as did the house of Ahab: for he had the daughter of Ahab to wife: and he wrought that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD.

7Howbeit the LORD would not destroy the house of David, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a light to him and to his sons for ever.

8In his days the Edomites revolted from under the dominion of Judah, and made themselves a king.

9Then Jehoram went forth with his princes, and all his chariots with him: and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him in, and the captains of the chariots.

10So the Edomites revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day. The same time also did Libnah revolt from under his hand; because he had forsaken the LORD God of his fathers.

11Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to commit fornication, and compelled Judah thereto.

12And there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of David thy father, Because thou hast not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat thy father, nor in the ways of Asa king of Judah,

13But hast walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and hast made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to go a whoring, like to the whoredoms of the house of Ahab, and also hast slain thy brethren of thy father’s house, which were better than thyself:

14Behold, with a great plague will the LORD smite thy people, and thy children, and thy wives, and all thy goods:

15And thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy bowels fall out by reason of the sickness day by day.

16Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians:

17And they came up into Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all the substance that was found in the king’s house, and his sons also, and his wives; so that there was never a son left him, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.

18And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease.

19And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers.

20Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years, and departed without being desired. Howbeit they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings.

1And Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Jehoram his son reigned in his stead.

2And he had brethren, the sons of Jehoshaphat: Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Michael, and Shephatiah; all these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel.

3And their father gave them great gifts, of silver, and of gold, and of precious things, with fortified cities in Judah: but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram, because he was the first-born.

4Now when Jehoram was risen up over the kingdom of his father, and had strengthened himself, he slew all his brethren with the sword, and divers also of the princes of Israel.

5Jehoram was thirty and two years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem.

6And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did the house of Ahab; for he had the daughter of Ahab to wife: and he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah.

7Howbeit Jehovah would not destroy the house of David, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a lamp to him and to his children alway.

8In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.

9Then Jehoram passed over with his captains, and all his chariots with him: and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites that compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots.

10So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day: then did Libnah revolt at the same time from under his hand, because he had forsaken Jehovah, the God of his fathers.

11Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and made the inhabitants of Jerusalem to play the harlot, and led Judah astray.

12And there came a writing to him from Elijah the prophet, saying, Thus saith Jehovah, the God of David thy father, Because thou hast not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat thy father, nor in the ways of Asa king of Judah,

13but hast walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and hast made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to play the harlot, like as the house of Ahab did, and also hast slain thy brethren of thy father`s house, who were better than thyself:

14behold, Jehovah will smite with a great plague thy people, and thy children, and thy wives, and all thy substance;

15and thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy bowels fall out by reason of the sickness, day by day.

16And Jehovah stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians that are beside the Ethiopians:

17and they came up against Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all the substance that was found in the king`s house, and his sons also, and his wives; so that there was never a son left him, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.

18And after all this Jehovah smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease.

19And it came to pass, in process of time, at the end of two years, that his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness, and he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers.

20Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years: and he departed without being desired; and they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings.

1Jehoshaphat passed away and was buried with his ancestors in the City of David. His son Jehoram replaced him as king.

2His brothers, Jehoshaphat’s sons, were Azariah, Jechiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah. All these were sons of King Jehoshaphat of Israel.

3Their father gave them many presents, including silver, gold, and other precious items, along with fortified cities in Judah. But he gave the kingdom to Jehoram because he was the firstborn.

4Jehoram took control of his father’s kingdom and became powerful. Then he killed all his brothers, as well as some of the officials of Israel.

5Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned for eight years in Jerusalem.

6He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel, just as Ahab’s dynasty had done, for he married Ahab’s daughter. He did evil in the sight of the Lord.

7But the Lord was unwilling to destroy David’s dynasty because of the promise he had made to give David a perpetual dynasty.

8During Jehoram’s reign Edom freed themselves from Judah’s control and set up their own king.

9Jehoram crossed over with his officers and all his chariots. The Edomites, who had surrounded him, attacked at night and defeated him and his chariot officers.

10So Edom has remained free from Judah’s control to this very day. At that same time Libnah also rebelled and freed themselves from Judah’s control because Jehoram rejected the Lord God of his ancestors.

11He also built high places on the hills of Judah; he encouraged the residents of Jerusalem to be unfaithful to the Lord and led Judah away from the Lord.

