Joshua — Chapter 2

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1Then Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two spies from Shittim, saying, “Go, inspect the land, especially Jericho.” So they went and entered the house of a prostitute named Rahab and stayed there.

2And it was reported to the king of Jericho: “Behold, some men of Israel have come here tonight to spy out the land.”

3So the king of Jericho sent to Rahab and said, “Bring out the men who came to you and entered your house, for they have come to spy out the whole land.”

4But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them. So she said, “Yes, the men did come to me, but I did not know where they had come from.

5At dusk, when the gate was about to close, the men went out, and I do not know which way they went. Pursue them quickly, and you may catch them!”

6(But Rahab had taken them up to the roof and hidden them among the stalks of flax that she had laid out there.)

7So the king’s men set out in pursuit of the spies along the road to the fords of the Jordan, and as soon as they had gone out, the gate was shut.

8Before the spies lay down for the night, Rahab went up on the roof

9and said to them, “I know that the LORD has given you this land and that the fear of you has fallen on us, so that all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of you.

10For we have heard how the LORD dried up the waters of the Red Sea before you when you came out of Egypt, and what you did to Sihon and Og, the two kings of the Amorites across the Jordan, whom you devoted to destruction.

11When we heard this, our hearts melted and everyone’s courage failed because of you, for the LORD your God is God in the heavens above and on the earth below.

12Now therefore, please swear to me by the LORD that you will indeed show kindness to my family, because I showed kindness to you. Give me a sure sign

13that you will spare the lives of my father and mother, my brothers and sisters, and all who belong to them, and that you will deliver us from death.”

14“Our lives for your lives!” the men agreed. “If you do not report our mission, we will show you kindness and faithfulness when the LORD gives us the land.”

15Then Rahab let them down by a rope through the window, since the house where she lived was built into the wall of the city.

16“Go to the hill country,” she said, “so that your pursuers will not find you. Hide yourselves there for three days until they have returned; then go on your way.”

17The men said to her, “We will not be bound by this oath you made us swear

18unless, when we enter the land, you have tied this scarlet cord in the window through which you let us down, and unless you have brought your father and mother and brothers and all your family into your house.

19If anyone goes out the door of your house into the street, his blood will be on his own head, and we will be innocent. But if a hand is laid on anyone with you in the house, his blood will be on our heads.

20And if you report our mission, we will be released from the oath you made us swear.”

21“Let it be as you say,” she replied, and she sent them away. And when they had gone, she tied the scarlet cord in the window.

22So the spies went out into the hill country and stayed there three days, until their pursuers had returned without finding them, having searched all along the road.

23Then the two men started back, came down from the hill country, and crossed the river. So they came to Joshua son of Nun and reported all that had happened to them.

24“The LORD has surely delivered the entire land into our hands,” they said to Joshua. “Indeed, all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of us.”

1And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two men to spy secretly, saying, Go view the land, even Jericho. And they went, and came into an harlot’s house, named Rahab, and lodged there.

2And it was told the king of Jericho, saying, Behold, there came men in hither to night of the children of Israel to search out the country.

3And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying, Bring forth the men that are come to thee, which are entered into thine house: for they be come to search out all the country.

4And the woman took the two men, and hid them, and said thus, There came men unto me, but I wist not whence they were:

5And it came to pass about the time of shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out: whither the men went I wot not: pursue after them quickly; for ye shall overtake them.

6But she had brought them up to the roof of the house, and hid them with the stalks of flax, which she had laid in order upon the roof.

7And the men pursued after them the way to Jordan unto the fords: and as soon as they which pursued after them were gone out, they shut the gate.

8And before they were laid down, she came up unto them upon the roof;

9And she said unto the men, I know that the LORD hath given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land faint because of you.

10For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red sea for you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were on the other side Jordan, Sihon and Og, whom ye utterly destroyed.

11And as soon as we had heard these things, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more courage in any man, because of you: for the LORD your God, he is God in heaven above, and in earth beneath.

12Now therefore, I pray you, swear unto me by the LORD, since I have shewed you kindness, that ye will also shew kindness unto my father’s house, and give me a true token:

13And that ye will save alive my father, and my mother, and my brethren, and my sisters, and all that they have, and deliver our lives from death.

