Joshua — Chapter 4

Loading ESV text...

1And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,

2Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,

3And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this night.

4Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:

5And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel:

6That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?

7Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.

8And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.

9And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day.

10For the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan, until every thing was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hasted and passed over.

11And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.

12And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them:

13About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.

14On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.

15And the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,

16Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan.

17Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of Jordan.

18And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before.

19And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho.

20And those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal.

21And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?

22Then ye shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.

23For the LORD your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over:

24That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the LORD, that it is mighty: that ye might fear the LORD your God for ever.

1And it came to pass, when all the nation were clean passed over the Jordan, that Jehovah spake unto Joshua, saying,

2Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,

3and command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests` feet stood firm, twelve stones, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the lodging-place, where ye shall lodge this night.

4Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:

5and Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of Jehovah your God into the midst of the Jordan, and take you up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel;

6that this may be a sign among you, that, when your children ask in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?

7then ye shall say unto them, Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Jehovah; when it passed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.

8And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, as Jehovah spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.

9And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests that bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day.

10For the priests that bare the ark stood in the midst of the Jordan, until everything was finished that Jehovah commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hasted and passed over.

11And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of Jehovah passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.

12And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them:

13about forty thousand ready armed for war passed over before Jehovah unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.

14On that day Jehovah magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.

15And Jehovah spake unto Joshua, saying,

16Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of the Jordan.

17Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of the Jordan.

18And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of Jehovah were come up out of the midst of the Jordan, and the soles of the priests` feet were lifted up unto the dry ground, that the waters of the Jordan returned unto their place, and went over all its banks, as aforetime.

19And the people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, on the east border of Jericho.

20And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Joshua set up in Gilgal.

21And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?

22Then ye shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.

23For Jehovah your God dried up the waters of the Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as Jehovah your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were passed over;

24that all the peoples of the earth may know the hand of Jehovah, that it is mighty; that ye may fear Jehovah your God for ever.

1When the entire nation was on the other side, the Lord told Joshua,

2“Select for yourselves 12 men from the people, one per tribe.

3Instruct them, ‘Pick up 12 stones from the middle of the Jordan, from the very place where the priests stand firmly, and carry them over with you and put them in the place where you camp tonight.’”

4Joshua summoned the 12 men he had appointed from the Israelites, one per tribe.

5Joshua told them, “Go in front of the ark of the Lord your God to the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to put a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the Israelite tribes.

6The stones will be a reminder to you. When your children ask someday, ‘Why are these stones important to you?’

7tell them how the water of the Jordan stopped flowing before the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the water of the Jordan stopped flowing. These stones will be a lasting memorial for the Israelites.”

8The Israelites did just as Joshua commanded. They picked up 12 stones, according to the number of the Israelite tribes, from the middle of the Jordan as the Lord had instructed Joshua. They carried them over with them to the camp and put them there.

9Joshua also set up 12 stones in the middle of the Jordan in the very place where the priests carrying the ark of the covenant stood. They remain there to this very day.

10Now the priests carrying the ark of the covenant were standing in the middle of the Jordan until everything the Lord had commanded Joshua to tell the people was accomplished, in accordance with all that Moses had commanded Joshua. The people went across quickly,

11and when all the people had finished crossing, the ark of the Lord and the priests crossed as the people looked on.

12The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh crossed over armed for battle ahead of the Israelites, just as Moses had instructed them.

13About 40,000 battle-ready troops marched past the Lord to fight on the rift valley plains of Jericho.

14That day the Lord brought honor to Joshua before all Israel. They respected him all his life, just as they had respected Moses.

15The Lord told Joshua,

16“Instruct the priests carrying the ark of the covenantal laws to come up from the Jordan.”

17So Joshua instructed the priests, “Come up from the Jordan!”

18The priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord came up from the middle of the Jordan, and as soon as they set foot on dry land, the water of the Jordan flowed again and returned to flood stage.

19The people went up from the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month and camped in Gilgal on the eastern border of Jericho.

