Joshua — Chapter 24

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1Then Joshua assembled all the tribes of Israel at Shechem. He summoned the elders, leaders, judges, and officers of Israel, and they presented themselves before God.

2And Joshua said to all the people, “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Long ago your fathers, including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor, lived beyond the Euphrates and worshiped other gods.

3But I took your father Abraham from beyond the Euphrates and led him through all the land of Canaan, and I multiplied his descendants. I gave him Isaac,

4and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. I gave Esau Mount Seir to possess, but Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt.

5Then I sent Moses and Aaron, and I afflicted the Egyptians by what I did there, and afterward I brought you out.

6When I brought your fathers out of Egypt and you reached the Red Sea, the Egyptians pursued them with chariots and horsemen as far as the Red Sea.

7So your fathers cried out to the LORD, and He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, over whom He brought the sea and engulfed them. Your very eyes saw what I did to the Egyptians. Then you lived in the wilderness for a long time.

8Later, I brought you to the land of the Amorites who lived beyond the Jordan. They fought against you, but I delivered them into your hand, that you should possess their land when I destroyed them before you.

9Then Balak son of Zippor, the king of Moab, set out to fight against Israel. He sent for Balaam son of Beor to curse you,

10but I would not listen to Balaam. So he blessed you again and again, and I delivered you from his hand.

11After this, you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. The people of Jericho fought against you, as did the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I delivered them into your hand.

12I sent the hornet ahead of you, and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you, but not by your own sword or bow.

13So I gave you a land on which you did not toil and cities that you did not build, and now you live in them and eat from vineyards and olive groves that you did not plant.’

14Now, therefore, fear the LORD and serve Him in sincerity and truth; cast aside the gods your fathers served beyond the Euphrates and in Egypt, and serve the LORD.

15But if it is unpleasing in your sight to serve the LORD, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your fathers served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living. As for me and my house, we will serve the LORD!”

16The people replied, “Far be it from us to forsake the LORD to serve other gods!

17For the LORD our God brought us and our fathers out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery, and performed these great signs before our eyes. He also protected us throughout our journey and among all the nations through which we traveled.

18And the LORD drove out before us all the nations, including the Amorites who lived in the land. We too will serve the LORD, because He is our God!”

19But Joshua said to the people, “You are not able to serve the LORD, for He is a holy God; He is a jealous God; He will not forgive your rebellion or your sins.

20If you forsake the LORD and serve foreign gods, He will turn and bring disaster on you and consume you, even after He has been good to you.”

21“No!” replied the people. “We will serve the LORD!”

22Then Joshua told them, “You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen to serve the LORD.” “We are witnesses!” they said.

23“Now, therefore,” he said, “get rid of the foreign gods among you and incline your hearts to the LORD, the God of Israel.”

24So the people said to Joshua, “We will serve the LORD our God and obey His voice.”

25On that day Joshua made a covenant for the people, and there at Shechem he established for them a statute and ordinance.

26Joshua recorded these things in the Book of the Law of God. Then he took a large stone and set it up there under the oak that was near the sanctuary of the LORD.

27And Joshua said to all the people, “You see this stone. It will be a witness against us, for it has heard all the words the LORD has spoken to us, and it will be a witness against you if you ever deny your God.”

28Then Joshua sent the people away, each to his own inheritance.

29Some time later, Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died at the age of 110.

30And they buried him in the land of his inheritance, at Timnath-serah in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.

31Israel had served the LORD throughout the days of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had experienced all the works that the LORD had done for Israel.

32And the bones of Joseph, which the Israelites had brought up out of Egypt, were buried at Shechem in the plot of land that Jacob had purchased from the sons of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for a hundred pieces of silver. So it became an inheritance for Joseph’s descendants.

33Eleazar son of Aaron also died, and they buried him at Gibeah, which had been given to his son Phinehas in the hill country of Ephraim.

1And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elders of Israel, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before God.

2And Joshua said unto all the people, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood in old time, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor: and they served other gods.

3And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac.

4And I gave unto Isaac Jacob and Esau: and I gave unto Esau mount Seir, to possess it; but Jacob and his children went down into Egypt.

5I sent Moses also and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt, according to that which I did among them: and afterward I brought you out.

6And I brought your fathers out of Egypt: and ye came unto the sea; and the Egyptians pursued after your fathers with chariots and horsemen unto the Red sea.