14And the men answered her, Our life for yours, if ye utter not this our business. And it shall be, when the LORD hath given us the land, that we will deal kindly and truly with thee.

15Then she let them down by a cord through the window: for her house was upon the town wall, and she dwelt upon the wall.

16And she said unto them, Get you to the mountain, lest the pursuers meet you; and hide yourselves there three days, until the pursuers be returned: and afterward may ye go your way.

17And the men said unto her, We will be blameless of this thine oath which thou hast made us swear.

18Behold, when we come into the land, thou shalt bind this line of scarlet thread in the window which thou didst let us down by: and thou shalt bring thy father, and thy mother, and thy brethren, and all thy father’s household, home unto thee.

19And it shall be, that whosoever shall go out of the doors of thy house into the street, his blood shall be upon his head, and we will be guiltless: and whosoever shall be with thee in the house, his blood shall be on our head, if any hand be upon him.

20And if thou utter this our business, then we will be quit of thine oath which thou hast made us to swear.

21And she said, According unto your words, so be it. And she sent them away, and they departed: and she bound the scarlet line in the window.

22And they went, and came unto the mountain, and abode there three days, until the pursuers were returned: and the pursuers sought them throughout all the way, but found them not.

23So the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun, and told him all things that befell them:

24And they said unto Joshua, Truly the LORD hath delivered into our hands all the land; for even all the inhabitants of the country do faint because of us.

1And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two men as spies secretly, saying, Go, view the land, and Jericho. And they went and came into the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and lay there.

2And it was told the king of Jericho, saying, Behold, there came men in hither to-night of the children of Israel to search out the land.

3And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying, Bring forth the men that are come to thee, that are entered into thy house; for they are come to search out all the land.

4And the woman took the two men, and hid them; and she said, Yea, the men came unto me, but I knew not whence they were:

5and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out; whither the men went I know not: pursue after them quickly; for ye will overtake them.

6But she had brought them up to the roof, and hid them with the stalks of flax, which she had laid in order upon the roof.

7And the men pursued after them the way to the Jordan unto the fords: and as soon as they that pursued after them were gone out, they shut the gate.

8And before they were laid down, she came up unto them upon the roof;

9and she said unto the men, I know that Jehovah hath given you the land, and that the fear of you is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt away before you.

10For we have heard how Jehovah dried up the water of the Red Sea before you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan, unto Sihon and to Og, whom ye utterly destroyed.

11And as soon as we had heard it, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more spirit in any man, because of you: for Jehovah your God, he is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath.

12Now therefore, I pray you, swear unto me by Jehovah, since I have dealt kindly with you, that ye also will deal kindly with my father`s house, and give me a true token;

13and that ye will save alive my father, and my mother, and my brethren, and my sisters, and all that they have, and will deliver our lives from death.

14And the men said unto her, Our life for yours, if ye utter not this our business; and it shall be, when Jehovah giveth us the land, that we will deal kindly and truly with thee.

15Then she let them down by a cord through the window: for her house was upon the side of the wall, and she dwelt upon the wall.

16And she said unto them, Get you to the mountain, lest the pursuers light upon you; and hide yourselves there three days, until the pursuers be returned: and afterward may ye go your way.

17And the men said unto her, We will be guiltless of this thine oath which thou hast made us to swear.

18Behold, when we come into the land, thou shalt bind this line of scarlet thread in the window which thou didst let us down by: and thou shalt gather unto thee into the house thy father, and thy mother, and thy brethren, and all thy father`s household.

19And it shall be, that whosoever shall go out of the doors of thy house into the street, his blood shall be upon his head, and we shall be guiltless: and whosoever shall be with thee in the house, his blood shall be on our head, if any hand be upon him.

20But if thou utter this our business, then we shall be guiltless of thine oath which thou hast made us to swear.

21And she said, According unto your words, so be it. And she sent them away, and they departed: and she bound the scarlet line in the window.

22And they went, and came unto the mountain, and abode there three days, until the pursuers were returned: and the pursuers sought them throughout all the way, but found them not.

23Then the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun; and they told him all that had befallen them.

24And they said unto Joshua, Truly Jehovah hath delivered into our hands all the land; and moreover all the inhabitants of the land do melt away before us.