12Jehoram received this letter from Elijah the prophet: “This is what the Lord God of your ancestor David says: ‘You have not followed in the footsteps of your father Jehoshaphat and of King Asa of Judah,

13but have instead followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel. You encouraged the people of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem to be unfaithful to the Lord, just as the family of Ahab does in Israel. You also killed your brothers, members of your father’s family, who were better than you.

14So look, the Lord is about to severely afflict your people, your sons, your wives, and all you own.

15And you will get a serious, chronic intestinal disease which will cause your intestines to come out.’”

16The Lord stirred up against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabs who lived beside the Cushites.

17They attacked Judah and swept through it. They carried off everything they found in the royal palace, including his sons and wives. None of his sons was left, except for his youngest, Ahaziah.

18After all this happened, the Lord afflicted him with an incurable intestinal disease.

19After about two years his intestines came out because of the disease, so that he died a very painful death. His people did not make a bonfire to honor him, as they had done for his ancestors.

20Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem. No one regretted his death; he was buried in the City of David, but not in the royal tombs.

1Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in David’s city, and Jehoram his son reigned in his place.

2He had brothers, the sons of Jehoshaphat: Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariah, Michael, and Shephatiah. All these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel.

3Their father gave them great gifts of silver, of gold, and of precious things, with fortified cities in Judah; but he gave the kingdom to Jehoram, because he was the firstborn.

4Now when Jehoram had risen up over the kingdom of his father, and had strengthened himself, he killed all his brothers with the sword, and also some of the princes of Israel.

5Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem.

6He walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did Ahab’s house; for he had Ahab’s daughter as his wife. He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight.

7However Yahweh would not destroy David’s house, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a lamp to him and to his children always.

8In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves.

9Then Jehoram went there with his captains and all his chariots with him. He rose up by night and struck the Edomites who surrounded him, along with the captains of the chariots.

10So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time from under his hand, because he had forsaken Yahweh, the God of his fathers.

11Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and made the inhabitants of Jerusalem play the prostitute, and led Judah astray.

12A letter came to him from Elijah the prophet, saying, “Yahweh, the God of David your father, says, ‘Because you have not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat your father, nor in the ways of Asa king of Judah,

13but have walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and have made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to play the prostitute like Ahab’s house did, and also have slain your brothers of your father’s house, who were better than yourself,

14behold, Yahweh will strike your people with a great plague, including your children, your wives, and all your posessions;

15and you will have great sickness with a disease of your bowels, until your bowels fall out by reason of the sickness, day by day.’”

16Yahweh stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians who are beside the Ethiopians;

17and they came up against Judah, broke into it, and carried away all the posessions that were found in the king’s house, including his sons and his wives; so that there was no son left him, except Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.

18After all this Yahweh struck him in his bowels with an incurable disease.

19In process of time, at the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness, and he died of severe diseases. His people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers.

20He was thirty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years. He departed without being missed; and they buried him in David’s city, but not in the tombs of the kings.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Jehoram kills all his brothers upon taking the throne and follows the wicked ways of Ahab's house through his wife Athaliah. God brings Philistine and Arabian invasions, and Jehoram dies of a horrible bowel disease, unmourned by his people.

