Job — Chapter 39

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1“Do you know when mountain goats give birth? Have you watched the doe bear her fawn?

2Can you count the months they are pregnant? Do you know the time they give birth?

3They crouch down and bring forth their young; they deliver their newborn.

4Their young ones thrive and grow up in the open field; they leave and do not return.

5Who set the wild donkey free? Who released the swift donkey from the harness?

6I made the wilderness his home and the salt flats his dwelling.

7He scorns the tumult of the city and never hears the shouts of a driver.

8He roams the mountains for pasture, searching for any green thing.

9Will the wild ox consent to serve you? Will he stay by your manger at night?

10Can you hold him to the furrow with a harness? Will he plow the valleys behind you?

11Can you rely on his great strength? Will you leave your hard work to him?

12Can you trust him to bring in your grain and gather it to your threshing floor?

13The wings of the ostrich flap joyfully, but cannot match the pinions and feathers of the stork.

14For she leaves her eggs on the ground and lets them warm in the sand.

15She forgets that a foot may crush them, or a wild animal may trample them.

16She treats her young harshly, as if not her own, with no concern that her labor was in vain.

17For God has deprived her of wisdom; He has not endowed her with understanding.

18Yet when she proudly spreads her wings, she laughs at the horse and its rider.

19Do you give strength to the horse or adorn his neck with a mane?

20Do you make him leap like a locust, striking terror with his proud snorting?

21He paws in the valley and rejoices in his strength; he charges into battle.

22He laughs at fear, frightened of nothing; he does not turn back from the sword.

23A quiver rattles at his side, along with a flashing spear and lance.

24Trembling with excitement, he devours the distance; he cannot stand still when the ram’s horn sounds.

25At the blast of the horn, he snorts with fervor. He catches the scent of battle from afar, the shouts of captains and the cry of war.

26Does the hawk take flight by your understanding and spread his wings toward the south?

27Does the eagle soar at your command and make his nest on high?

28He dwells on a cliff and lodges there; his stronghold is on a rocky crag.

29From there he spies out food; his eyes see it from afar.

30His young ones feast on blood; and where the slain are, there he is.”

1Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?

2Canst thou number the months that they fulfil? or knowest thou the time when they bring forth?

3They bow themselves, they bring forth their young ones, they cast out their sorrows.

4Their young ones are in good liking, they grow up with corn; they go forth, and return not unto them.

5Who hath sent out the wild ass free? or who hath loosed the bands of the wild ass?

6Whose house I have made the wilderness, and the barren land his dwellings.

7He scorneth the multitude of the city, neither regardeth he the crying of the driver.

8The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.

9Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib?

10Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee?

11Wilt thou trust him, because his strength is great? or wilt thou leave thy labour to him?

12Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn?

13Gavest thou the goodly wings unto the peacocks? or wings and feathers unto the ostrich?

14Which leaveth her eggs in the earth, and warmeth them in dust,

15And forgetteth that the foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may break them.

16She is hardened against her young ones, as though they were not hers: her labour is in vain without fear;

17Because God hath deprived her of wisdom, neither hath he imparted to her understanding.

18What time she lifteth up herself on high, she scorneth the horse and his rider.

19Hath thou given the horse strength? hast thou clothed his neck with thunder?

20Canst thou make him afraid as a grasshopper? the glory of his nostrils is terrible.

21He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed men.

22He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted; neither turneth he back from the sword.

23The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering spear and the shield.

24He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage: neither believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet.

25He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.

26Doth the hawk fly by thy wisdom, and stretch her wings toward the south?

27Doth the eagle mount up at thy command, and make her nest on high?

28She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place.

29From thence she seeketh the prey, and her eyes behold afar off.

30Her young ones also suck up blood: and where the slain are, there is she.

1Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? [Or] canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?

2Canst thou number the months that they fulfil? Or knowest thou the time when they bring forth?

3They bow themselves, they bring forth their young, They cast out their pains.

4Their young ones become strong, they grow up in the open field; They go forth, and return not again.