1Joshua son of Nun sent two spies out from Shittim secretly and instructed them: “Find out what you can about the land, especially Jericho.” They stopped at the house of a prostitute named Rahab and spent the night there.

2The king of Jericho received this report: “Note well! Israelite men have come here tonight to spy on the land.”

3So the king of Jericho sent this order to Rahab: “Turn over the men who came to you—the ones who came to your house—for they have come to spy on the whole land!”

4But the woman hid the two men and replied, “Yes, these men were clients of mine, but I didn’t know where they came from.

5When it was time to shut the city gate for the night, the men left. I don’t know where they were heading. Chase after them quickly, for you have time to catch them!”

6(Now she had taken them up to the roof and had hidden them in the stalks of flax she had spread out on the roof.)

7Meanwhile, the king’s men tried to find them on the road to the Jordan River near the fords. The city gate was shut as soon as they set out in pursuit of them.

8Now before the spies went to sleep, Rahab went up to the roof.

9She said to the men, “I know the Lord is handing this land over to you. We are absolutely terrified of you, and all who live in the land are cringing before you.

10For we heard how the Lord dried up the water of the Red Sea before you when you left Egypt and how you annihilated the two Amorite kings, Sihon and Og, on the other side of the Jordan.

11When we heard the news, we lost our courage, and no one could even breathe for fear of you. For the Lord your God is God in heaven above and on earth below!

12So now, promise me this with an oath sworn in the Lord’s name. Because I have shown allegiance to you, show allegiance to my family. Give me a solemn pledge

13that you will spare the lives of my father, mother, brothers, sisters, and all who belong to them, and will rescue us from death.”

14The men said to her, “If you die, may we die too! If you do not report what we’ve been up to, then we will show unswerving allegiance to you when the Lord hands the land over to us.”

15Then Rahab let them down by a rope through the window. (Her house was built as part of the city wall; she lived in the wall.)

16She told them, “Head to the hill country, so the ones chasing you don’t find you. Hide from them there for three days, long enough for those chasing you to return. Then you can be on your way.”

17The men said to her, “We are not bound by this oath you made us swear unless the following conditions are met:

18When we invade the land, tie this red rope in the window through which you let us down, and gather together in your house your father, mother, brothers, and all who live in your father’s house.

19Anyone who leaves your house will be responsible for his own death—we are innocent in that case! But if anyone with you in the house is harmed, we will be responsible.

20If you should report what we’ve been up to, we are not bound by this oath you made us swear.”

21She said, “I agree to these conditions.” She sent them on their way and then tied the red rope in the window.

22They went to the hill country and stayed there for three days, long enough for those chasing them to return. Their pursuers looked all along the way but did not find them.

23Then the two men returned—they came down from the hills, crossed the river, came to Joshua son of Nun, and reported to him all they had discovered.

24They told Joshua, “Surely the Lord is handing over all the land to us! All who live in the land are cringing before us!”

1Joshua the son of Nun secretly sent two men out of Shittim as spies, saying, “Go, view the land, including Jericho.” They went and came into the house of a prostitute whose name was Rahab, and slept there.

2The king of Jericho was told, “Behold, men of the children of Israel came in here tonight to spy out the land.”

3Jericho’s king sent to Rahab, saying, “Bring out the men who have come to you, who have entered into your house; for they have come to spy out all the land.”

4The woman took the two men and hid them. Then she said, “Yes, the men came to me, but I didn’t know where they came from.

5About the time of the shutting of the gate, when it was dark, the men went out. Where the men went, I don’t know. Pursue them quickly. You may catch up with them.”

6But she had brought them up to the roof, and hidden them under the stalks of flax which she had laid in order on the roof.

7The men pursued them along the way to the fords of the Jordan River. As soon as those who pursued them had gone out, they shut the gate.

8Before they had lain down, she came up to them on the roof.

9She said to the men, “I know that Yahweh has given you the land, and that the fear of you has fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt away before you.

10For we have heard how Yahweh dried up the water of the Red Sea before you, when you came out of Egypt; and what you did to the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon and to Og, whom you utterly destroyed.

11As soon as we had heard it, our hearts melted, and there wasn’t any more spirit in any man, because of you: for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath.

12Now therefore, please swear to me by Yahweh, since I have dealt kindly with you, that you also will deal kindly with my father’s house, and give me a true sign;

13and that you will save alive my father, my mother, my brothers, and my sisters, and all that they have, and will deliver our lives from death.”