20Now Joshua set up in Gilgal the 12 stones they had taken from the Jordan.

21He told the Israelites, “When your children someday ask their fathers, ‘What do these stones represent?’

22explain to your children, ‘Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.’

23For the Lord your God dried up the water of the Jordan before you while you crossed over. It was just like when the Lord your God dried up the Red Sea before us while we crossed it.

24He has done this so all the nations of the earth might recognize the Lord’s power and so you might always obey the Lord your God.”

1When all the nation had completely crossed over the Jordan, Yahweh spoke to Joshua, saying,

2“Take twelve men out of the people, a man out of every tribe,

3and command them, saying, ‘Take from out of the middle of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and carry them over with you, and lay them down in the place where you’ll camp tonight.’”

4Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, a man out of every tribe.

5Joshua said to them, “Cross before the ark of Yahweh your God into the middle of the Jordan, and each of you pick up a stone and put it on your shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel;

6that this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask in the future, saying, ‘What do you mean by these stones?’

7then you shall tell them, ‘Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of Yahweh’s covenant. When it crossed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off. These stones shall be for a memorial to the children of Israel forever.’”

8The children of Israel did as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the middle of the Jordan, as Yahweh spoke to Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel. They carried them over with them to the place where they camped, and laid them down there.

9Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests who bore the ark of the covenant stood; and they are there to this day.

10For the priests who bore the ark stood in the middle of the Jordan, until everything was finished that Yahweh commanded Joshua to speak to the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua; and the people hurried and passed over.

11When all the people had completely crossed over, Yahweh’s ark crossed over, with the priests, in the presence of the people.

12The children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, crossed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spoke to them.

13About forty thousand men, ready and armed for war passed over before Yahweh to battle, to the plains of Jericho.

14On that day, Yahweh magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.

15Yahweh spoke to Joshua, saying,

16“Command the priests who bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of the Jordan.”

17Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, “Come up out of the Jordan!”

18When the priests who bore the ark of Yahweh’s covenant had come up out of the middle of the Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet had been lifted up to the dry ground, the waters of the Jordan returned to their place, and went over all its banks, as before.

19The people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, on the east border of Jericho.

20Joshua set up those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, in Gilgal.

21He spoke to the children of Israel, saying, “When your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, ‘What do these stones mean?’

22Then you shall let your children know, saying, ‘Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.

23For Yahweh your God dried up the waters of the Jordan from before you, until you had crossed over, as Yahweh your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up from before us, until we had crossed over;

24that all the peoples of the earth may know that Yahweh’s hand is mighty; that you may fear Yahweh your God forever.’”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Twelve stones are set up at Gilgal as a memorial of the Jordan crossing, so future generations will know God dried up the river. Israel camps at Gilgal, and the peoples of Canaan tremble in fear.

