Joshua — Chapter 23
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1And it came to pass a long time after that the LORD had given rest unto Israel from all their enemies round about, that Joshua waxed old and stricken in age.
2And Joshua called for all Israel, and for their elders, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers, and said unto them, I am old and stricken in age:
3And ye have seen all that the LORD your God hath done unto all these nations because of you; for the LORD your God is he that hath fought for you.
4Behold, I have divided unto you by lot these nations that remain, to be an inheritance for your tribes, from Jordan, with all the nations that I have cut off, even unto the great sea westward.
5And the LORD your God, he shall expel them from before you, and drive them from out of your sight; and ye shall possess their land, as the LORD your God hath promised unto you.
6Be ye therefore very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, that ye turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left;
7That ye come not among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention of the names of their gods, nor cause to swear by them, neither serve them, nor bow yourselves unto them:
8But cleave unto the LORD your God, as ye have done unto this day.
9For the LORD hath driven out from before you great nations and strong: but as for you, no man hath been able to stand before you unto this day.
10One man of you shall chase a thousand: for the LORD your God, he it is that fighteth for you, as he hath promised you.
11Take good heed therefore unto yourselves, that ye love the LORD your God.
12Else if ye do in any wise go back, and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, even these that remain among you, and shall make marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you:
13Know for a certainty that the LORD your God will no more drive out any of these nations from before you; but they shall be snares and traps unto you, and scourges in your sides, and thorns in your eyes, until ye perish from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given you.
14And, behold, this day I am going the way of all the earth: and ye know in all your hearts and in all your souls, that not one thing hath failed of all the good things which the LORD your God spake concerning you; all are come to pass unto you, and not one thing hath failed thereof.
15Therefore it shall come to pass, that as all good things are come upon you, which the LORD your God promised you; so shall the LORD bring upon you all evil things, until he have destroyed you from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given you.
16When ye have transgressed the covenant of the LORD your God, which he commanded you, and have gone and served other gods, and bowed yourselves to them; then shall the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and ye shall perish quickly from off the good land which he hath given unto you.
1And it came to pass after many days, when Jehovah had given rest unto Israel from all their enemies round about, and Joshua was old and well stricken in years;
2that Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said unto them, I am old and well stricken in years:
3and ye have seen all that Jehovah your God hath done unto all these nations because of you; for Jehovah your God, he it is that hath fought for you.
4Behold, I have allotted unto you these nations that remain, to be an inheritance for your tribes, from the Jordan, with all the nations that I have cut off, even unto the great sea toward the going down of the sun.
5And Jehovah your God, he will thrust them out from before you, and drive them from out of your sight; and ye shall possess their land, as Jehovah your God spake unto you.
6Therefore be ye very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, that ye turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left;
7that ye come not among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention of the name of their gods, nor cause to swear [by them], neither serve them, nor bow down yourselves unto them;
8but cleave unto Jehovah your God, as ye have done unto this day.
9For Jehovah hath driven out from before you great nations and strong: but as for you, no man hath stood before you unto this day.
10One man of you shall chase a thousand; for Jehovah your God, he it is that fighteth for you, as he spake unto you.
11Take good heed therefore unto yourselves, that ye love Jehovah your God.
12Else if ye do at all go back, and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, even these that remain among you, and make marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you;
13know for a certainty that Jehovah your God will no more drive these nations from out of your sight; but they shall be a snare and a trap unto you, and a scourge in your sides, and thorns in your eyes, until ye perish from off this good land which Jehovah your God hath given you.
14And, behold, this day I am going the way of all the earth: and ye know in all your hearts and in all your souls, that not one thing hath failed of all the good things which Jehovah your God spake concerning you; all are come to pass unto you, not one thing hath failed thereof.
15And it shall come to pass, that as all the good things are come upon you of which Jehovah your God spake unto you, so will Jehovah bring upon you all the evil things, until he have destroyed you from off this good land which Jehovah your God hath given you.
16When ye transgress the covenant of Jehovah your God, which he commanded you, and go and serve other gods, and bow down yourselves to them; then will the anger of Jehovah be kindled against you, and ye shall perish quickly from off the good land which he hath given unto you.
1A long time passed after the Lord made Israel secure from all their enemies, and Joshua was very old.
2So Joshua summoned all Israel, including the elders, rulers, judges, and leaders, and told them: “I am very old.
3You saw everything the Lord your God did to all these nations on your behalf, for the Lord your God fights for you.
4See, I have parceled out to your tribes these remaining nations, from the Jordan to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, including all the nations I defeated.
5The Lord your God will drive them out from before you and remove them, so you can occupy their land as the Lord your God promised you.
6Be very strong! Carefully obey all that is written in the law scroll of Moses so you won’t swerve from it to the right or the left,
7or associate with these nations that remain near you. You must not invoke or make solemn declarations by the names of their gods! You must not worship or bow down to them!
8But you must be loyal to the Lord your God, as you have been to this very day.
9“The Lord drove out from before you great and mighty nations; no one has been able to resist you to this very day.
10One of you makes a thousand run away, for the Lord your God fights for you, as he promised you he would.
11Watch yourselves carefully! Love the Lord your God!