14The men said to her, “Our life for yours, if you don’t talk about this business of ours; and it shall be, when Yahweh gives us the land, that we will deal kindly and truly with you.”

15Then she let them down by a cord through the window; for her house was on the side of the wall, and she lived on the wall.

16She said to them, “Go to the mountain, lest the pursuers find you. Hide yourselves there three days, until the pursuers have returned. Afterward, you may go your way.”

17The men said to her, “We will be guiltless of this your oath which you’ve made us to swear.

18Behold, when we come into the land, tie this line of scarlet thread in the window which you used to let us down. Gather to yourself into the house your father, your mother, your brothers, and all your father’s household.

19It shall be that whoever goes out of the doors of your house into the street, his blood will be on his head, and we will be guiltless. Whoever is with you in the house, his blood shall be on our head, if any hand is on him.

20But if you talk about this business of ours, then we shall be guiltless of your oath which you’ve made us to swear.”

21She said, “Let it be as you have said.” She sent them away, and they departed. Then she tied the scarlet line in the window.

22They went, and came to the mountain, and stayed there three days, until the pursuers had returned. The pursuers sought them all along the way, but didn’t find them.

23Then the two men returned, descended from the mountain, crossed the river, and came to Joshua the son of Nun. They told him all that had happened to them.

24They said to Joshua, “Truly Yahweh has delivered all the land into our hands. Moreover, all the inhabitants of the land melt away before us.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Joshua sends two spies from Shittim to scout Jericho, and they lodge at the house of Rahab, a prostitute (v. 1). When the king of Jericho demands the men be handed over, Rahab hides them on her roof and misdirects the pursuers, having already concluded that the LORD has given Israel the land after hearing how He dried up the Red Sea and defeated Sihon and Og (vv. 2-11). She asks the spies to swear an oath sparing her family when Israel conquers the city, and they agree on the condition that she keep silent and mark her house with a scarlet cord in the window (vv. 12-20). Rahab lowers the men down the city wall by a rope, they hide three days in the hills, and they return safely to Joshua reporting that the land's inhabitants are already terrified of Israel (vv. 21-24).

Authorship & Background

Author: Joshua, with possible later editorial additions. Joshua was Moses' assistant and successor, who led Israel into the Promised Land. The book covers approximately 25 years (1406-1381 BC) — from the crossing of the Jordan to Joshua's death. Hebrew title: 'Yehoshua' — 'YHWH saves' (the same name as Jesus in Greek). The book demonstrates God's faithfulness to His land promise to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and shows that victory comes through faith and obedience, not human strength.
Historical Context: Chapter 2 records the mission of two spies sent secretly from Shittim to reconnoiter Jericho — the first major obstacle to Israel's conquest. Unlike the disastrous spy mission of Numbers 13-14 (twelve spies, forty days, a faithless report), this mission is small, focused, and successful. The central figure is Rahab — a Canaanite prostitute who hides the spies, confesses faith in Israel's God, and secures salvation for her entire family through the scarlet cord. Rahab's confession (v.11) is one of the most remarkable statements of faith in the Old Testament, coming from a pagan woman in a doomed city. She is later honored in the genealogy of Christ (Matthew 1:5), in the hall of faith (Hebrews 11:31), and as an example of faith producing works (James 2:25). The chapter demonstrates that God's grace extends beyond ethnic Israel to anyone who believes — a Gentile prostitute becomes an ancestor of the Messiah.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: Two spies sent quietly after the twelve who failed at Kadesh a generation earlier, Rahab hiding strangers on her roof under stalks of flax, a pagan woman's confession that the LORD is God in heaven above and earth beneath, a scarlet cord tied in a window as an act of faith before any promise is fulfilled, and a report of confidence returned in place of the faithless report of Numbers 13
The Spies Sent to Jericho (vv.1-7): Joshua sends two spies secretly from Shittim (Israel's camp east of the Jordan) to "view the land, even Jericho" (v.1). They enter Rahab's house — likely an inn on the city wall, a logical place for strangers to lodge without suspicion. The king of Jericho learns of their presence and demands Rahab surrender them (vv.2-3). Rahab hides the spies under stalks of flax on her roof and misdirects the pursuers toward the Jordan fords (vv.4-7).
Rahab's Confession of Faith (vv.8-11): Before the spies sleep, Rahab makes her extraordinary declaration: "I know that the LORD hath given you the land" (v.9). She recounts what Jericho has heard — the Red Sea crossing and the defeat of Sihon and Og (v.10). The result: "our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more courage in any man" (v.11). Her climactic confession: "the LORD your God, he is God in heaven above, and in earth beneath" (v.11). This is monotheistic faith from a pagan woman — she acknowledges YHWH as the one true God of all creation.
The Covenant and the Scarlet Cord (vv.12-21): Rahab asks the spies to swear by the LORD to spare her family (vv.12-13). They agree: "Our life for yours" (v.14). She lets them down by a cord through her window in the city wall (v.15). The conditions: she must tie "this line of scarlet thread in the window" (v.18), gather her family into her house (v.18), and keep silent about their mission (v.20). Anyone who leaves the house forfeits protection (v.19). Rahab immediately binds the scarlet cord in her window (v.21) — an act of faith before the promise is fulfilled.
The Spies' Report (vv.22-24): After hiding three days in the hills, the spies return to Joshua with a confident report: "Truly the LORD hath delivered into our hands all the land; for even all the inhabitants of the country do faint because of us" (v.24). Unlike the ten faithless spies of Numbers 13, these two bring a report of faith.