7And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season.

8And I brought you into the land of the Amorites, which dwelt on the other side Jordan; and they fought with you: and I gave them into your hand, that ye might possess their land; and I destroyed them from before you.

9Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you:

10But I would not hearken unto Balaam; therefore he blessed you still: so I delivered you out of his hand.

11And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand.

12And I sent the hornet before you, which drave them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; but not with thy sword, nor with thy bow.

13And I have given you a land for which ye did not labour, and cities which ye built not, and ye dwell in them; of the vineyards and oliveyards which ye planted not do ye eat.

14Now therefore fear the LORD, and serve him in sincerity and in truth: and put away the gods which your fathers served on the other side of the flood, and in Egypt; and serve ye the LORD.

15And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.

16And the people answered and said, God forbid that we should forsake the LORD, to serve other gods;

17For the LORD our God, he it is that brought us up and our fathers out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage, and which did those great signs in our sight, and preserved us in all the way wherein we went, and among all the people through whom we passed:

18And the LORD drave out from before us all the people, even the Amorites which dwelt in the land: therefore will we also serve the LORD; for he is our God.

19And Joshua said unto the people, Ye cannot serve the LORD: for he is an holy God; he is a jealous God; he will not forgive your transgressions nor your sins.

20If ye forsake the LORD, and serve strange gods, then he will turn and do you hurt, and consume you, after that he hath done you good.

21And the people said unto Joshua, Nay; but we will serve the LORD.

22And Joshua said unto the people, Ye are witnesses against yourselves that ye have chosen you the LORD, to serve him. And they said, We are witnesses.

23Now therefore put away, said he, the strange gods which are among you, and incline your heart unto the LORD God of Israel.

24And the people said unto Joshua, The LORD our God will we serve, and his voice will we obey.

25So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.

26And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and took a great stone, and set it up there under an oak, that was by the sanctuary of the LORD.

27And Joshua said unto all the people, Behold, this stone shall be a witness unto us; for it hath heard all the words of the LORD which he spake unto us: it shall be therefore a witness unto you, lest ye deny your God.

28So Joshua let the people depart, every man unto his inheritance.

29And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died, being an hundred and ten years old.

30And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-serah, which is in mount Ephraim, on the north side of the hill of Gaash.

31And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua, and which had known all the works of the LORD, that he had done for Israel.

32And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem, in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for an hundred pieces of silver: and it became the inheritance of the children of Joseph.

33And Eleazar the son of Aaron died; and they buried him in a hill that pertained to Phinehas his son, which was given him in mount Ephraim.

1And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elders of Israel, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before God.

2And Joshua said unto all the people, Thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, Your fathers dwelt of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor: and they served other gods.

3And I took your father Abraham from beyond the River, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac.

4And I gave unto Isaac Jacob and Esau: and I gave unto Esau mount Seir, to possess it: and Jacob and his children went down into Egypt.

5And I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt, according to that which I did in the midst thereof: and afterward I brought you out.

6And I brought your fathers out of Egypt: and ye came unto the sea; and the Egyptians pursued after your fathers with chariots and with horsemen unto the Red Sea.

7And when they cried out unto Jehovah, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness many days.

8And I brought you into the land of the Amorites, that dwelt beyond the Jordan: and they fought with you; and I gave them into your hand, and ye possessed their land; and I destroyed them from before you.

9Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and fought against Israel: and he sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you;

10but I would not hearken unto Balaam; therefore he blessed you still: so I delivered you out of his hand.

11And ye went over the Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorite, and the Perizzite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Girgashite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; and I delivered them into your hand.

12And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with thy sword, nor with thy bow.

13And I gave you a land whereon thou hadst not labored, and cities which ye built not, and ye dwell therein; of vineyards and oliveyards which ye planted not do ye eat.

14Now therefore fear Jehovah, and serve him in sincerity and in truth; and put away the gods which your fathers served beyond the River, and in Egypt; and serve ye Jehovah.

15And if it seem evil unto you to serve Jehovah, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve Jehovah.

16And the people answered and said, Far be it from us that we should forsake Jehovah, to serve other gods;

17for Jehovah our God, he it is that brought us and our fathers up out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage, and that did those great signs in our sight, and preserved us in all the way wherein we went, and among all the peoples through the midst of whom we passed;

18and Jehovah drove out from before us all the peoples, even the Amorites that dwelt in the land: therefore we also will serve Jehovah; for he is our God.

