2 Chronicles — Chapter 23

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1Then in the seventh year, Jehoiada strengthened himself and made a covenant with the commanders of hundreds—with Azariah son of Jeroham, Ishmael son of Jehohanan, Azariah son of Obed, Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat son of Zichri.

2So they went throughout Judah and gathered the Levites from all the cities of Judah and the heads of the families of Israel. And when they came to Jerusalem,

3the whole assembly made a covenant with the king in the house of God. “Behold, the king’s son!” said Jehoiada. “He must reign, just as the LORD promised concerning the descendants of David.

4This is what you are to do: A third of you priests and Levites who come on duty on the Sabbath shall keep watch at the doors,

5a third shall be at the royal palace, and a third at the Foundation Gate, while all the others are to be in the courtyards of the house of the LORD.

6No one is to enter the house of the LORD except the priests and those Levites who serve; they may enter because they are consecrated, but all the people are to obey the requirement of the LORD.

7The Levites must surround the king with weapons in hand, and anyone who enters the temple must be put to death. You must stay close to the king wherever he goes.”

8So the Levites and all Judah did everything that Jehoiada the priest had ordered. Each of them took his men—those coming on duty on the Sabbath and those going off duty—for Jehoiada the priest had not released any of the divisions.

9Then Jehoiada the priest gave to the commanders of hundreds the spears and the large and small shields of King David that were in the house of God.

10He stationed all the troops, with their weapons in hand, surrounding the king by the altar and the temple, from the south side to the north side of the temple.

11Then Jehoiada and his sons brought out the king’s son, put the crown on him, presented him with the Testimony, and proclaimed him king. They anointed him and shouted, “Long live the king!”

12When Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and cheering the king, she went out to them in the house of the LORD.

13And she looked and saw the king standing by his pillar at the entrance. The officers and trumpeters were beside the king, and all the people of the land were rejoicing and blowing trumpets, while the singers with musical instruments were leading the praises. Then Athaliah tore her clothes and screamed, “Treason, treason!”

14And Jehoiada the priest sent out the commanders of hundreds in charge of the army, saying, “Bring her out between the ranks, and put to the sword anyone who follows her.” For the priest had said, “She must not be put to death in the house of the LORD.”

15So they seized Athaliah as she reached the entrance of the Horse Gate on the palace grounds, and there they put her to death.

16Then Jehoiada made a covenant between himself and the king and the people that they would be the LORD’s people.

17So all the people went to the temple of Baal and tore it down. They smashed the altars and idols to pieces and killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altars.

18Moreover, Jehoiada put the oversight of the house of the LORD into the hands of the Levitical priests, whom David had appointed over the house of the LORD, to offer burnt offerings to the LORD as written in the Law of Moses, with rejoicing and song, as ordained by David.

19He stationed gatekeepers at the gates of the house of the LORD, so that no one who was in any way unclean could enter.

20And he took with him the commanders of hundreds, the nobles, the rulers of the people, and all the people of the land, and they brought the king down from the house of the LORD and entered the royal palace through the Upper Gate. They seated King Joash on the royal throne,

21and all the people of the land rejoiced. And the city was quiet, because Athaliah had been put to the sword.

1And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him.

2And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem.

3And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king’s son shall reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David.

4This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you entering on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the doors;

5And a third part shall be at the king’s house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD.

6But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in, for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD.

7And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the house, he shall be put to death: but be ye with the king when he cometh in, and when he goeth out.

8So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest had commanded, and took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that were to go out on the sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses.

9Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David’s, which were in the house of God.

10And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about.

11Then they brought out the king’s son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said, God save the king.

12Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD:

13And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason.

14Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the ranges: and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest said, Slay her not in the house of the LORD.

15So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king’s house, they slew her there.

16And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD’S people.

17Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars.

18Also Jehoiada appointed the offices of the house of the LORD by the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it was ordained by David.

19And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in.

20And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the high gate into the king’s house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom.

21And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword.

1And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him.

2And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the heads of fathers` [houses] of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem.

3And all the assembly made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king`s son shall reign, as Jehovah hath spoken concerning the sons of David.

4This is the thing that ye shall do: a third part of you, that come in on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the thresholds;

5and a third part shall be at the king`s house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of Jehovah.

6But let none come into the house of Jehovah, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall come in, for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the charge of Jehovah.