Map & Geography

  • Shittim: Israel's camp in the plains of Moab, east of the Jordan — the spies' departure point
  • Jericho: First major Canaanite city west of the Jordan, located in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea
  • Rahab's house was built into the city wall itself, overlooking the surrounding plain

Places on this map

  • Moabwest-central JordanThe plateau east of the Dead Sea, cut off from Israel by the rift valley and from Ammon by the Arnon gorge. High enough to farm grain, which is why Naomi's family went there in a famine. Wikipedia
  • Jordan RiverIsrael / Jordan borderRuns about 65 miles as the crow flies from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, dropping from 700 to 1,400 feet below sea level. Narrow enough to wade at most fords, it was still the boundary that divided wilderness from inheritance. Wikipedia
  • JerichoJericho, West BankAn oasis at a perennial spring in the Jordan valley, 850 feet below sea level and among the oldest continuously settled sites anywhere. It guarded the ford and the climb up to the central hills, so anyone entering Canaan from the east had to deal with it first. Wikipedia
  • Dead SeaIsrael / JordanThe lowest exposed ground on earth, about 1,400 feet below sea level, and roughly ten times saltier than the ocean because water leaves only by evaporation. Nothing lives in it, which is the image Ezekiel 47 overturns when he has it filled with fish. Wikipedia
  • CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that Rahab's faith was genuine despite her imperfect understanding and sinful background. God does not require perfect theology or perfect morality before He saves — He requires faith. The scarlet cord is a beautiful picture of salvation by the blood: those inside the house (under the cord) are saved; those outside perish. Rahab's inclusion in Christ's genealogy shows that no one is beyond God's grace.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Joshua 2 Summary: 5 Minute Bible Study
2BeLikeChrist

The Rescue of Rahab – Joshua 2
David Guzik

Joshua 2 | Rahab the Prostitute | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Joshua -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • An Unlikely Refuge (v.1) — Joshua's spies end up sheltered in the home of a Canaanite prostitute rather than somewhere more respectable. Are you willing to let God work through unlikely people and unlikely places in your own life?
  • Rahab's Confession of Faith (vv.9-11) — Rahab, a pagan woman, declares that Israel's God is God in heaven above and on earth below before she has any covenant relationship with Him. What has convinced you that God is real, and have you responded to it as boldly as she did?
  • Faith That Reaches for Family (vv.12-13) — Rahab doesn't just secure her own safety; she pleads for her father, mother, and siblings to be spared too. Who in your family or circle are you actively interceding for?
  • A Visible Sign of Trust (v.18) — The spies tell Rahab to mark her house with a scarlet cord so it would be recognized and spared when the attack came. What visible mark of faith are you willing to display even when it might seem risky to others?
  • Acting Before Seeing the Outcome (v.21) — Rahab ties the cord in her window immediately, long before the battle ever begins. Where is God asking you to act on a promise before you can see how it will play out?