5Who hath sent out the wild ass free? Or who hath loosed the bonds of the swift ass,

6Whose home I have made the wilderness, And the salt land his dwelling-place?

7He scorneth the tumult of the city, Neither heareth he the shoutings of the driver.

8The range of the mountains is his pasture, And he searcheth after every green thing.

9Will the wild-ox be content to serve thee? Or will he abide by thy crib?

10Canst thou bind the wild-ox with his band in the furrow? Or will he harrow the valleys after thee?

11Wilt thou trust him, because his strength is great? Or wilt thou leave to him thy labor?

12Wilt thou confide in him, that he will bring home thy seed, And gather [the grain] of thy threshing-floor?

13The wings of the ostrich wave proudly; [But] are they the pinions and plumage of love?

14For she leaveth her eggs on the earth, And warmeth them in the dust,

15And forgetteth that the foot may crush them, Or that the wild beast may trample them.

16She dealeth hardly with her young ones, as if they were not hers: Though her labor be in vain, [she is] without fear;

17Because God hath deprived her of wisdom, Neither hath he imparted to her understanding.

18What time she lifteth up herself on high, She scorneth the horse and his rider.

19Hast thou given the horse [his] might? Hast thou clothed his neck with the quivering mane?

20Hast thou made him to leap as a locust? The glory of his snorting is terrible.

21He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: He goeth out to meet the armed men.

22He mocketh at fear, and is not dismayed; Neither turneth he back from the sword.

23The quiver rattleth against him, The flashing spear and the javelin.

24He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage; Neither believeth he that it is the voice of the trumpet.

25As oft as the trumpet [soundeth] he saith, Aha! And he smelleth the battle afar off, The thunder of the captains, and the shouting.

26Is it by thy wisdom that the hawk soareth, (And) stretcheth her wings toward the south?

27Is it at thy command that the eagle mounteth up, And maketh her nest on high?

28On the cliff she dwelleth, and maketh her home, Upon the point of the cliff, and the stronghold.

29From thence she spieth out the prey; Her eyes behold it afar off.

30Her young ones also suck up blood: And where the slain are, there is she.

1“Are you acquainted with the way the mountain goats give birth? Do you watch as the wild deer give birth to their young?

2Do you count the months they must fulfill, and do you know the time they give birth?

3They crouch; they bear their young; they bring forth the offspring they have carried.

4Their young grow strong and grow up in the open; they go off and do not return to them.

5Who let the wild donkey go free? Who released the bonds of the donkey,

6to whom I appointed the arid rift valley for its home, the salt wastes as its dwelling place?

7It scorns the tumult in the town; it does not hear the shouts of a driver.

8It ranges the hills as its pasture and searches after every green plant.

9Is the wild ox willing to be your servant? Will it spend the night at your feeding trough?

10Can you bind the wild ox to a furrow with its rope; will it till the valleys, following after you?

11Will you rely on it because its strength is great? Will you commit your labor to it?

12Can you count on it to bring in your grain and gather the grain to your threshing floor?

13“The wings of the ostrich flap with joy, but are they the pinions and plumage of a stork?

14For she leaves her eggs on the ground and lets them be warmed on the soil.

15She forgets that a foot might crush them or that a wild animal might trample them.

16She is harsh with her young, as if they were not hers; she is unconcerned about the uselessness of her labor.

17For God deprived her of wisdom and did not impart understanding to her.

18But as soon as she springs up, she laughs at the horse and its rider.

19“Do you give the horse its strength? Do you clothe its neck with a mane?

20Do you make it leap like a locust? Its proud neighing is terrifying!

21It paws the ground in the valley, exulting mightily; it goes out to meet the weapons.

22It laughs at fear and is not dismayed; it does not shy away from the sword.

23On it the quiver rattles; the lance and javelin flash.

24In excitement and impatience it consumes the ground; it cannot stand still when the trumpet is blown.

25At the sound of the trumpet, it says, ‘Aha!’ And from a distance it catches the scent of battle, the thunderous shouting of commanders, and the battle cries.