7And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever cometh into the house, let him be slain: and be ye with the king when he cometh in, and when he goeth out.

8So the Levites and all Judah did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded: and they took every man his men, those that were to come in on the sabbath; with those that were to go out on the sabbath; for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses.

9And Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds the spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David`s, which were in the house of God.

10And he set all the people, every man with his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, along by the altar and the house, by the king round about.

11Then they brought out the king`s son, and put the crown upon him, and [gave him] the testimony, and made him king: and Jehoiada and his sons anointed him; and they said, [Long] live the king.

12And when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of Jehovah:

13and she looked, and, behold, the king stood by his pillar at the entrance, and the captains and the trumpets by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets; the singers also [played] on instruments of music, and led the singing of praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason! treason!

14And Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth between the ranks; and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword: for the priest said, Slay her not in the house of Jehovah.

15So they made way for her; and she went to the entrance of the horse gate to the king`s house: and they slew her there.

16And Jehoiada made a covenant between himself, and all the people, and the king, that they should be Jehovah`s people.

17And all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars.

18And Jehoiada appointed the officers of the house of Jehovah under the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of Jehovah, to offer the burnt-offerings of Jehovah, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, according to the order of David.

19And he set the porters at the gates of the house of Jehovah, that none that was unclean in anything should enter in.

20And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of Jehovah: and they came through the upper gate unto the king`s house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom.

21So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet. And Athaliah they had slain with the sword.

1In the seventh year Jehoiada made a bold move. He made a pact with the officers of the units of hundreds: Azariah son of Jehoram, Ishmael son of Jehochanan, Azariah son of Obed, Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat son of Zikri.

2They traveled throughout Judah and assembled the Levites from all the cities of Judah, as well as the Israelite family leaders.They came to Jerusalem,

3and the whole assembly made a covenant with the king in the temple of God. Jehoiada said to them, “The king’s son will rule, just as the Lord promised David’s descendants.

4This is what you must do. One-third of you priests and Levites who are on duty during the Sabbath will guard the doors.

5Another third of you will be stationed at the royal palace and still another third at the Foundation Gate. All the others will stand in the courtyards of the Lord’s temple.

6No one must enter the Lord’s temple except the priests and Levites who are on duty. They may enter because they are ceremonially pure. All the others should carry out their assigned service to the Lord.

7The Levites must surround the king. Each of you must hold his weapon in his hand. Whoever tries to enter the temple must be killed. You must accompany the king wherever he goes.”

8The Levites and all the men of Judah did just as Jehoiada the priest ordered. Each of them took his men, those who were on duty during the Sabbath as well as those who were off duty on the Sabbath. Jehoiada the priest did not release his divisions from their duties.

9Jehoiada the priest gave to the officers of the units of hundreds King David’s spears and shields that were kept in God’s temple.

10He placed the men at their posts, each holding his weapon in his hand. They lined up from the south side of the temple to the north side and stood near the altar and the temple, surrounding the king.

11Jehoiada and his sons led out the king’s son and placed on him the crown and the royal insignia. They proclaimed him king and poured olive oil on his head. They declared, “Long live the king!”

12When Athaliah heard the royal guard shouting and praising the king, she joined the crowd at the Lord’s temple.

13Then she saw the king standing by his pillar at the entrance. The officers and trumpeters stood beside the king and all the people of the land were celebrating and blowing trumpets, and the musicians with various instruments were leading the celebration. Athaliah tore her clothes and yelled, “Treason! Treason!”

14Jehoiada the priest sent out the officers of the units of hundreds, who were in charge of the army, and ordered them, “Bring her outside the temple to the guards. Put the sword to anyone who follows her.” The priest gave this order because he had decided she should not be executed in the Lord’s temple.

15They seized her and took her into the precincts of the royal palace through the horses’ entrance. There they executed her.

16Jehoiada then drew up a covenant stipulating that he, all the people, and the king should be loyal to the Lord.

17All the people went and demolished the temple of Baal. They smashed its altars and idols. They killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altars.

18Jehoiada then assigned the duties of the Lord’s temple to the priests, the Levites whom David had assigned to the Lord’s temple. They were responsible for offering burnt sacrifices to the Lord with joy and music, according to the law of Moses and the edict of David.

19He posted guards at the gates of the Lord’s temple, so no one who was ceremonially unclean in any way could enter.