Authorship & Background

Author: Traditionally attributed to Ezra the scribe. Originally one book with 1 Chronicles. Written post-exile (approximately 450-400 BC). 2 Chronicles covers Solomon's reign through the Babylonian exile and Cyrus's decree of return (approximately 970-538 BC). The Chronicler focuses exclusively on Judah (ignoring the northern kingdom) and emphasizes Temple worship, reform movements, and the principle of 2 Chronicles 7:14: "If my people... shall humble themselves, and pray... then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land."
Historical Context: Chapter 21 records the catastrophic reign of Jehoram (approximately 848-841 BC), Jehoshaphat's eldest son. The chapter demonstrates the devastating consequences of Jehoshaphat's marriage alliance with Ahab (2 Chronicles 18:1) — Jehoram married Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, and became entirely corrupted by the house of Ahab's influence. The parallel in 2 Kings 8:16-24 provides a shorter account; the Chronicler adds unique material, particularly Elijah's letter (vv.12-15) and the details of Jehoram's horrific death.
Jehoram's reign is characterized by wholesale apostasy and brutality. His first act was fratricide — murdering all six of his brothers and several princes to secure his throne (v.4). He then led Judah into the very idolatry his father and grandfather had worked to eradicate, establishing high places and compelling Jerusalem's inhabitants toward spiritual unfaithfulness (v.11). The consequences were swift and severe: Edom and Libnah revolted (vv.8-10), Philistines and Arabians invaded and carried off his possessions and most of his family (vv. 16-17), and finally an incurable bowel disease consumed him over two years (vv.18-19).
The chapter's most remarkable feature is Elijah's letter (vv.12-15) — the only recorded communication from the northern prophet to a southern king. Since Elijah was likely translated to heaven before or during Jehoram's reign, this letter may have been written prophetically in advance, or delivered early in Jehoram's reign before Elijah's departure. The letter is a formal prophetic indictment with specific judgments. The chapter concludes with one of Scripture's most poignant epitaphs: Jehoram "departed without being desired" (v.20, KJV) — no one mourned his death. He was buried in Jerusalem but denied the honor of the royal tombs. The Chronicler's theological point is stark: what Jehoshaphat built through decades of faithful reform, Jehoram destroyed in eight years through wicked alliance and personal apostasy. The sins of one generation's compromises become the next generation's character.

Map & Geography

  • Parallels 1-2 Kings but focuses exclusively on Judah (the southern kingdom). Jerusalem and the Temple are the theological center throughout.
  • Key locations include various battle sites, reform locations, and high places destroyed or rebuilt by successive kings.
  • The book ends with exile to Babylon (586 BC) and Cyrus's decree permitting return — the geographic arc moves from Jerusalem to Babylon and back.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the long-term consequences of Jehoshaphat's compromise: the marriage alliance with Ahab's house produced a son who walked in Ahab's ways and nearly extinguished the Davidic line. He notes the mercy of God in preserving one son (Jehoahaz/Ahaziah) and maintaining the covenant promise despite Jehoram's total apostasy. Guzik highlights that "departed without being desired" is the ultimate epitaph of a wicked life.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Here is the bitter fruit of a father's compromise. Jehoshaphat allied himself with Ahab, and his son married Ahab's daughter, and his grandson walked in Ahab's ways, and his dynasty was nearly destroyed by Ahab's granddaughter. One unequal yoke produced generations of sorrow. Yet mark the faithfulness of God — 'the LORD would not destroy the house of David.' Not for Jehoram's sake, not for Judah's sake, but for David's sake and for the covenant's sake, God preserved a lamp in Jerusalem. When man's wickedness reaches its zenith, God's faithfulness remains unchanged. The candle flickered, but it did not go out — for Christ was in that flame, and He cannot be extinguished."

Reflection

  • 1. Compromise today produces catastrophe tomorrow (vv.4-6). Jehoshaphat's marriage alliance with Ahab seemed politically wise at the time, but it produced a son who murdered his brothers and led Judah into apostasy. The compromises you make today — the alliances, the small concessions, the "harmless" partnerships with ungodliness — may not bear fruit until the next generation. What are you building into your children's future through your present associations?
  • 2. God's covenant faithfulness transcends human failure (v.7). Jehoram was horrifically wicked, yet God did not destroy David's line "because of the covenant." God's promises are not contingent on your performance. This is not permission to sin — Jehoram suffered terribly. But it is assurance that God's ultimate purposes cannot be thwarted by human rebellion. If you belong to God through Christ, His covenant holds even when you fail.
  • 3. Sin is never private (vv.11, 13). Jehoram didn't merely sin privately — he "made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to go a whoring" (v.13, KJV). Leadership sin contaminates those being led. If you hold any position of influence — parent, teacher, pastor, employer, friend — your spiritual choices affect those who follow you. Your compromise gives others permission to compromise.
  • 4. The legacy you leave matters more than the power you hold (v.20). Jehoram held royal power for eight years but left no legacy worth remembering. He "departed without being desired." What will be said at your funeral? Will people grieve your absence or feel relief? Legacy is not built by authority and achievement alone but by how you treat people and whether your life pointed others toward God.
  • 5. God warns before He judges (vv.12-15). Elijah's letter gave Jehoram explicit warning of what would happen — naming the specific judgments before they fell. God is not capricious; He warns, gives time for repentance, and only then executes judgment. If you sense God's conviction about something in your life, don't ignore it. The warning is mercy; the silence after ignored warnings is terrifying.