Joshua — Chapter 9

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1And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof;

2That they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord.

3And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai,

4They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up;

5And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.

6And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us.

7And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you?

8And they said unto Joshua, We are thy servants. And Joshua said unto them, Who are ye? and from whence come ye?

9And they said unto him, From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name of the LORD thy God: for we have heard the fame of him, and all that he did in Egypt,

10And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, which was at Ashtaroth.

11Wherefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake to us, saying, Take victuals with you for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them, We are your servants: therefore now make ye a league with us.

12This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and it is mouldy:

13And these bottles of wine, which we filled, were new; and, behold, they be rent: and these our garments and our shoes are become old by reason of the very long journey.

14And the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD.

15And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them.

16And it came to pass at the end of three days after they had made a league with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they dwelt among them.

17And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kirjath-jearim.

18And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

19But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them.

20This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them.

21And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the princes had promised them.

22And Joshua called for them, and he spake unto them, saying, Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying, We are very far from you; when ye dwell among us?

23Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall none of you be freed from being bondmen, and hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God.

24And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the LORD thy God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you, therefore we were sore afraid of our lives because of you, and have done this thing.

25And now, behold, we are in thine hand: as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do.

26And so did he unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, that they slew them not.

27And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the LORD, even unto this day, in the place which he should choose.

1And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan, in the hill-country, and in the lowland, and on all the shore of the great sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof;

2that they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord.

3But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai,

4they also did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine-skins, old and rent and bound up,

5and old and patched shoes upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and was become mouldy.

6And they went to Joshua unto the camp at Gilgal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, We are come from a far country: now therefore make ye a covenant with us.

7And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a covenant with you?

8And they said unto Joshua, We are thy servants. And Joshua said unto them, Who are ye? and from whence come ye?

9And they said unto him, From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name of Jehovah thy God: for we have heard the fame of him, and all that he did in Egypt,

10and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth.

11And our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake to us, saying, Take provision in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them, We are your servants: and now make ye a covenant with us.

12This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and is become mouldy:

13and these wine-skins, which we filled, were new; and, behold, they are rent: and these our garments and our shoes are become old by reason of the very long journey.

14And the men took of their provision, and asked not counsel at the mouth of Jehovah.

15And Joshua made peace with them, and made a covenant with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them.

16And it came to pass at the end of three days after they had made a covenant with them, that they heard that they were their neighbors, and that they dwelt among them.

17And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim.

18And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by Jehovah, the God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

19But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn unto them by Jehovah, the God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them.

20This we will do to them, and let them live; lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them.

21And the princes said unto them, Let them live: so they became hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation, as the princes had spoken unto them.

22And Joshua called for them, and he spake unto them, saying, Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying, We are very far from you; when ye dwell among us?

23Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall never fail to be of you bondmen, both hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God.

24And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that Jehovah thy God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; therefore we were sore afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.

25And now, behold, we are in thy hand: as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do.

26And so did he unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, that they slew them not.

27And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of Jehovah, unto this day, in the place which he should choose.

1When the news reached all the kings on the west side of the Jordan—in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the Mediterranean coast as far as Lebanon (including the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)—

2they formed an alliance to fight against Joshua and Israel.

3When the residents of Gibeon heard what Joshua did to Jericho and Ai,

4they did something clever. They collected some provisions and put worn-out sacks on their donkeys, along with worn-out wineskins that were ripped and patched.

5They had worn-out, patched sandals on their feet and dressed in worn-out clothes. All their bread was dry and hard.

6They came to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal and said to him and the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant land. Make a treaty with us.”

7The men of Israel said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you live near us. So how can we make a treaty with you?”

8But they said to Joshua, “We are willing to be your subjects.” So Joshua said to them, “Who are you and where do you come from?”

9They told him, “Your subjects have come from a very distant land because of the reputation of the Lord your God, for we have heard the news about all he did in Egypt

10and all he did to the two Amorite kings on the other side of the Jordan—King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan in Ashtaroth.

11Our leaders and all who live in our land told us, ‘Take provisions for your journey and go meet them. Tell them, “We are willing to be your subjects. Make a treaty with us.”’

12This bread of ours was warm when we packed it in our homes the day we started out to meet you, but now it is dry and hard.

13These wineskins we filled were brand new, but look how they have ripped. Our clothes and sandals have worn out because it has been a very long journey.”

14The men examined some of their provisions, but they failed to ask the Lord’s advice.

15Joshua made a peace treaty with them and agreed to let them live. The leaders of the community sealed it with an oath.

16Three days after they made the treaty with them, the Israelites found out they were from the local area and lived nearby.

17So the Israelites set out and on the third day arrived at their cities—Gibeon, Kephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath Jearim.