20He summoned the officers of the units of hundreds, the nobles, the rulers of the people, and all the people of the land, and he then led the king down from the Lord’s temple. They entered the royal palace through the Upper Gate and seated the king on the royal throne.

21All the people of the land celebrated, for the city had rest now that they had killed Athaliah.

1In the seventh year, Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, Azariah the son of Obed, Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into a covenant with him.

2They went around in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the heads of fathers’ households of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem.

3All the assembly made a covenant with the king in God’s house. He said to them, “Behold, the king’s son must reign, as Yahweh has spoken concerning the sons of David.

4This is the thing that you must do. A third part of you, who come in on the Sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be gatekeepers of the thresholds.

5A third part shall be at the king’s house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation. All the people will be in the courts of Yahweh’s house.

6But let no one come into Yahweh’s house, except the priests and those who minister of the Levites. They shall come in, for they are holy, but all the people shall follow Yahweh’s instructions.

7The Levites shall surround the king, every man with his weapons in his hand. Whoever comes into the house, let him be slain. Be with the king when he comes in, and when he goes out.”

8So the Levites and all Judah did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded: and they each took his men, those who were to come in on the Sabbath; with those who were to go out on the Sabbath; for Jehoiada the priest didn’t dismiss the shift.

9Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds the spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David’s, which were in God’s house.

10He set all the people, every man with his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, near the altar and the house, around the king.

11Then they brought out the king’s son, and put the crown on him, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and they said, “Long live the king!”

12When Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into Yahweh’s house.

13Then she looked, and, behold, the king stood by his pillar at the entrance, and the captains and the trumpets by the king. All the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets. The singers also played musical instruments, and led the singing of praise. Then Athaliah tore her clothes, and said, “Treason! treason!”

14Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds who were set over the army, and said to them, “Bring her out between the ranks; and whoever follows her, let him be slain with the sword.” For the priest said, “Don’t kill her in Yahweh’s house.”

15So they made way for her. She went to the entrance of the horse gate to the king’s house; and they killed her there.

16Jehoiada made a covenant between himself, all the people, and the king, that they should be Yahweh’s people.

17All the people went to the house of Baal, broke it down, broke his altars and his images in pieces, and killed Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars.

18Jehoiada appointed the officers of Yahweh’s house under the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in Yahweh’s house, to offer the burnt offerings of Yahweh, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as David had ordered.

19He set the gatekeepers at the gates of Yahweh’s house, that no one who was unclean in anything should enter in.

20He took the captains of hundreds, the nobles, the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought the king down from Yahweh’s house. They came through the upper gate to the king’s house, and set the king on the throne of the kingdom.

21So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet. They had slain Athaliah with the sword.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

In the seventh year of Athaliah's usurped reign, the priest Jehoiada makes a covenant with military commanders and gathers the Levites and family heads to Jerusalem to install the hidden young Joash as king (vv. 1-3). He organizes guards throughout the temple and palace, arms them with David's old weapons, and presents Joash publicly, anointing him and crowning him as the people acclaim their new king (vv. 4-11). When Athaliah hears the commotion and rushes to the temple crying treason, Jehoiada has her led out and executed away from the sanctuary (v. 15). He then renews the covenant between the Lord, the king, and the people, and the crowd tears down the temple of Baal and kills its priest (vv. 16-17). Jehoiada restores proper Levitical worship and gatekeeping, and Joash is enthroned amid citywide rejoicing and quiet (vv. 18-21).

