2 Chronicles — Chapter 4

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1Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof.

2Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.

3And under it was the similitude of oxen, which did compass it round about: ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about. Two rows of oxen were cast, when it was cast.

4It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward.

5And the thickness of it was an handbreadth, and the brim of it like the work of the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; and it received and held three thousand baths.

6He made also ten lavers, and put five on the right hand, and five on the left, to wash in them: such things as they offered for the burnt offering they washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to wash in.

7And he made ten candlesticks of gold according to their form, and set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left.

8He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. And he made an hundred basons of gold.

9Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass.

10And he set the sea on the right side of the east end, over against the south.

11And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basons. And Huram finished the work that he was to make for king Solomon for the house of God;

12To wit, the two pillars, and the pommels, and the chapiters which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were on the top of the pillars;

13And four hundred pomegranates on the two wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were upon the pillars.

14He made also bases, and lavers made he upon the bases;

15One sea, and twelve oxen under it.

16The pots also, and the shovels, and the fleshhooks, and all their instruments, did Huram his father make to king Solomon for the house of the LORD of bright brass.

17In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredathah.

18Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance: for the weight of the brass could not be found out.

19And Solomon made all the vessels that were for the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon the shewbread was set;

20Moreover the candlesticks with their lamps, that they should burn after the manner before the oracle, of pure gold;

21And the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, made he of gold, and that perfect gold;

22And the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers, of pure gold: and the entry of the house, the inner doors thereof for the most holy place, and the doors of the house of the temple, were of gold.

1Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof.

2Also he made the molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass; and the height thereof was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits compassed it round about.

3And under it was the likeness of oxen, which did compass it round about, for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about. The oxen were in two rows, cast when it was cast.

4It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set upon them above, and all their hinder parts were inward.

5And it was a handbreadth thick; and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily: it received and held three thousand baths.

6He made also ten lavers, and put five on the right hand, and five on the left, to wash in them; such things as belonged to the burnt-offering they washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to wash in.

7And he made the ten candlesticks of gold according to the ordinance concerning them; and he set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left.

8He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. And he made a hundred basins of gold.

9Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass.

10And he set the sea on the right side [of the house] eastward, toward the south.

11And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basins. So Huram made an end of doing the work that he wrought for king Solomon in the house of God:

12the two pillars, and the bowls, and the two capitals which were on the top of the pillars, and the two networks to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the top of the pillars,

13and the four hundred pomegranates for the two networks; two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were upon the pillars.

14He made also the bases, and the lavers made he upon the bases;

15one sea, and the twelve oxen under it.

16The pots also, and the shovels, and the flesh-hooks, and all the vessels thereof, did Huram his father make for king Solomon for the house of Jehovah of bright brass.

17In the plain of the Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredah.

18Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance: for the weight of the brass could not be found out.

19And Solomon made all the vessels that were in the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon was the showbread;

20and the candlesticks with their lamps, to burn according to the ordinance before the oracle, of pure gold;

21and the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold, and that perfect gold;

22and the snuffers, and the basins, and the spoons, and the firepans, of pure gold: and as for the entry of the house, the inner doors thereof for the most holy place, and the doors of the house, [to wit], of the temple, were of gold.

1He made a bronze altar, 30 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 15 feet high.

2He also made the big bronze basin called “The Sea.” It measured 15 feet from rim to rim, was circular in shape, and stood 7½ feet high. Its circumference was 45 feet.

3Images of bulls were under it all the way around, ten every 18 inches all the way around. The bulls were in two rows and had been cast with “The Sea.”

4“The Sea” stood on top of twelve bulls. Three faced northward, three westward, three southward, and three eastward. “The Sea” was placed on top of them, and they all faced outward.

5It was four fingers thick, and its rim was like that of a cup shaped like a lily blossom. It could hold 18,000 gallons.

6He made ten washing basins; he put five on the south side and five on the north side. In them they rinsed the items used for burnt sacrifices; the priests washed in “The Sea.”

7He made ten gold lampstands according to specifications and put them in the temple, five on the right and five on the left.

8He made ten tables and set them in the temple, five on the right and five on the left. He also made 100 gold bowls.