19And Joshua said unto the people, Ye cannot serve Jehovah; for he is a holy God; he is a jealous God; he will not forgive your transgression nor your sins.

20If ye forsake Jehovah, and serve foreign gods, then he will turn and do you evil, and consume you, after that he hath done you good.

21And the people said unto Joshua, Nay; but we will serve Jehovah.

22And Joshua said unto the people, Ye are witnesses against yourselves that ye have chosen you Jehovah, to serve him. And they said, We are witnesses.

23Now therefore put away, [said he], the foreign gods which are among you, and incline your heart unto Jehovah, the God of Israel.

24And the people said unto Joshua, Jehovah our God will we serve, and unto his voice will we hearken.

25So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.

26And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God; and he took a great stone, and set it up there under the oak that was by the sanctuary of Jehovah.

27And Joshua said unto all the people, Behold, this stone shall be a witness against us; for it hath heard all the words of Jehovah which he spake unto us: it shall be therefore a witness against you, lest ye deny your God.

28So Joshua sent the people away, every man unto his inheritance.

29And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Jehovah, died, being a hundred and ten years old.

30And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathserah, which is in the hill-country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.

31And Israel served Jehovah all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of Jehovah, that he had wrought for Israel.

32And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem, in the parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for a hundred pieces of money: and they became the inheritance of the children of Joseph.

33And Eleazar the son of Aaron died; and they buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son, which was given him in the hill-country of Ephraim.

1Joshua assembled all the Israelite tribes at Shechem. He summoned Israel’s elders, rulers, judges, and leaders, and they appeared before God.

2Joshua told all the people, “This is what the Lord God of Israel has said: ‘In the distant past your ancestors lived beyond the Euphrates River, including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor. They worshiped other gods,

3but I took your father Abraham from beyond the Euphrates and brought him into the entire land of Canaan. I made his descendants numerous; I gave him Isaac,

4and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. To Esau I assigned Mount Seir, while Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt.

5I sent Moses and Aaron, and I struck Egypt down when I intervened in their land. Then I brought you out.

6When I brought your fathers out of Egypt, you arrived at the sea. The Egyptians chased your fathers with chariots and horsemen to the Red Sea.

7Your fathers cried out for help to the Lord; he made the area between you and the Egyptians dark, and then he drowned them in the sea. You witnessed with your very own eyes what I did in Egypt. You lived in the wilderness for a long time.

8Then I brought you to the land of the Amorites who lived east of the Jordan. They fought with you, but I handed them over to you; you conquered their land, and I destroyed them from before you.

9Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab, launched an attack against Israel. He summoned Balaam son of Beor to call down judgment on you.

10I refused to respond to Balaam; he kept prophesying good things about you, and I rescued you from his power.

11You crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. The leaders of Jericho, as well as the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, fought against you, but I handed them over to you.

12I sent terror ahead of you to drive out before you the two Amorite kings. I gave you the victory; it was not by your swords or bows.

13I gave you a land in which you had not worked hard; you took up residence in cities you did not build, and you are eating the produce of vineyards and olive groves you did not plant.’

14“Now obey the Lord and worship him with integrity and loyalty. Put aside the gods your ancestors worshiped beyond the Euphrates and in Egypt, and worship the Lord.

15If you have no desire to worship the Lord, then choose today whom you will worship, whether it be the gods whom your ancestors worshiped beyond the Euphrates or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living. But I and my family will worship the Lord.”

16The people responded, “Far be it from us to abandon the Lord so we can worship other gods!

17For the Lord our God took us and our fathers out of slavery in the land of Egypt and performed these awesome miracles before our very eyes. He continually protected us as we traveled and when we passed through nations.

18The Lord drove out from before us all the nations, including the Amorites who lived in the land. So we too will worship the Lord, for he is our God!”

19Joshua warned the people, “You will not keep worshiping the Lord, for he is a holy God. He is a jealous God who will not forgive your rebellion or your sins.

20If you abandon the Lord and worship foreign gods, he will turn against you; he will bring disaster on you and destroy you, though he once treated you well.”

21The people said to Joshua, “No! We really will worship the Lord.”

22Joshua said to the people, “Do you agree to be witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen to worship the Lord?” They replied, “We are witnesses!”

