Job — Chapter 20

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1Then Zophar the Naamathite replied:

2“So my anxious thoughts compel me to answer, because of the turmoil within me.

3I have heard a rebuke that insults me, and my understanding prompts a reply.

4Do you not know that from antiquity, since man was placed on the earth,

5the triumph of the wicked has been brief and the joy of the godless momentary?

6Though his arrogance reaches the heavens, and his head touches the clouds,

7he will perish forever, like his own dung; those who had seen him will ask, ‘Where is he?’

8He will fly away like a dream, never to be found; he will be chased away like a vision in the night.

9The eye that saw him will see him no more, and his place will no longer behold him.

10His sons will seek the favor of the poor, for his own hands must return his wealth.

11The youthful vigor that fills his bones will lie down with him in the dust.

12Though evil is sweet in his mouth and he conceals it under his tongue,

13though he cannot bear to let it go and keeps it in his mouth,

14yet in his stomach his food sours into the venom of cobras within him.

15He swallows wealth but vomits it out; God will force it from his stomach.

16He will suck the poison of cobras; the fangs of a viper will kill him.

17He will not enjoy the streams, the rivers flowing with honey and cream.

18He must return the fruit of his labor without consuming it; he cannot enjoy the profits of his trading.

19For he has oppressed and forsaken the poor; he has seized houses he did not build.

20Because his appetite is never satisfied, he cannot escape with his treasure.

21Nothing is left for him to consume; thus his prosperity will not endure.

22In the midst of his plenty, he will be distressed; the full force of misery will come upon him.

23When he has filled his stomach, God will vent His fury upon him, raining it down on him as he eats.

24Though he flees from an iron weapon, a bronze-tipped arrow will pierce him.

25It is drawn out of his back, the gleaming point from his liver. Terrors come over him.

26Total darkness is reserved for his treasures. A fire unfanned will consume him and devour what is left in his tent.

27The heavens will expose his iniquity, and the earth will rise up against him.

28The possessions of his house will be removed, flowing away on the day of God’s wrath.

29This is the wicked man’s portion from God, the inheritance God has appointed him.”

1Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,

2Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste.

3I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of my understanding causeth me to answer.

4Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth,

5That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment?

6Though his excellency mount up to the heavens, and his head reach unto the clouds;

7Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung: they which have seen him shall say, Where is he?

8He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found: yea, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night.

9The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall his place any more behold him.

10His children shall seek to please the poor, and his hands shall restore their goods.

11His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust.

12Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under his tongue;

13Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it still within his mouth:

14Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him.

15He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly.

16He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper’s tongue shall slay him.

17He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter.

18That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.

19Because he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor; because he hath violently taken away an house which he builded not;

20Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that which he desired.

21There shall none of his meat be left; therefore shall no man look for his goods.

22In the fulness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits: every hand of the wicked shall come upon him.

23When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating.

24He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of steel shall strike him through.

25It is drawn, and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall: terrors are upon him.

26All darkness shall be hid in his secret places: a fire not blown shall consume him; it shall go ill with him that is left in his tabernacle.

27The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise up against him.

28The increase of his house shall depart, and his goods shall flow away in the day of his wrath.

29This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed unto him by God.

1Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said,

2Therefore do my thoughts give answer to me, Even by reason of my haste that is in me.

3I have heard the reproof which putteth me to shame; And the spirit of my understanding answereth me.

4Knowest thou [not] this of old time, Since man was placed upon earth,

5That the triumphing of the wicked is short, And the joy of the godless but for a moment?

6Though his height mount up to the heavens, And his head reach unto the clouds;

7Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung: They that have seen him shall say, Where is he?

8He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found: Yea, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night.

9The eye which saw him shall see him no more; Neither shall his place any more behold him.

10His children shall seek the favor of the poor, And his hands shall give back his wealth.

11His bones are full of his youth, But it shall lie down with him in the dust.

12Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, Though he hide it under his tongue,

13Though he spare it, and will not let it go, But keep it still within his mouth;

14Yet his food in his bowels is turned, It is the gall of asps within him.

15He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again; God will cast them out of his belly.

16He shall suck the poison of asps: The viper`s tongue shall slay him.

17He shall not look upon the rivers, The flowing streams of honey and butter.

18That which he labored for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down; According to the substance that he hath gotten, he shall not rejoice.

19For he hath oppressed and forsaken the poor; He hath violently taken away a house, and he shall not build it up.

20Because he knew no quietness within him, He shall not save aught of that wherein he delighteth.

21There was nothing left that he devoured not; Therefore his prosperity shall not endure.

22In the fulness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits: The hand of every one that is in misery shall come upon him.

23When he is about to fill his belly, [God] will cast the fierceness of his wrath upon him, And will rain it upon him while he is eating.

24He shall flee from the iron weapon, And the bow of brass shall strike him through.

25He draweth it forth, and it cometh out of his body; Yea, the glittering point cometh out of his gall: Terrors are upon him.

26All darkness is laid up for his treasures: A fire not blown [by man] shall devour him; It shall consume that which is left in his tent.

27The heavens shall reveal his iniquity, And the earth shall rise up against him.

28The increase of his house shall depart; [His goods] shall flow away in the day of his wrath.

29This is the portion of a wicked man from God, And the heritage appointed unto him by God.

1Then Zophar the Naamathite answered:

2“This is why my troubled thoughts bring me back— because of my feelings within me.

3When I hear a reproof that dishonors me, then my understanding prompts me to answer.

4“Surely you know that it has been from old, ever since humankind was placed on the earth,

5that the elation of the wicked is brief, the joy of the godless lasts but a moment.

6Even though his stature reaches to the heavens and his head touches the clouds,

7he will perish forever, like his own excrement; those who used to see him will say, ‘Where is he?’

8Like a dream he flies away, never again to be found, and like a vision of the night he is put to flight.

9People who had seen him will not see him again, and the place where he was will recognize him no longer.

10His sons must recompense the poor; his own hands must return his wealth.

11His bones were full of his youthful vigor, but that vigor will lie down with him in the dust.

12“If evil is sweet in his mouth and he hides it under his tongue,

13if he retains it for himself and does not let it go, and holds it fast in his mouth,

14his food is turned sour in his stomach; it becomes the venom of serpents within him.

15The wealth that he consumed he vomits up, God will make him throw it out of his stomach.

16He sucks the poison of serpents; the fangs of a viper kill him.

17He will not look on the streams, the rivers that are the torrents of honey and butter.

18He gives back the ill-gotten gain without assimilating it; he will not enjoy the wealth from his commerce.

19For he has oppressed the poor and abandoned them; he has seized a house which he did not build.

20For he knows no satisfaction in his appetite; he does not let anything he desires escape.

21Nothing is left for him to devour; that is why his prosperity does not last.

22In the fullness of his sufficiency, distress overtakes him. The full force of misery will come upon him.

23While he is filling his belly, God sends his burning anger against him and rains down his blows upon him.

24If he flees from an iron weapon, then an arrow from a bronze bow pierces him.

25When he pulls it out and it comes out of his back, the gleaming point out of his liver, terrors come over him.

26Total darkness waits to receive his treasures; a fire that has not been kindled will consume him and devour what is left in his tent.

27The heavens reveal his iniquity; the earth rises up against him.

28A flood will carry off his house, rushing waters on the day of God’s wrath.

29Such is the lot God allots the wicked, and the heritage of his appointment from God.”

1Then Zophar the Naamathite answered,

2“Therefore do my thoughts give answer to me, even by reason of my haste that is in me.

3I have heard the reproof which puts me to shame. The spirit of my understanding answers me.

4Don’t you know this from old time, since man was placed on earth,

5that the triumphing of the wicked is short, the joy of the godless but for a moment?