9He made the courtyard of the priests and the large enclosure and its doors; he plated their doors with bronze.

10He put “The Sea” on the south side, in the southeast corner.

11Huram Abi made the pots, shovels, and bowls. He finished all the work on God’s temple he had been assigned by King Solomon.

12He made the two pillars, the two bowl-shaped tops of the pillars, the latticework for the bowl-shaped tops of the two pillars,

13the 400 pomegranate-shaped ornaments for the latticework of the two pillars (each latticework had two rows of these ornaments at the bowl-shaped top of the pillar),

14the ten movable stands with their ten basins,

15the big bronze basin called “The Sea” with its twelve bulls underneath,

16and the pots, shovels, and meat forks. All the items King Solomon assigned Huram Abi to make for the Lord’s temple were made from polished bronze.

17The king had them cast in earth foundries in the region of the Jordan between Sukkoth and Zarethan.

18Solomon made so many of these items they did not weigh the bronze.

19Solomon also made these items for God’s temple: the gold altar, the tables on which the Bread of the Presence was kept,

20the pure gold lampstands and their lamps which burned as specified at the entrance to the inner sanctuary,

21the pure gold flower-shaped ornaments, lamps, and tongs,

22the pure gold trimming shears, basins, pans, and censers, and the gold door sockets for the inner sanctuary (the Most Holy Place) and for the doors of the main hall of the temple.

1Then he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and ten cubits high.

2Also he made the molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim. It was round, five cubits high, and thirty cubits in circumference.

3Under it was the likeness of oxen, which encircled it, for ten cubits, encircling the sea. The oxen were in two rows, cast when it was cast.

4It stood on twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; and the sea was set on them above, and all their hindquarters were inward.

5It was a handbreadth thick; and its brim was made like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily. It received and held three thousand baths.

6He also made ten basins, and put five on the right hand, and five on the left, to wash in them. The things that belonged to the burnt offering were washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to wash in.

7He made the ten lamp stands of gold according to the ordinance concerning them; and he set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left.

8He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. He made one hundred basins of gold.

9Furthermore he made the court of the priests, the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid their doors with brass.

10He set the sea on the right side of the house eastward, toward the south.

11Huram made the pots, the shovels, and the basins. So Huram finished doing the work that he did for king Solomon in God’s house:

12the two pillars, the bowls, the two capitals which were on the top of the pillars, the two networks to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the top of the pillars,

13and the four hundred pomegranates for the two networks; two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the pillars.

14He also made the bases, and he made the basins on the bases;

15one sea, and the twelve oxen under it.

16Huram his father also made the pots, the shovels, the forks, and all its vessels for king Solomon, for Yahweh’s house, of bright brass.

17The king cast them in the plain of the Jordan, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredah.

18Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance; for the weight of the brass could not be determined.

19Solomon made all the vessels that were in God’s house, the golden altar also, and the tables with the show bread on them;

20and the lamp stands with their lamps, to burn according to the ordinance before the inner sanctuary, of pure gold;

21and the flowers, the lamps, and the tongs of gold that was perfect gold;

22and the snuffers, the basins, the spoons, and the fire pans of pure gold. As for the entry of the house, its inner doors for the most holy place and the doors of the main hall of the temple were of gold.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

The furnishings of the Temple are constructed: the bronze altar, the molten sea, ten lavers, ten golden lampstands, ten tables, and the courts. Every item is crafted with precision for the worship of God.