12But if you ever turn away and make alliances with these nations that remain near you, and intermarry with them and establish friendly relations with them,
13know for certain that the Lord your God will no longer drive out these nations from before you. They will trap and ensnare you; they will be a whip that tears your sides and thorns that blind your eyes until you disappear from this good land the Lord your God gave you.
14“Look, today I am about to die. You know with all your heart and being that not even one of all the faithful promises the Lord your God made to you is left unfulfilled; every one was realized—not one promise is unfulfilled!
15But in the same way that every faithful promise the Lord your God made to you has been realized, it is just as certain that if you disobey, then the Lord will bring on you every judgment until he destroys you from this good land that the Lord your God gave you.
16If you violate the covenantal laws of the Lord your God which he commanded you to keep, and you follow, worship, and bow down to other gods, then the Lord will be very angry with you and you will disappear quickly from the good land that he gave to you.”
1After many days, when Yahweh had given rest to Israel from their enemies all around, and Joshua was old and well advanced in years,
2Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said to them, “I am old and well advanced in years.
3You have seen all that Yahweh your God has done to all these nations because of you; for it is Yahweh your God who has fought for you.
4Behold, I have allotted to you these nations that remain, to be an inheritance for your tribes, from the Jordan, with all the nations that I have cut off, even to the great sea toward the going down of the sun.
5Yahweh your God will thrust them out from before you, and drive them from out of your sight. You shall possess their land, as Yahweh your God spoke to you.
6“Therefore be very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, that you not turn away from it to the right hand or to the left;
7that you not come among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention of the name of their gods, nor cause to swear by them, neither serve them, nor bow down yourselves to them;
8but hold fast to Yahweh your God, as you have done to this day.
9“For Yahweh has driven great and strong nations out from before you. But as for you, no man has stood before you to this day.
10One man of you shall chase a thousand; for it is Yahweh your God who fights for you, as he spoke to you.
11Take good heed therefore to yourselves, that you love Yahweh your God.
12“But if you do at all go back, and hold fast to the remnant of these nations, even these who remain among you, and make marriages with them, and go in to them, and they to you;
13know for a certainty that Yahweh your God will no longer drive these nations from out of your sight; but they shall be a snare and a trap to you, a scourge in your sides, and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from off this good land which Yahweh your God has given you.
14“Behold, today I am going the way of all the earth. You know in all your hearts and in all your souls that not one thing has failed of all the good things which Yahweh your God spoke concerning you. All have happened to you. Not one thing has failed of it.
15It shall happen that as all the good things have come on you of which Yahweh your God spoke to you, so Yahweh will bring on you all the evil things, until he has destroyed you from off this good land which Yahweh your God has given you,
16when you disobey the covenant of Yahweh your God, which he commanded you, and go and serve other gods, and bow down yourselves to them. Then Yahweh’s anger will be kindled against you, and you will perish quickly from off the good land which he has given to you.”
Summary
An aging Joshua gives a farewell address, warning Israel that God will drive them out if they intermarry with Canaanites and serve their gods. He reminds them that God has faithfully kept every promise.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Joshua addresses Israel at an unspecified location (likely Shiloh or Timnath-serah) near the end of his life
- The territory described: "from the Jordan to the Great Sea" — the full breadth of the promised land
- Nations remaining among Israel: scattered throughout the tribal territories, a persistent threat
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes the balance in Joshua's farewell: past faithfulness (God kept every promise) and future warning (He will also keep His threats). Joshua does not leave Israel with false comfort. He loves them enough to warn them. Guzik also highlights v.11 — "love the LORD your God" — as the single most important command. Everything else flows from this.
- Charles Spurgeon: "Joshua says, 'Not one thing hath failed.' This is the testimony of a man who walked with God for sixty years through wilderness and war. He tested every promise and found them all true. Can you say the same? Look back over your life — has God ever failed you? Has one word of His fallen to the ground? Then trust Him for the future. What He has been, He will be. What He has done, He will do."
Reflection
- 1. "Not one thing hath failed" (v.14). Joshua's deathbed testimony is God's perfect faithfulness. After a lifetime of testing God's promises, his verdict is: not one failed. Can we say the same? Look back — has God ever broken His word to you? Then trust Him for what lies ahead.
- 2. God's faithfulness cuts both ways (v.15). He is as faithful to judge as to bless. His warnings are as certain as His promises. We cannot claim His blessings while ignoring His conditions. Grace is not license. Mercy does not cancel holiness.
- 3. "Be very courageous to keep and to do" (v.6). Obedience requires courage — especially when surrounded by a culture that mocks God's standards. It takes more courage to obey than to fight. The hardest battles are internal, not external.
- 4. "Love the LORD your God" (v.11). This is the root command. All obedience flows from love. All apostasy begins with love growing cold. Guard your heart's affection for God above all else. When love is right, obedience follows naturally.
- 5. The danger of intermarriage/mixture (v.12). Joshua warns against intimate association with those who worship other gods. The application is not ethnic but spiritual: "Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers" (2 Corinthians 6:14). Intimate partnership with the world leads to spiritual compromise.
- 6. Snares, traps, scourges, thorns (v.13). The sins we tolerate become the sins that torment us. What we refuse to drive out becomes what drives us out. The Canaanites Israel kept became the instruments of Israel's suffering. Deal with sin completely — or it will deal with you.