Authorship & Background

Author: Traditionally attributed to Ezra the scribe. Originally one book with 1 Chronicles. Written post-exile (approximately 450-400 BC). 2 Chronicles covers Solomon's reign through the Babylonian exile and Cyrus's decree of return (approximately 970-538 BC). The Chronicler focuses exclusively on Judah (ignoring the northern kingdom) and emphasizes Temple worship, reform movements, and the principle of 2 Chronicles 7:14: "If my people... shall humble themselves, and pray... then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land."
Historical Context: Chapter 23 records one of the most dramatic moments in Judah's history — the overthrow of Queen Athaliah and the coronation of seven-year-old Joash. Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, had seized the throne by massacring the royal seed of David (22:10). For six years she ruled, attempting to extinguish the Davidic line and impose Baal worship on Judah. Unknown to her, the infant Joash had been hidden in the Temple by his aunt Jehoshabeath and her husband Jehoiada the priest (22:11-12). This preservation was no mere human scheme — it was God's faithfulness to His covenant promise that David's line would never fail (2 Samuel 7:12-16).
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: An operation described as a national religious assembly here rather than the palace-guard coup of the parallel account in Kings, a covenant cited before any action is taken, the king's son shall reign as the LORD hath said of the sons of David, Athaliah's own cry, treason, treason, naming exactly what she herself had committed six years earlier, an execution carried out deliberately outside the temple to keep the sanctuary unstained by her blood, and reconstruction on three fronts at once, covenant, the house of Baal torn down, and the temple offices restored
The Covenant with the Captains, and the Crowning in the Temple (vv.1-11): In the seventh year Jehoiada moves, and Chronicles describes the operation differently from 2 Kings 11. Kings has a palace-guard coup. Here the five captains of hundreds are brought into covenant and then sent round the cities of Judah to gather the Levites and the chief of the fathers, so what assembles in Jerusalem is a national religious body, and the agreement it makes cites the promise, behold, the king's son shall reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David. The deployment is by priestly courses, with porters at the doors and a rule enforced throughout, none to come into the house of the LORD but the priests and the ministering Levites, for they are holy. Then the crown is put on the boy, the testimony given into his hand, and the shout, God save the king.
Athaliah's Cry, and the Covenant Renewed (vv.12-21): Athaliah hears the noise, comes into the house of the LORD, sees the king standing by his pillar with the captains and the trumpeters and the singers, and calls it what it is from where she stands, Treason, treason. Jehoiada's order is careful about place, take her out of the ranges, and she is killed at the entering of the horse gate rather than in the temple. What follows is reconstruction on three fronts. A covenant that the king and the people should be the LORD's people. The house of Baal pulled down, its altars and images broken and its priest killed before them. And the offices of the house of the LORD restored to the priests and Levites as it is written in the law of Moses, with porters set at the gates. The chapter ends on the result rather than the drama, all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet.

Map & Geography

  • Parallels 1-2 Kings but focuses exclusively on Judah (the southern kingdom). Jerusalem and the Temple are the theological center throughout.
  • Key locations include various battle sites, reform locations, and high places destroyed or rebuilt by successive kings.
  • The book ends with exile to Babylon (586 BC) and Cyrus's decree permitting return — the geographic arc moves from Jerusalem to Babylon and back.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Babylonnear Hillah, IraqOn the Euphrates about 55 miles south of modern Baghdad. Judah's exiles were marched roughly 900 miles to get here, the long way round the Arabian desert, which is why the journey took months and the return was a genuine undertaking rather than a short trip home. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes Jehoiada's courage and careful planning — he did not act rashly but waited seven years for the right moment. The priest's leadership demonstrates that spiritual leaders sometimes must act decisively against entrenched evil. Guzik notes the significance of using David's own weapons from the Temple armory — the revolution was equipped from God's house with God's stored provision.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

2 Chronicles 23 Summary: 5 Minute Bible Study
2BeLikeChrist

2 Chronicles 23-24 | The King and His Priest | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 2 Chronicles -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Courage as a Deliberate Choice (v.1) — After six years of watching evil reign, Jehoiada finally strengthens himself and acts, showing that courage was a decision, not a feeling that arrived on its own. What is God calling you to act on that you keep waiting to feel ready for?
  • Trusting a Promise Through a Long Delay (v.3) — The assembly commits to crowning the rightful heir just as the Lord had said, resting on a promise that had seemed impossible for six hidden years. Is there a promise from God you're still holding onto even though its fulfillment has been long delayed?
  • Authority Given Alongside Accountability (v.11) — Young Joash receives the crown and the covenant testimony together, showing that his rule was meant to be governed by God's word, not his own will. In whatever authority you hold, are you submitting it to something higher than your own judgment?
  • Recommitting as God's People (v.16) — Jehoiada leads king and people in a fresh covenant to belong to the Lord, not simply celebrating a political victory. After a season of change or deliverance in your life, do you follow it with a real recommitment to God, or just relief that the crisis passed?
  • Peace Follows the Removal of What's Wrong (v.21) — The city grows quiet only after the idolatry and the usurper are decisively dealt with, not merely managed around. Is there a compromise you're tolerating for the sake of quiet that's actually keeping you from real peace?