Authorship & Background

Author: Traditionally attributed to Ezra the scribe. Originally one book with 1 Chronicles. Written post-exile (approximately 450-400 BC). 2 Chronicles covers Solomon's reign through the Babylonian exile and Cyrus's decree of return (approximately 970-538 BC). The Chronicler focuses exclusively on Judah (ignoring the northern kingdom) and emphasizes Temple worship, reform movements, and the principle of 2 Chronicles 7:14: "If my people... shall humble themselves, and pray... then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land."
Historical Context: Chapter 4 catalogs the furnishings of Solomon's Temple — the sacred objects that made worship possible. While modern readers may find such inventory lists tedious, for the Chronicler's audience these details were of intense practical and theological interest. The post-exilic community had rebuilt the Temple (516 BC), and this chapter provided the divine pattern for proper furnishing. Every item served a specific liturgical function: the bronze altar for sacrifice, the molten sea for priestly purification, the ten lavers for washing sacrificial portions, the lampstands for continuous light, the tables for the bread of the Presence, and the golden altar for incense. The scale is overwhelming — ten lampstands where the Tabernacle had one, ten tables where the Tabernacle had one, a bronze sea holding 3,000 baths (approximately 17,500 gallons) where the Tabernacle had a simple laver. Everything was multiplied, expanded, glorified — yet each item maintained the original Mosaic pattern in form, only increased in number and magnificence.
The bronze altar (20x20x10 cubits, approximately 30x30x15 feet) was far larger than Moses' altar, reflecting the scale of national worship. The molten sea — a massive bronze basin on twelve bronze oxen facing the four compass directions — served priestly purification. The twelve oxen likely symbolize the twelve tribes bearing the cleansing provision for the priesthood. The quantity of bronze was so vast that "the weight could not be found out" (v.18) — it was beyond calculation. All casting was done in the Jordan plain between Succoth and Zeredah, where the clay soil provided ideal molds. The chapter moves from bronze (outer court) to gold (inner sanctuary), reflecting increasing holiness as one approaches God's presence. The final verses list golden objects: altar, tables, lampstands, tongs, snuffers, basins — everything touching the inner sanctuary was pure gold, "perfect gold" (v.21 KJV).

Map & Geography

  • Parallels 1-2 Kings but focuses exclusively on Judah (the southern kingdom). Jerusalem and the Temple are the theological center throughout.
  • Key locations include various battle sites, reform locations, and high places destroyed or rebuilt by successive kings.
  • The book ends with exile to Babylon (586 BC) and Cyrus's decree permitting return — the geographic arc moves from Jerusalem to Babylon and back.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes the progression from bronze (outer court, representing judgment) to gold (inner sanctuary, representing divine glory) and how every furnishing served a specific theological function in Israel's approach to God. The abundance of provision demonstrates that God's worship deserves the best of human creativity and resource.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Consider the altar — vast, bronze, fiery, and central. Without it, nothing else in the Temple functions. The lampstands may shine, the bread may be set in order, the incense may ascend — but if there is no altar, there is no approach to God. Christ is our altar. Without His sacrifice, all other religious exercise is empty ceremony. And mark: even the weight of bronze could not be determined. So the riches of Christ's sacrifice are past finding out. You will never exhaust the merit of Calvary. The cross holds more provision than all your sin could ever require."

Reflection

  • 1. Sacrifice must precede everything else (v.1). The altar is the first item listed — nothing else in the Temple functions without it. In your spiritual life, the cross of Christ must be central. All prayer, worship, service, and fellowship flow from the accomplished sacrifice of Jesus. Never move past the altar in your approach to God.
  • 2. Both the offering and the offerer need cleansing (v.6). The lavers washed the sacrifices; the sea washed the priests. Before you can serve God (priest) and before your service can be acceptable (offering), purification is needed. Come to God regularly for cleansing — not just at conversion but daily, before every act of service.
  • 3. God's provision for worship is abundant, not minimal (v.18). The bronze was beyond weighing — provision exceeded calculation. God does not supply His work with bare minimum resources. He is lavish. When you give to God's purposes, let your giving reflect His character: generous, abundant, overflowing rather than reluctant and calculated.
  • 4. Increasing holiness requires increasing purity (vv.19-22). Bronze in the outer court, gold in the Holy Place, "perfect gold" in the Most Holy Place. The closer to God's presence, the purer the materials. As you grow in intimacy with God, He refines you more thoroughly. Greater access to God's presence requires greater purification of heart and life.
  • 5. Every detail serves a purpose (vv.1-22). No furnishing was decorative only — each served a function in Israel's worship. The altar enabled sacrifice; the sea enabled cleansing; the lamps enabled sight; the tables enabled fellowship; the incense altar enabled prayer. In God's economy, form always serves function. Every element of your worship life should have spiritual purpose, not mere tradition.