26“Is it by your understanding that the hawk soars and spreads its wings toward the south?

27Is it at your command that the eagle soars and builds its nest on high?

28It lives on a rock and spends the night there, on a rocky crag and a fortress.

29From there it spots its prey; its eyes gaze intently from a distance.

30And its young ones devour the blood, and where the dead carcasses are, there it is.”

1“Do you know the time when the mountain goats give birth? Do you watch when the doe bears fawns?

2Can you count the months that they fulfill? Or do you know the time when they give birth?

3They bow themselves, they bear their young. They end their labor pains.

4Their young ones become strong. They grow up in the open field. They go out, and don’t return again.

5“Who has set the wild donkey free? Or who has loosened the bonds of the swift donkey,

6Whose home I have made the wilderness, and the salt land his dwelling place?

7He scorns the tumult of the city, neither does he hear the shouting of the driver.

8The range of the mountains is his pasture, He searches after every green thing.

9“Will the wild ox be content to serve you? Or will he stay by your feeding trough?

10Can you hold the wild ox in the furrow with his harness? Or will he till the valleys after you?

11Will you trust him, because his strength is great? Or will you leave to him your labor?

12Will you confide in him, that he will bring home your seed, and gather the grain of your threshing floor?

13“The wings of the ostrich wave proudly; but are they the feathers and plumage of love?

14For she leaves her eggs on the earth, warms them in the dust,

15and forgets that the foot may crush them, or that the wild animal may trample them.

16She deals harshly with her young ones, as if they were not hers. Though her labor is in vain, she is without fear,

17because God has deprived her of wisdom, neither has he imparted to her understanding.

18When she lifts up herself on high, she scorns the horse and his rider.

19“Have you given the horse might? Have you clothed his neck with a quivering mane?

20Have you made him to leap as a locust? The glory of his snorting is awesome.

21He paws in the valley, and rejoices in his strength. He goes out to meet the armed men.

22He mocks at fear, and is not dismayed, neither does he turn back from the sword.

23The quiver rattles against him, the flashing spear and the javelin.

24He eats up the ground with fierceness and rage, neither does he stand still at the sound of the trumpet.

25As often as the trumpet sounds he snorts, ‘Aha!’ He smells the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.

26“Is it by your wisdom that the hawk soars, and stretches her wings toward the south?

27Is it at your command that the eagle mounts up, and makes his nest on high?

28On the cliff he dwells, and makes his home, on the point of the cliff, and the stronghold.

29From there he spies out the prey. His eyes see it afar off.

30His young ones also suck up blood. Where the slain are, there he is.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