23Joshua said, “Now put aside the foreign gods that are among you and submit to the Lord God of Israel.”

24The people said to Joshua, “We will worship the Lord our God and obey him.”

25That day Joshua drew up an agreement for the people, and he established rules and regulations for them in Shechem.

26Joshua wrote these words in the Law Scroll of God. He then took a large stone and set it up there under the oak tree near the Lord’s sanctuary.

27Joshua said to all the people, “Look, this stone will be a witness against us, for it has heard everything the Lord said to us. It will be a witness against you if you deny your God.”

28When Joshua dismissed the people, they went to their allotted portions of land.

29After all this Joshua son of Nun, the Lord’s servant, died at the age of 110.

30They buried him in his allotted territory in Timnath Serah in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.

31Israel worshiped the Lord throughout Joshua’s lifetime and as long as the elderly men who outlived him remained alive. These men had experienced firsthand everything the Lord had done for Israel.

32The bones of Joseph, which the Israelites had brought up from Egypt, were buried at Shechem in the part of the field that Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for 100 pieces of money. So it became the inheritance of the tribe of Joseph.

33Eleazar son of Aaron died, and they buried him in Gibeah in the hill country of Ephraim, where his son Phinehas had been assigned land.

1Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elders of Israel, for their heads, for their judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before God.

2Joshua said to all the people, “Yahweh says, the God of Israel, ‘Your fathers lived of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor: and they served other gods.

3I took your father Abraham from beyond the River, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his offspring, and gave him Isaac.

4I gave to Isaac Jacob and Esau: and I gave to Esau Mount Seir, to possess it. Jacob and his children went down into Egypt.

5“‘I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt, according to that which I did among them: and afterward I brought you out.

6I brought your fathers out of Egypt: and you came to the sea. The Egyptians pursued your fathers with chariots and with horsemen to the Red Sea.

7When they cried out to Yahweh, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea on them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt. You lived in the wilderness many days.

8“‘I brought you into the land of the Amorites, that lived beyond the Jordan. They fought with you, and I gave them into your hand. You possessed their land, and I destroyed them from before you.

9Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and fought against Israel. He sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you,

10but I would not listen to Balaam; therefore he blessed you still. So I delivered you out of his hand.

11“‘You went over the Jordan, and came to Jericho. The men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Girgashite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; and I delivered them into your hand.

12I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with your sword, nor with your bow.

13I gave you a land whereon you had not labored, and cities which you didn’t build, and you live in them. You eat of vineyards and olive groves which you didn’t plant.’

14“Now therefore fear Yahweh, and serve him in sincerity and in truth. Put away the gods which your fathers served beyond the River, in Egypt; and serve Yahweh.

15If it seems evil to you to serve Yahweh, choose today whom you will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell; but as for me and my house, we will serve Yahweh.”

16The people answered, “Far be it from us that we should forsake Yahweh, to serve other gods;

17for it is Yahweh our God who brought us and our fathers up out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage, and who did those great signs in our sight, and preserved us in all the way in which we went, and among all the peoples through the middle of whom we passed.

18Yahweh drove out from before us all the peoples, even the Amorites who lived in the land. Therefore we also will serve Yahweh; for he is our God.”

19Joshua said to the people, “You can’t serve Yahweh, for he is a holy God. He is a jealous God. He will not forgive your disobedience nor your sins.

20If you forsake Yahweh, and serve foreign gods, then he will turn and do you evil, and consume you, after he has done you good.”

21The people said to Joshua, “No, but we will serve Yahweh.”

22Joshua said to the people, “You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen Yahweh yourselves, to serve him.” They said, “We are witnesses.”

23“Now therefore put away the foreign gods which are among you, and incline your heart to Yahweh, the God of Israel.”

24The people said to Joshua, “We will serve Yahweh our God, and we will listen to his voice.”

25So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and made for them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.

26Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God; and he took a great stone, and set it up there under the oak that was by the sanctuary of Yahweh.

27Joshua said to all the people, “Behold, this stone shall be a witness against us, for it has heard all Yahweh’s words which he spoke to us. It shall be therefore a witness against you, lest you deny your God.”

28So Joshua sent the people away, each to his own inheritance.

29After these things, Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Yahweh, died, being one hundred ten years old.

30They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathserah, which is in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.

