2 Chronicles — Chapter 28

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1Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: but he did not that which was right in the sight of the LORD, like David his father:

2For he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim.

3Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel.

4He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

5Wherefore the LORD his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria; and they smote him, and carried away a great multitude of them captives, and brought them to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who smote him with a great slaughter.

6For Pekah the son of Remaliah slew in Judah an hundred and twenty thousand in one day, which were all valiant men; because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers.

7And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the king’s son, and Azrikam the governor of the house, and Elkanah that was next to the king.

8And the children of Israel carried away captive of their brethren two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away much spoil from them, and brought the spoil to Samaria.

9But a prophet of the LORD was there, whose name was Oded: and he went out before the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, Behold, because the LORD God of your fathers was wroth with Judah, he hath delivered them into your hand, and ye have slain them in a rage that reacheth up unto heaven.

10And now ye purpose to keep under the children of Judah and Jerusalem for bondmen and bondwomen unto you: but are there not with you, even with you, sins against the LORD your God?

11Now hear me therefore, and deliver the captives again, which ye have taken captive of your brethren: for the fierce wrath of the LORD is upon you.

12Then certain of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, and Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against them that came from the war,

13And said unto them, Ye shall not bring in the captives hither: for whereas we have offended against the LORD already, ye intend to add more to our sins and to our trespass: for our trespass is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel.

14So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.

15And the men which were expressed by name rose up, and took the captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, and arrayed them, and shod them, and gave them to eat and to drink, and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon asses, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brethren: then they returned to Samaria.

16At that time did king Ahaz send unto the kings of Assyria to help him.

17For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and carried away captives.

18The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the low country, and of the south of Judah, and had taken Beth-shemesh, and Ajalon, and Gederoth, and Shocho with the villages thereof, and Timnah with the villages thereof, Gimzo also and the villages thereof: and they dwelt there.

19For the LORD brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; for he made Judah naked, and transgressed sore against the LORD.

20And Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria came unto him, and distressed him, but strengthened him not.

21For Ahaz took away a portion out of the house of the LORD, and out of the house of the king, and of the princes, and gave it unto the king of Assyria: but he helped him not.

22And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz.

23For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.

24And Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of the LORD, and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem.

25And in every several city of Judah he made high places to burn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the LORD God of his fathers.

26Now the rest of his acts and of all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.

27And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.

1Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: and he did not that which was right in the eyes of Jehovah, like David his father;

2but he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for the Baalim.

3Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, according to the abominations of the nations whom Jehovah cast out before the children of Israel.

4And he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

5Wherefore Jehovah his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria; and they smote him, and carried away of his a great multitude of captives, and brought them to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who smote him with a great slaughter.

6For Pekah the son of Remaliah slew in Judah a hundred and twenty thousand in one day, all of them valiant men; because they had forsaken Jehovah, the God of their fathers.

7And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the king`s son, and Azrikam the ruler of the house, and Elkanah that was next to the king.

8And the children of Israel carried away captive of their brethren two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away much spoil from them, and brought the spoil to Samaria.

9But a prophet of Jehovah was there, whose name was Oded: and he went out to meet the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, Behold, because Jehovah, the God of your fathers, was wroth with Judah, he hath delivered them into your hand, and ye have slain them in a rage which hath reached up to heaven.

10And now ye purpose to keep under the children of Judah and Jerusalem for bondmen and bondwomen unto you: [but] are there not even with you trespasses of your own against Jehovah your God?

11Now hear me therefore, and send back the captives, that ye have taken captive of your brethren; for the fierce wrath of Jehovah is upon you.

12Then certain of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, and Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against them that came from the war,

13and said unto them, Ye shall not bring in the captives hither: for ye purpose that which will bring upon us a trespass against Jehovah, to add unto our sins and to our trespass; for our trespass is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel.

14So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the assembly.

15And the men that have been mentioned by name rose up, and took the captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, and arrayed them, and shod them, and gave them to eat and to drink, and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon asses, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm-trees, unto their brethren: then they returned to Samaria.

16At that time did king Ahaz send unto the kings of Assyria to help him.

17For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and carried away captives.

18The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the lowland, and of the South of Judah, and had taken Beth-shemesh, and Aijalon, and Gederoth, and Soco with the towns thereof, and Timnah with the towns thereof, Gimzo also and the towns thereof: and they dwelt there.

19For Jehovah brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; for he had dealt wantonly in Judah, and trespassed sore against Jehovah.