Authorship & Background

Author: Joshua, with possible later editorial additions. Joshua was Moses' assistant and successor, who led Israel into the Promised Land. The book covers approximately 25 years (1406-1381 BC) — from the crossing of the Jordan to Joshua's death. Hebrew title: 'Yehoshua' — 'YHWH saves' (the same name as Jesus in Greek). The book demonstrates God's faithfulness to His land promise to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and shows that victory comes through faith and obedience, not human strength.
Historical Context: Chapter 4 records the establishment of a memorial — twelve stones taken from the middle of the Jordan and set up at Gilgal. This chapter is about remembering. God commands Israel to create a physical, permanent reminder of what He has done so that future generations will know and fear Him. The key question is "What mean these stones?" (v.6,21) — when children ask, parents must tell the story. God understands that human memory is short and that faith must be transmitted from generation to generation through deliberate teaching. The twelve stones (one per tribe) represent the unity of all Israel in this miracle. The date is significant: the tenth day of the first month (v.19) — the same day the Passover lamb was selected in Egypt (Exodus 12:3). Israel enters Canaan on the anniversary of their redemption's beginning. The chapter also records the fulfillment of God's promise to magnify Joshua (3:7): "On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel" (v.14).
The Twelve Stones Commanded (vv.1-7): After all the people have crossed, God commands Joshua to select twelve men (one per tribe) to take twelve stones from the exact spot where the priests stood in the Jordan (vv.1-3). Each man carries a stone on his shoulder (v.5). The purpose: "that this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?" (v.6). The answer: the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark — "these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever" (v.7).
The Stones Set Up (vv.8-9): The people obey exactly as commanded (v.8). Joshua also sets up twelve stones IN the Jordan where the priests stood (v.9) — "and they are there unto this day." Two memorials: one in the river (visible at low water) and one at Gilgal (always visible).
The Crossing Completed (vv.10-13): The priests stand in the Jordan until everything is finished (v.10). The people cross in haste (v.10). After all have crossed, the ark and priests come up (v.11). The Transjordan tribes (Reuben, Gad, half-Manasseh) cross armed as promised — about 40,000 warriors (vv.12-13).
Joshua Exalted (v.14): "On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life." The promise of 3:7 is fulfilled. Joshua's authority is now established by divine miracle.
The Waters Return (vv.15-18): God commands the priests to come up out of the Jordan (vv.15-17). The moment the priests' feet touch dry land, "the waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before" (v.18). The miracle was precisely controlled — it lasted exactly as long as needed and not a moment longer.
The Memorial at Gilgal (vv.19-24): Israel camps at Gilgal on the tenth day of the first month (v.19). Joshua sets up the twelve stones at Gilgal (v.20). He instructs the people: when your children ask "What mean these stones?" tell them "Israel came over this Jordan on dry land" (vv.21-22). The explicit parallel: "as the LORD your God did to the Red sea" (v.23). The dual purpose: "That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the LORD, that it is mighty: that ye might fear the LORD your God for ever" (v.24) — witness to the nations AND worship from Israel.

Map & Geography

  • Jordan crossing point: Opposite Jericho, near the northern end of the Dead Sea
  • Gilgal: Israel's first camp in Canaan, located east of Jericho — memorial stones set up here
  • Twelve stones placed in the Jordan riverbed and twelve carried to Gilgal as a permanent memorial

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the importance of memorial and teaching. God knows that one generation's experience does not automatically transfer to the next — it must be deliberately taught. The stones are "sermon starters" — they provoke the question that opens the door to testimony. He also notes the date (tenth of the first month) connecting the Jordan crossing to the Passover lamb selection.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Build your memorials! Set up your stones! For you will forget — oh, how quickly you will forget what God has done. The Jordan will flow again, the waters will cover the place of miracle, and you will wonder if it ever happened. But the stones remain. Let your children see them. Let them ask. And then tell them — tell them what God did when the waters stood in a heap and a nation walked through on dry ground."

Reflection

  • 1. Build memorials (vv.6-7). God commands physical reminders because He knows we forget. What "stones" have you set up to remember God's faithfulness? Journals, testimonies, traditions, markers — build them. Your future self (and your children) will need them.
  • 2. "When your children ask" (v.6). Faith is transmitted through intentional teaching, not osmosis. God designs memorials to provoke questions from the next generation. Are you creating environments where your children ASK about God? And are you ready with answers?
  • 3. The same God, the same power (v.23). The Jordan crossing is explicitly linked to the Red Sea. God does not change between generations. What He did for your fathers, He will do for you. The stories of the past are promises for the present.
  • 4. Two purposes: witness and worship (v.24). God's mighty acts serve both evangelism ("all peoples of the earth may know") and devotion ("that ye might fear the LORD"). Our testimonies should point outward to the lost AND upward to God.
  • 5. God promotes His servants (v.14). Joshua did not campaign for authority — God gave it through miracle. Stop striving for recognition. If God has called you, He will validate you in His time. Your job is faithfulness; His job is promotion.
  • 6. Precise divine control (v.18). The waters returned the instant the priests' feet left the riverbed. God's miracles are not chaotic — they are precisely timed and perfectly controlled. He holds back the flood exactly as long as needed. Trust His timing.