31Israel served Yahweh all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of Yahweh, that he had worked for Israel.

32They buried the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, in Shechem, in the parcel of ground which Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for a hundred pieces of silver. They became the inheritance of the children of Joseph.

33Eleazar the son of Aaron died. They buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son, which was given him in the hill country of Ephraim.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
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Reflection

Summary

Joshua assembles all the tribes of Israel at Shechem and recounts, speaking for the LORD, the nation's history from Abraham's call, through the exodus and wilderness years, to the conquest of the land, emphasizing that it was God, not their own sword or bow, who gave them victory (vv. 1-13). He calls the people to fear the LORD and serve him in sincerity and truth, putting away any other gods, and declares that he and his household will serve the LORD no matter what others choose (vv. 14-15). The people twice affirm their commitment to serve the LORD, and Joshua renews the covenant at Shechem, recording it in the Book of the Law and setting up a large stone as a witness (vv. 16-27). The chapter closes with the deaths of Joshua at a hundred and ten years old and of Eleazar the priest, and the burial of Joseph's bones at Shechem, brought up from Egypt generations earlier (vv. 29-33).

Authorship & Background

Author: Joshua, with possible later editorial additions (such as the account of his own death in 24:29-31). Joshua was Moses' assistant and successor who led Israel into the Promised Land. The book covers approximately 25 years (1406-1381 BC). Hebrew name: 'Yehoshua' = 'YHWH saves' (the same name as Jesus in Greek).
Classification: Historical Narrative — Land Allotment
Key Themes: A covenant renewal at Shechem where Abraham built an altar, history retold as God's initiative throughout, a choice put to the people, an answer Joshua tells them they cannot keep, and three burials to close the book
Purpose: To record God's faithfulness in fulfilling His land promise to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and to demonstrate that victory comes through faith and obedience, not human strength.
Historical Context: Joshua assembles the tribes at Shechem, a site heavy with covenant memory: Abraham built his first altar in Canaan there, Jacob buried the foreign gods of his household there, and Joseph's bones are interred there at the chapter's end. Joshua rehearses Israel's history from Abraham's calling out of pagan Mesopotamia through the exodus and the conquest, framing all of it as God's initiative rather than Israel's achievement. Then he calls for decision — “choose you this day whom ye will serve” — and declares his own household's allegiance regardless of theirs. When the people readily agree, Joshua challenges the ease of it: “Ye cannot serve the LORD” (v.19), pushing them past sentiment to counted cost. A stone is set up as witness. Joshua dies at 110, and the book ends with three burials — Joshua, Joseph and Eleazar — closing the generation that entered the land.
Your Fathers Served Other Gods (vv.1-13): The assembly is at Shechem, a site thick with covenant memory — Abraham built his first altar in Canaan there, and Jacob buried his household's foreign gods there. Joshua rehearses the history in God's own voice, and every verb belongs to God: I took your father Abraham, I sent Moses, I brought you out, I gave you a land for which ye did not labour. Verse 2's reminder that their fathers served other gods beyond the river is the least flattering possible opening.
Choose You This Day (vv.14-15): The demand follows from the history: fear the LORD and serve him in sincerity, and put away the gods your fathers served. Then the choice, and it is a real one — if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve. Joshua's own position is stated without waiting for theirs: as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.
Ye Cannot Serve the LORD (vv.16-24): The people answer well, and Joshua rejects the answer — ye cannot serve the LORD, for he is an holy God, he is a jealous God. It is the most surprising exchange in the book. He is not fishing for enthusiasm; he is telling them the commitment is heavier than they think. They insist, he makes them witnesses against themselves, and only then does he accept it.
A Stone as Witness (vv.25-28): The covenant is made and written in the book of the law of God, and a great stone is set up under an oak as a witness — it hath heard all the words of the LORD which he spake unto us. Physical objects standing in for memory recurs through Joshua, from the twelve stones at the Jordan to the altar called Ed.
Three Burials (vv.29-33): The book ends with three graves. Joshua dies at a hundred and ten and is buried in his own inheritance. Joseph's bones, carried out of Egypt and kept for the whole wilderness journey and the conquest, are finally buried at Shechem — a promise from Genesis 50 kept several centuries late. And Eleazar the priest is buried in Ephraim. Verse 31 records that Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him, which is precisely as long as it lasted.