18The Israelites did not attack them because the leaders of the community had sworn an oath to them in the name of the Lord God of Israel. The whole community criticized the leaders,

19but all the leaders told the whole community, “We swore an oath to them in the name of the Lord God of Israel! So now we can’t hurt them.

20We must let them live so we can escape the curse attached to the oath we swore to them.”

21The leaders then added, “Let them live.” So they became woodcutters and water carriers for the whole community, as the leaders had decided.

22Joshua summoned the Gibeonites and said to them, “Why did you trick us by saying, ‘We live far away from you,’ when you really live nearby?

23Now you are condemned to perpetual servitude as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”

24They said to Joshua, “It was carefully reported to your subjects how the Lord your God commanded Moses his servant to assign you the whole land and to destroy all who live in the land from before you. Because of you we were terrified we would lose our lives, so we did this thing.

25So now we are in your power. Do to us what you think is good and appropriate.”

26Joshua did as they said; he kept the Israelites from killing them

27and that day made them woodcutters and water carriers for the community and for the altar of the Lord at the divinely chosen site. (They continue in that capacity to this very day.)

1When all the kings who were beyond the Jordan, in the hill country, and in the lowland, and on all the shore of the great sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard of it

2they gathered themselves together to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord.

3But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai,

4they also resorted to a ruse, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks on their donkeys, and old, torn-up and bound up wine skins,

5and old and patched shoes on their feet, and wore old garments. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy.

6They went to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal, and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a far country. Now therefore make a covenant with us.”

7The men of Israel said to the Hivites, “What if you live among us? How could we make a covenant with you?”

8They said to Joshua, “We are your servants.” Joshua said to them, “Who are you? Where do you come from?”

9They said to him, “Your servants have come from a very far country because of the name of Yahweh your God; for we have heard of his fame, all that he did in Egypt,

10and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and to Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth.

11Our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying, ‘Take supplies in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them. Tell them, “We are your servants. Now make a covenant with us.”’

12This our bread we took hot for our supplies out of our houses on the day we went out to go to you; but now, behold, it is dry, and has become moldy.

13These wine skins, which we filled, were new; and behold, they are torn. These our garments and our shoes have become old because of the very long journey.”

14The men sampled their provisions, and didn’t ask counsel from Yahweh’s mouth.

15Joshua made peace with them, and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The princes of the congregation swore to them.

16At the end of three days after they had made a covenant with them, they heard that they were their neighbors, and that they lived among them.

17The children of Israel traveled and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath Jearim.

18The children of Israel didn’t strike them, because the princes of the congregation had sworn to them by Yahweh, the God of Israel. All the congregation murmured against the princes.

19But all the princes said to all the congregation, “We have sworn to them by Yahweh, the God of Israel. Now therefore we may not touch them.

20We will do this to them, and let them live; lest wrath be on us, because of the oath which we swore to them.”

21The princes said to them, “Let them live, so they became wood cutters and drawers of water for all the congregation, as the princes had spoken to them.”

22Joshua called for them, and he spoke to them, saying, “Why have you deceived us, saying, ‘We are very far from you,’ when you live among us?

23Now therefore you are cursed, and some of you will never fail to be slaves, both wood cutters and drawers of water for the house of my God.”

24They answered Joshua, and said, “Because your servants were certainly told how Yahweh your God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you. Therefore we were very afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.

25Now, behold, we are in your hand. Do to us as it seems good and right to you to do.”

26He did so to them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, so that they didn’t kill them.

27That day Joshua made them wood cutters and drawers of water for the congregation and for Yahweh’s altar to this day, in the place which he should choose.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

The Gibeonites deceive Israel with moldy bread and worn-out clothes, pretending to be from a far country. Israel makes a covenant with them without consulting the LORD, and must honor it despite the deception.