6Though his height mount up to the heavens, and his head reach to the clouds,

7yet he shall perish forever like his own dung. Those who have seen him shall say, ‘Where is he?’

8He shall fly away as a dream, and shall not be found. Yes, he shall be chased away like a vision of the night.

9The eye which saw him shall see him no more, neither shall his place any more see him.

10His children shall seek the favor of the poor. His hands shall give back his wealth.

11His bones are full of his youth, but youth shall lie down with him in the dust.

12“Though wickedness is sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under his tongue,

13though he spare it, and will not let it go, but keep it still within his mouth;

14yet his food in his bowels is turned. It is cobra venom within him.

15He has swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again. God will cast them out of his belly.

16He shall suck cobra venom. The viper’s tongue shall kill him.

17He shall not look at the rivers, the flowing streams of honey and butter.

18That for which he labored he shall restore, and shall not swallow it down. According to the substance that he has gotten, he shall not rejoice.

19For he has oppressed and forsaken the poor. He has violently taken away a house, and he shall not build it up.

20“Because he knew no quietness within him, he shall not save anything of that in which he delights.

21There was nothing left that he didn’t devour, therefore his prosperity shall not endure.

22In the fullness of his sufficiency, distress shall overtake him. The hand of everyone who is in misery shall come on him.

23When he is about to fill his belly, God will cast the fierceness of his wrath on him. It will rain on him while he is eating.

24He shall flee from the iron weapon. The bronze arrow shall strike him through.

25He draws it out, and it comes out of his body. Yes, the glittering point comes out of his liver. Terrors are on him.

26All darkness is laid up for his treasures. An unfanned fire shall devour him. It shall consume that which is left in his tent.

27The heavens shall reveal his iniquity. The earth shall rise up against him.

28The increase of his house shall depart. They shall rush away in the day of his wrath.

29This is the portion of a wicked man from God, the heritage appointed to him by God.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Zophar answers a second time, admitting his agitated feelings compel him to respond, and reasserts the ancient teaching that the joy of the wicked has always been brief, however high their stature may rise (vv. 1-11). He describes wickedness as sweet in the mouth but turning to venom in the stomach, so that the wealth a wicked man swallows he is ultimately forced to vomit back up and never enjoy (vv. 12-19). Because his appetite is never satisfied, disaster overtakes him at the height of his abundance, as God unleashes burning anger, arrows, and terror upon him even as he tries to flee (vv. 20-25). Zophar concludes that darkness, unkindled fire, and floodwaters will consume the wicked man's house and treasures on the day of God's wrath, declaring this the inheritance God allots to every wicked person (vv. 26-29).