Map & Geography

  • Shechem: Located between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim in the central highlands — Israel's covenant renewal site
  • "Beyond the River" (v.2): Abraham's origin in Ur/Haran, beyond the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia
  • Joshua buried at Timnath-serah in the hill country of Ephraim; Joseph's bones buried at Shechem

Places on this map

  • ShechemTell Balata, Nablus, West BankIn the pass between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, the natural east-west crossing of the central hills. Abraham's first altar, Joseph's burial and Joshua's covenant renewal all happen here, which made it the north's answer to Jerusalem. Wikipedia
  • HarranHarran, TurkeyA caravan town on the Balikh, a tributary of the Euphrates in northern Mesopotamia. Abraham's family stopped here on the way from Ur, and it stayed the family's home ground: Isaac's and Jacob's wives were both fetched from it. Wikipedia
  • EuphratesTurkey, Syria, IraqThe longest river in western Asia, running about 1,700 miles from eastern Turkey to the Persian Gulf. It is the northern limit named in the promise to Abraham and the boundary Assyria and Babylon crossed to reach the Levant. Wikipedia
  • Mount EbalNablus, West BankThe bare northern side of the Shechem pass, 3,080 feet. The curses of the covenant were read from this side, facing Gerizim across the valley, in a natural amphitheatre with remarkable acoustics. Wikipedia
  • Mount GerizimNablus, West BankThe southern side of the same pass and the mountain of blessing. Samaritans built their temple on it and still worship there, which is the this mountain of the woman at the well. Wikipedia
  • UrTell el-Muqayyar, IraqA Sumerian city near the lower Euphrates, once close to the head of the Persian Gulf before the coastline moved. Leaving it for Canaan meant leaving one of the most developed places on earth for hill country. Wikipedia
  • MesopotamiaIraq and eastern SyriaThe land between the Tigris and Euphrates, flat, hot and farmable only by irrigation, which forced early cities into large-scale cooperation. Abraham came from its southern end and Israel's exiles were taken to its middle. Wikipedia
  • Ephraimcentral West BankThe central hill country north of Benjamin, the largest and best watered of the northern territories. It dominated the north so thoroughly that the prophets use Ephraim to mean the whole northern kingdom. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that Joshua's "choose you this day" is not an invitation to consider options but a demand for decisive commitment. The choice is not whether to serve — everyone serves something — but WHOM to serve. He also notes Joshua's surprising "Ye cannot serve the LORD" (v.19) as a test of sincerity: Joshua wants them to count the cost before pledging. Cheap commitment is worthless to a holy God.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Abide Overview - Joshua 15-24, Judges 1-4, John 1-4, 1 Corinthians 14-16
David Guzik

Joshua 23-24 | Joshua Dies | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

The Final Chapter: Joshua 24 – The Covenant Renewed
David Guzik

As For Me and My House... - Joshua 24
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Joshua -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Grace Recounted Before Commitment Is Asked (vv.2-13) — Before Joshua calls Israel to choose, he walks through everything God has already done for them, from Abraham to the conquest. Do you serve God out of grateful response to what He's already done, or as an attempt to earn His favor?
  • Choose Today, and Lead Your House First (v.15) — Joshua refuses to let the people stay neutral, and he declares his own household's commitment before asking anyone else to decide. Have you clearly declared, in word and example, whom your own household will serve?
  • Counting the Cost Before You Pledge (v.19) — Joshua's startling warning that they cannot serve the LORD is meant to test whether their commitment is real or just words spoken in the moment. Have you counted the real cost of following God, or is your commitment more emotion than substance?
  • Removing Rivals, Not Just Adding Devotion (v.23) — Joshua tells the people to physically put away the foreign gods still among them, not merely to add the LORD alongside their old loyalties. What competing "god" — comfort, approval, control — do you still need to actively put away rather than just set beside your faith?
  • Faithfulness That Doesn't Automatically Pass Down (v.31) — Israel serves the LORD throughout Joshua's lifetime and that of the elders who outlived him, but that faithfulness was not guaranteed to continue. Are you actively passing your faith to the next generation, or assuming they'll simply inherit it?
  • A Centuries-Old Promise Finally Kept (v.32) — Joseph's bones, carried out of Egypt generations earlier, are finally buried in the land he believed God would give Israel. What promise are you holding onto in faith, even if you may not live to see it fulfilled?