20And Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria came unto him, and distressed him, but strengthened him not.

21For Ahaz took away a portion out of the house of Jehovah, and out of the house of the king and of the princes, and gave it unto the king of Assyria: but it helped him not.

22And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against Jehovah, this same king Ahaz.

23For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him; and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, [therefore] will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.

24And Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of Jehovah; and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem.

25And in every city of Judah he made high places to burn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger Jehovah, the God of his fathers.

26Now the rest of his acts, and all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.

27And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem; for they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.

1Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not do what pleased the Lord, in contrast to his ancestor David.

2He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel; he also made images of the Baals.

3He offered sacrifices in the Valley of Ben Hinnom and passed his sons through the fire, a horrible sin practiced by the nations whom the Lord drove out before the Israelites.

4He offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.

5The Lord his God handed him over to the king of Syria. The Syrians defeated him and deported many captives to Damascus. He was also handed over to the king of Israel, who thoroughly defeated him.

6In one day Pekah son of Remaliah killed 120,000 warriors in Judah because they had abandoned the Lord God of their ancestors.

7Zikri, an Ephraimite warrior, killed the king’s son Maaseiah, Azrikam, the supervisor of the palace, and Elkanah, the king’s second-in-command.

8The Israelites seized from their brothers 200,000 wives, sons, and daughters. They also carried off a huge amount of plunder and took it back to Samaria.

9Oded, a prophet of the Lord, was there. He went to meet the army as they arrived in Samaria and said to them: “Look, because the Lord God of your ancestors was angry with Judah, he handed them over to you. You have killed them so mercilessly that God has taken notice.

10And now you are planning to enslave the people of Judah and Jerusalem. Yet are you not also guilty before the Lord your God?

11Now listen to me! Send back those you have seized from your brothers, for the Lord is very angry at you!”

12So some of the Ephraimite family leaders, Azariah son of Jehochanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, Jechizkiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai confronted those returning from the battle.

13They said to them, “Don’t bring those captives here! Are you planning on making us even more sinful and guilty before the Lord? Our guilt is already great, and the Lord is very angry at Israel.”

14So the soldiers released the captives and the plunder before the officials and the entire assembly.

15Men were assigned to take the prisoners and find clothes among the plunder for those who were naked. So they clothed them, supplied them with sandals, gave them food and drink, and provided them with oil to rub on their skin. They put the ones who couldn’t walk on donkeys. They brought them back to their brothers at Jericho, the city of date palm trees, and then returned to Samaria.

16At that time King Ahaz asked the king of Assyria for help.

17The Edomites had again invaded and defeated Judah and carried off captives.

18The Philistines had raided the cities of Judah in the foothills and the Negev. They captured and settled in Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco and its surrounding villages, Timnah and its surrounding villages, and Gimzo and its surrounding villages.

19The Lord humiliated Judah because of King Ahaz of Israel, for he encouraged Judah to sin and was very unfaithful to the Lord.

20King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria came, but he gave him more trouble than support.

21Ahaz gathered riches from the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and the officials and gave them to the king of Assyria, but that did not help.

22During his time of trouble King Ahaz was even more unfaithful to the Lord.

23He offered sacrifices to the gods of Damascus whom he thought had defeated him. He reasoned, “Since the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, I will sacrifice to them so they will help me.” But they caused him and all Israel to stumble.

24Ahaz gathered the items in God’s temple and removed them. He shut the doors of the Lord’s temple and erected altars on every street corner in Jerusalem.

25In every city throughout Judah he set up high places to offer sacrifices to other gods. He angered the Lord God of his ancestors.

26The rest of the events of Ahaz’s reign, including his accomplishments from start to finish, are recorded in the Scroll of the Kings of Judah and Israel.

27Ahaz passed away and was buried in the city of Jerusalem; they did not bring him to the tombs of the kings of Israel. His son Hezekiah replaced him as king.

1Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. He didn’t do that which was right in Yahweh’s eyes, like David his father,

2but he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and also made molten images for the Baals.

3Moreover he burned incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burned his children in the fire, according to the abominations of the nations whom Yahweh cast out before the children of Israel.

4He sacrificed and burned incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

5Therefore Yahweh his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria. They struck him, and carried away from him a great multitude of captives, and brought them to Damascus. He was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who struck him with a great slaughter.

6For Pekah the son of Remaliah killed in Judah one hundred twenty thousand in one day, all of them valiant men, because they had forsaken Yahweh, the God of their fathers.

7Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king’s son, Azrikam the ruler of the house, and Elkanah who was next to the king.

8The children of Israel carried away captive of their brothers two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away much plunder from them, and brought the plunder to Samaria.

9But a prophet of Yahweh was there, whose name was Oded; and he went out to meet the army that came to Samaria, and said to them, “Behold, because Yahweh, the God of your fathers, was angry with Judah, he has delivered them into your hand, and you have slain them in a rage which has reached up to heaven.

10Now you intend to degrade the children of Judah and Jerusalem as male and female slaves for yourselves. Aren’t there even with you trespasses of your own against Yahweh your God?

11Now hear me therefore, and send back the captives that you have taken captive from your brothers, for the fierce wrath of Yahweh is on you.”

12Then some of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against those who came from the war,

13and said to them, “You must not bring in the captives here, for you intend that which will bring on us a trespass against Yahweh, to add to our sins and to our guilt; for our guilt is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel.”

14So the armed men left the captives and the plunder before the princes and all the assembly.

15The men who have been mentioned by name rose up and took the captives, and with the plunder clothed all who were naked among them, dressed them, gave them sandals, and gave them something to eat and to drink, anointed them, carried all the feeble of them on donkeys, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brothers. Then they returned to Samaria.

16At that time king Ahaz sent to the kings of Assyria to help him.

17For again the Edomites had come and struck Judah, and carried away captives.

18The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the lowland, and of the South of Judah, and had taken Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and also Gimzo and its villages; and they lived there.

19For Yahweh brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel, because he acted without restraint in Judah and trespassed severely against Yahweh.

20Tilgath Pilneser king of Assyria came to him, and gave him trouble, but didn’t strengthen him.

21For Ahaz took away a portion out of Yahweh’s house, and out of the house of the king and of the princes, and gave it to the king of Assyria; but it didn’t help him.

22In the time of his distress, he trespassed yet more against Yahweh, this same king Ahaz.

23For he sacrificed to the gods of Damascus, which struck him. He said, “Because the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, so I will sacrifice to them, that they may help me.” But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.

24Ahaz gathered together the vessels of God’s house, and cut the vessels of God’s house in pieces, and shut up the doors of Yahweh’s house; and he made himself altars in every corner of Jerusalem.

25In every city of Judah he made high places to burn incense to other gods, and provoked Yahweh, the God of his fathers, to anger.

26Now the rest of his acts, and all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.

27Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem, because they didn’t bring him into the tombs of the kings of Israel; and Hezekiah his son reigned in his place.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

King Ahaz plunges Judah into unprecedented wickedness, practicing child sacrifice and worshipping at every high place. God allows Syria and Israel to defeat him severely, and even when facing destruction, Ahaz turns to Assyrian gods rather than repenting.

Authorship & Background

Author: Traditionally attributed to Ezra the scribe. Originally one book with 1 Chronicles. Written post-exile (approximately 450-400 BC). 2 Chronicles covers Solomon's reign through the Babylonian exile and Cyrus's decree of return (approximately 970-538 BC). The Chronicler focuses exclusively on Judah (ignoring the northern kingdom) and emphasizes Temple worship, reform movements, and the principle of 2 Chronicles 7:14: "If my people... shall humble themselves, and pray... then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land."
Historical Context: Chapter 28 records the catastrophic reign of Ahaz (approximately 735-715 BC), perhaps Judah's worst king — a man who systematically dismantled every element of faithful worship and replaced it with comprehensive paganism. The Chronicler's account is a relentless catalog of spiritual atrocity: Baal worship (v.2), child sacrifice in the Valley of Hinnom (v.3), high-place worship (v.4), alliance with Assyria against God's will (vv.16-21), worship of Damascus's gods (v.23), destruction of Temple vessels (v.24), closure of the Temple doors (v.24), and establishment of pagan altars throughout Jerusalem and every city of Judah (vv.24-25). No other king so comprehensively attacked the worship of the LORD.
The historical context is the Syro-Ephraimite crisis (approximately 735-732 BC), when Syria and Israel allied against Judah to force Ahaz into an anti-Assyrian coalition. Isaiah 7-12 provides the prophetic perspective on this same period — Isaiah offered Ahaz a sign from God (the Immanuel prophecy), but Ahaz refused divine help in favor of Assyrian alliance. The Chronicler focuses on the devastating military consequences: Syria took captives to Damascus (v.5); Pekah of Israel killed 120,000 in a single day (v.6); 200,000 women and children were taken captive (v.8); Edom invaded (v.17); Philistines seized cities (v.18). Judah was attacked from every direction simultaneously — the Chronicler's signature portrait of divine judgment against apostasy.
One remarkable interlude breaks the darkness: the prophet Oded's intervention in Samaria (vv.9-15). When Israel's army brought 200,000 Judean captives north, Oded rebuked them — "are there not with you, even with you, sins against the LORD?" Four Ephraimite leaders stood with the prophet, and the captives were clothed, fed, anointed, and returned to Jericho. This stunning act of mercy from the northern kingdom — often condemned in Chronicles — demonstrates that God's prophetic word can produce compassion even among the apostate when hearts are willing to listen. It also foreshadows Jesus' parable of the Good Samaritan, where a despised northerner shows mercy.
The chapter's most damning phrase is verse 22: "And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz." Where righteous kings turned to God in distress (cf. Manasseh, 2 Chronicles 33:12-13), Ahaz responded to suffering by deepening his rebellion. Distress that should have driven him to repentance instead drove him further into paganism. His reasoning (v.23) represents the ultimate theological inversion: "Because the gods of Damascus beat me, they must be powerful — I'll worship them." He concluded that the gods who defeated him were stronger than the God who was disciplining him. The chapter ends with Ahaz denied royal burial — and the arrival of Hezekiah, whose great reform in chapter 29 will undo his father's comprehensive destruction.