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown. Candidates include Job himself, Moses, Solomon, or an anonymous sage. Likely the oldest book in the Bible by setting (patriarchal era, approximately 2000-1800 BC), though the date of composition is debated. The book addresses the problem of innocent suffering and God's sovereignty.
Historical Context: Chapter 20 is Zophar's second and final speech (he does not appear in the third cycle). Like Bildad's second speech (ch. 18), Zophar's second speech offers no hope, no conditions, and no path to restoration — only a vivid description of the wicked man's fate. His theme is specific: the joy of the wicked is brief, and God will force them to vomit up their ill-gotten wealth. The imagery is visceral — swallowing and vomiting, poison and bile, consuming and being consumed. Zophar is stung by Job's declaration of a living Redeemer (19:25) and his warning about judgment (19:29). He responds by doubling down: no, the wicked will be punished immediately and visibly. His theology cannot accommodate a Redeemer who vindicates the sufferer — it only has room for a Judge who punishes the sinner.
Classification: Wisdom Literature
Key Themes: Zophar visibly agitated by Job's warning about a coming judgment and rushing to answer defensively, a thesis stated as ancient and self-evident, the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment, wickedness pictured as sweet food that turns to the gall of asps once swallowed, riches consumed greedily and then forced back up, God shall cast them out of his belly, and a closing verdict naming this the heritage appointed unto him by God as though the matter were settled beyond appeal
Zophar's Motivation (vv.1-3): "Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste" (v.2). Zophar is agitated — Job's words have disturbed him ("I have heard the check of my reproach" — v.3). Job's warning in 19:29 ("be ye afraid of the sword") has provoked Zophar to respond defensively. His "spirit of understanding" compels him — he believes he has insight the others lack. But his "insight" is the same retribution theology repackaged with more vivid imagery.
The Brevity of Wicked Joy (vv.4-11): Zophar's thesis: "Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth, That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment?" (vv.4-5). Even if the wicked man's glory reaches the heavens, "he shall perish for ever like his own dung" (v.7) — crude and deliberate imagery. He will vanish like a dream (v.8), never to be seen again. His children will "seek to please the poor" (v.10) — forced to return what their father stole. "His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust" (v.11) — sin follows him to the grave.
The Vomiting of Wealth (vv.12-22): Zophar's central image: sin is like sweet food that turns to poison in the stomach. "Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide it under his tongue" (v.12), it becomes "the gall of asps within him" (v.14). "He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly" (v.15). The wicked man consumed greedily — now God forces him to vomit everything back up. He will not enjoy rivers of honey and butter (v.17). He restores what he labored for and cannot enjoy it (v.18). Why? "Because he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor" (v.19). The implied accusation: Job's former wealth must have come through oppression — and God has now forced him to vomit it up.
God's Wrath (vv.23-29): When the wicked man is about to feast, "God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating" (v.23). He flees iron weapons only to be struck by bronze arrows (v.24). "All darkness shall be hid in his secret places" (v.26) — hidden treasures become hidden destruction. Heaven reveals his iniquity; earth rises against him (v.27). His house's increase "shall depart" in "the day of his wrath" (v.28). Zophar's conclusion: "This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed unto him by God" (v.29). God assigns this fate — it is divinely decreed.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes that Zophar's speech is essentially a longer version of his first speech (ch. 11) with added visceral imagery. He has not grown or reconsidered — he has simply become more graphic. The vomiting imagery reveals Zophar's view of Job's loss: God is forcing Job to give back what he should never have had. This directly contradicts 1:1-3 where Job's wealth is presented as divine blessing on genuine righteousness. Guzik also observes that Zophar's departure after this speech (no third speech) may indicate he has nothing left to say — his theology cannot develop beyond "the wicked are punished."
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Job 20 - Bible Study and Explanation in 5 Minute
2BeLikeChrist

Job 18-21 - I Know My Redeemer Lives
David Guzik

Job 18-21 | I Know My Redeemer Lives | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the speech from the whirlwind, and why it answers Job the way it does.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Job -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Judgment Isn't Always Immediate (v.5) — Zophar insists the wicked man's triumph is always brief, a theology that requires visible, instant judgment every time. Have you noticed how some wrongdoing seems to go unpunished for a long time, and does that shake or refine your understanding of God's justice?
  • Vivid Language That Reveals the Heart (vv.12-15) — Zophar's graphic imagery of wealth turning to poison and being vomited back up betrays how emotionally invested he is in seeing Job specifically brought low. Do you ever find satisfaction in someone's downfall because it seems to confirm what you already believed about them?
  • An Accusation Dressed as General Truth (v.19) — Zophar's claim that "the wicked man oppresses the poor" is aimed squarely at Job without any actual evidence that Job ever did this. Do you apply a true principle to a specific person's situation without first checking whether it actually fits them?
  • Certainty That Outruns the Evidence (v.29) — Zophar declares with total confidence that this fate is Job's assigned portion from God, though he has no revelation or proof beyond his own theological system. Are your strongest certainties about other people grounded in what you actually know, or in what your assumptions need to be true?