God continues His interrogation of Job, turning from cosmic phenomena to the animal kingdom. Does Job know when the mountain goats and deer give birth, or number their months, though God tends their cycles in remote places no human ever sees? (vv. 1-4). God set the wild donkey free to roam the wilderness, scorning the city and ignoring every driver's shout, and the wild ox refuses to serve or trust any man (vv. 5-12). The ostrich, deprived of wisdom, deals carelessly with her eggs and young, yet outruns a horse when she rises up (vv. 13-18). The war horse is described in soaring detail — clothed with strength, laughing at fear, and charging fearlessly into battle at the sound of the trumpet (vv. 19-25). The hawk and eagle fly and nest by God's instinct alone, not Job's wisdom, spotting prey from unreachable heights (vv. 26-30). Each creature lives entirely outside human control, proof that God's care and design extend far beyond what Job can master or even observe.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown (see Chapter 1 notes for full discussion).
Historical Context: Chapter 39 continues God's first speech from the whirlwind, shifting from cosmic phenomena (ch.38: earth, sea, dawn, snow, stars, weather) to the animal kingdom. God surveys creatures that live entirely outside human control: mountain goats, wild donkeys, wild oxen, ostriches, horses, hawks, and eagles. The theological point is consistent: God's wisdom and care extend to realms Job never touches. Creatures Job cannot tame, feed, or even observe are sustained by God's providence daily. If God's wisdom operates in the wild places beyond human reach, it also operates in the painful places beyond human understanding.
Classification: Wisdom Literature
Key Themes: God's interrogation shifting from cosmic phenomena to animals that live entirely outside human control, mountain goats and wild donkeys whose reproductive cycles God oversees without any need of human awareness, a wild ox too powerful and untameable to ever serve a man's field, an ostrich called foolish and deprived of wisdom yet able to outrun a horse, one of the most magnificent animal descriptions in literature given to a war horse that laughs at fear and smells battle from afar, and hawks and eagles that nest on unreachable crags governed entirely by instinct rather than instruction
Mountain Goats and Deer (vv.1-4): Do you know when they give birth? Can you number their months? God oversees the reproductive cycles of animals in remote places where no human watches. His care does not require human awareness to function.
The Wild Donkey (vv.5-8): God set the wild donkey free (v.5) — gave it the desert for a home (v.6). It scorns the city and ignores the driver's shouts (v.7). God created creatures that deliberately resist human domestication. Freedom and wildness are part of His design, not flaws in it.
The Wild Ox (vv.9-12): "Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee?" (KJV v.9). The wild ox is powerful but untameable. Job cannot harness it, trust it, or make it work his fields. God created strength that serves no human purpose — because not everything exists for humans.
The Ostrich (vv.13-18): The most unusual passage. God describes the ostrich as foolish: she leaves her eggs unprotected (v.14), deals cruelly with her young (v.16), and lacks wisdom (v.17) — "because God hath deprived her of wisdom" (v.17). Yet she can outrun a horse (v.18). God made a creature that is simultaneously foolish and magnificent. Not all of God's creation fits neat categories of "wise" or "useful." Some creatures are simply wild and strange — and God delights in them.
The War Horse (vv.19-25): One of the most magnificent animal descriptions in all literature. "Hast thou given the horse strength?" (v.19). The horse laughs at fear (v.22), does not turn from the sword (v.22), paws the ground with fierceness (v.24), and says "Ha, ha!" among the trumpets (v.25). He smells battle from afar. God made a creature of terrible beauty — fierce, fearless, and exhilarating. This is God's artistry on display.
Hawk and Eagle (vv.26-30): "Doth the hawk fly by thy wisdom?" (v.26). Does the eagle mount up at Job's command? (v.27). These birds of prey operate by God's instinct, not human instruction. They nest on unreachable crags (v.28), see prey from impossible distances (v.29). God governs the skies without human help.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that God's animal survey makes a single point repeatedly: God's wisdom, care, and sovereign design extend to realms entirely beyond human control or understanding. If God governs wild goats, donkeys, oxen, ostriches, horses, hawks, and eagles — all without human help — He certainly governs human lives without needing to explain Himself. Guzik notes the ostrich passage is particularly striking: God made something deliberately "foolish" and delights in it. Not all of creation is "useful" — some of it is simply wild and wonderful.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Job 39 - Bible Study and Explanation in 5 Minute
2BeLikeChrist

Job 38-39 - When God Came in a Whirlwind
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the speech from the whirlwind, and why it answers Job the way it does.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Job -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • God's Care Operates Where No One Is Watching (v.1) — God asks Job whether he knows when the mountain goats give birth in remote places no human ever sees. If God's providence is active in places you'll never observe, can you trust it's just as active in the parts of your life you can't fully see either?
  • Not Everything Exists to Serve You (v.6) — God describes making the wild donkey free, deliberately resistant to human control or usefulness. Do you tend to measure the value of things, or people, only by how useful they are to you?
  • God Delights in What Doesn't Fit Neat Categories (v.17) — The ostrich is described as lacking wisdom, yet magnificent in speed, and God made her that way on purpose. Are you able to see the foolish or unconventional parts of your own life as something God can still delight in, rather than only what's polished and impressive?
  • God Supplies the Strength for What He Assigns (v.19) — The horse's fearless strength in battle is described as a gift God gave it, not something it generated on its own. Whatever task God has placed in front of you, are you trying to manufacture the strength yourself, or receiving what He's already provided?