Map & Geography

  • Parallels 1-2 Kings but focuses exclusively on Judah (the southern kingdom). Jerusalem and the Temple are the theological center throughout.
  • Key locations include various battle sites, reform locations, and high places destroyed or rebuilt by successive kings.
  • The book ends with exile to Babylon (586 BC) and Cyrus's decree permitting return — the geographic arc moves from Jerusalem to Babylon and back.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik highlights the remarkable contrast between Ahaz's response to distress (deeper sin) and the biblical norm (repentance). He emphasizes the Oded episode as showing that even in the darkest national moment, God's prophetic word could produce compassion from unexpected sources. Guzik also notes that Ahaz's Assyrian alliance represents the recurring temptation to seek worldly power structures rather than divine provision when under pressure.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'This is that king Ahaz' — the Holy Spirit sets a brand upon this wretch's name. He burned his children, closed God's house, set up altars to demons in every corner, and when God smote him for it, he sinned yet more. Here is a man whom affliction could not soften — whom mercy could not melt — whom judgment could not terrify. In all his distress he trespassed yet more. Let this stand as warning: it is possible so to harden the heart that even God's heaviest rod produces not penitence but defiance. The same sun that melts wax hardens clay. Distress is not salvation; it is only opportunity for salvation, and that opportunity can be forever wasted."

Reflection

  • 1. Distress is an opportunity for repentance, not an excuse for deeper rebellion (v.22). Ahaz responded to God's discipline by sinning more — the exact opposite of what suffering is designed to produce. When hardship comes, you face the same choice: will pain drive you toward God or away from Him? Suffering is not neutral — it either softens or hardens. Choose now how you will respond before the pressure comes.
  • 2. Worldly alliances cannot substitute for divine protection (vv.16-21). Ahaz sought Assyria's help and received only further oppression. When you seek security in worldly systems — financial strategies without God, relationships without God, political power without God — you invite the very forces that will eventually oppress you. The "helper" you purchase apart from God becomes your next problem.
  • 3. Closing the doors of worship is the final step of apostasy (v.24). Ahaz didn't merely add pagan worship — he eliminated access to the true God entirely. When you close the "doors" of your spiritual life — stopping prayer, abandoning Scripture, leaving fellowship — you remove your only means of return. Keep the doors open, even in your weakest seasons. A closed door requires someone else to reopen it (Hezekiah in chapter 29).
  • 4. Compassion can come from unexpected sources (vv.9-15). The northern Israelites — condemned throughout Chronicles — showed more mercy than Judah's own king. Don't assume you know where God's compassion will manifest. The "wrong" people sometimes obey God's word more readily than the "right" people. And when God's word confronts you with someone else's need, respond like those Ephraimite leaders — immediately, practically, and thoroughly.
  • 5. One person's unfaithfulness can corrupt an entire community (v.19). Ahaz "made Judah naked" — his personal sin stripped the nation of divine protection. Leadership carries this terrifying weight: your choices don't affect only you. Whether you lead a family, a ministry, or a workplace, your spiritual condition radiates outward. Guard your faithfulness not only for yourself but for everyone under your influence.