Authorship & Background

Author: Joshua, with possible later editorial additions. Joshua was Moses' assistant and successor, who led Israel into the Promised Land. The book covers approximately 25 years (1406-1381 BC) — from the crossing of the Jordan to Joshua's death. Hebrew title: 'Yehoshua' — 'YHWH saves' (the same name as Jesus in Greek). The book demonstrates God's faithfulness to His land promise to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and shows that victory comes through faith and obedience, not human strength.
Historical Context: Chapter 9 records the Gibeonite deception — a cautionary tale about the danger of acting without consulting God. While most Canaanite kings unite to fight Israel (vv.1-2), the Gibeonites choose a different strategy: deception. They disguise themselves as travelers from a distant land and trick Israel into making a peace treaty. The critical failure: "the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD" (v.14). Israel relied on their own judgment — examining the evidence (old bread, worn sandals, torn wineskins) — rather than seeking God's guidance. The result: a binding oath that cannot be broken, even though it was obtained by fraud. The Gibeonites are spared but reduced to permanent servitude as "hewers of wood and drawers of water" for the tabernacle. This chapter teaches that even after great victories (Jericho, Ai), God's people remain vulnerable to deception when they fail to seek divine counsel. The enemy's most dangerous weapon is not military force but cunning — and the only defense is dependence on God.
The Canaanite Coalition (vv.1-2): All the kings west of the Jordan — Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites — hear of Israel's victories and unite "with one accord" to fight (vv.1-2). This is the expected response: military opposition.
The Gibeonite Deception (vv.3-13): The Gibeonites choose cunning over combat (v.3). They "did work wilily" (v.4) — disguising themselves with old sacks, torn wineskins, worn shoes, old garments, and dry, moldy bread (vv.4-5). They come to Gilgal claiming to be from "a far country" (v.6) and ask for a treaty. Israel is suspicious: "Peradventure ye dwell among us" (v.7). The Gibeonites claim they came "because of the name of the LORD thy God" — citing the fame of what God did in Egypt and to Sihon and Og (vv.9-10). They carefully avoid mentioning Jericho and Ai (recent events that would prove they are nearby). They present their "evidence": bread that was hot when they left, now dry; new wineskins, now torn; fresh clothes, now worn (vv.12-13).
Israel's Failure (vv.14-15): The fatal verse: "And the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD" (v.14). They examined the physical evidence but did not pray. They trusted their senses instead of seeking God. Joshua makes peace, makes a covenant to let them live, and the princes swear an oath (v.15).
The Deception Discovered (vv.16-21): Three days later, Israel discovers the Gibeonites are neighbors — their cities (Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, Kirjath-jearim) are nearby (vv.16-17). Israel cannot attack them because of the oath sworn "by the LORD God of Israel" (v.18). The congregation murmurs against the leaders (v.18). The princes insist: the oath must be honored, "lest wrath be upon us" (vv.19-20). Solution: the Gibeonites will live but serve as "hewers of wood and drawers of water" (v.21).
Joshua's Judgment (vv.22-27): Joshua confronts the Gibeonites: "Wherefore have ye beguiled us?" (v.22). He pronounces their sentence: "ye are cursed, and there shall none of you be freed from being bondmen, and hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God" (v.23). The Gibeonites explain their motive: they feared for their lives because God commanded Moses to destroy all inhabitants (v.24). They submit: "as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do" (v.25). Joshua spares them and assigns them to permanent tabernacle service (v.27).

Map & Geography

  • Gibeon: A major city in the central highlands, about 6 miles northwest of Jerusalem
  • The Gibeonites controlled four cities: Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim — all in Benjamin's territory
  • Gibeon's strategic location made it a key ally (or threat) for controlling the central hill country

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that the Gibeonites' deception succeeded because Israel trusted their own senses rather than seeking God. The moldy bread and worn sandals were convincing — but physical evidence can be fabricated. Only God's counsel is infallible. He also notes that the Gibeonites' faith (like Rahab's) was real — they believed God would destroy them and acted to survive. Their method was wrong, but their assessment of God's power was correct.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'Asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD' — there is the whole disaster in one sentence. They looked at the bread and believed their eyes. They felt the shoes and trusted their fingers. But they never bent the knee and asked the Almighty. How many treaties have we made with the world because we examined the evidence but forgot to pray? The eye deceives; the ear misleads; but God never lies."

Reflection

  • 1. "Asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD" (v.14). The most dangerous decisions are those made without prayer. Israel examined the evidence carefully — but evidence can be fabricated. Only God's counsel is infallible. Before every major decision: pray first, examine second.
  • 2. The enemy uses deception when force fails (vv.3-5). When the Canaanites cannot defeat Israel militarily, they try cunning. Satan operates the same way: "transformed into an angel of light" (2 Corinthians 11:14). Be more vigilant against deception than against open attack.
  • 3. Haste in covenant-making (v.15). Joshua made a binding oath in three days — without waiting, without praying, without investigating. Major commitments deserve time, prayer, and counsel. Do not let urgency (real or manufactured) pressure you into premature decisions.
  • 4. The sanctity of oaths (vv.18-20). Even a foolish oath sworn in God's name must be honored. The princes refuse to break their word despite the deception. God takes vows seriously. Be slow to swear and faithful to fulfill. Saul later broke this oath and brought famine on Israel (2 Samuel 21:1-2).
  • 5. God redeems even our mistakes (v.27). The Gibeonites — obtained by deception — end up serving God's altar. What began as Israel's failure becomes ongoing service to God's house. God weaves even our errors into His purposes. This does not excuse the error, but it demonstrates His sovereignty over our failures.
  • 6. Fear can produce faith — even imperfect faith (v.24). The Gibeonites feared God's power and acted to survive. Their method was deceptive, but their theology was correct: God had commanded the destruction of all Canaanites. Like Rahab, they responded to what they heard about God — imperfectly, but genuinely.