Job — Chapter 41

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1“Can you pull in Leviathan with a hook or tie down his tongue with a rope?

2Can you put a cord through his nose or pierce his jaw with a hook?

3Will he beg you for mercy or speak to you softly?

4Will he make a covenant with you to take him as a slave for life?

5Can you pet him like a bird or put him on a leash for your maidens?

6Will traders barter for him or divide him among the merchants?

7Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears?

8If you lay a hand on him, you will remember the battle and never repeat it!

9Surely hope of overcoming him is false. Is not the sight of him overwhelming?

10No one is so fierce as to rouse Leviathan. Then who is able to stand against Me?

11Who has given to Me that I should repay him? Everything under heaven is Mine.

12I cannot keep silent about his limbs, his power and graceful form.

13Who can strip off his outer coat? Who can approach him with a bridle?

14Who can open his jaws, ringed by his fearsome teeth?

15His rows of scales are his pride, tightly sealed together.

16One scale is so near to another that no air can pass between them.

17They are joined to one another; they clasp and cannot be separated.

18His snorting flashes with light, and his eyes are like the rays of dawn.

19Firebrands stream from his mouth; fiery sparks shoot forth!

20Smoke billows from his nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning reeds.

21His breath sets coals ablaze, and flames pour from his mouth.

22Strength resides in his neck, and dismay leaps before him.

23The folds of his flesh are tightly joined; they are firm and immovable.

24His chest is as hard as a rock, as hard as a lower millstone!

25When Leviathan rises up, the mighty are terrified; they withdraw before his thrashing.

26The sword that reaches him has no effect, nor does the spear or dart or arrow.

27He regards iron as straw and bronze as rotten wood.

28No arrow can make him flee; slingstones become like chaff to him.

29A club is regarded as straw, and he laughs at the sound of the lance.

30His undersides are jagged potsherds, spreading out the mud like a threshing sledge.

31He makes the depths seethe like a cauldron; he makes the sea like a jar of ointment.

32He leaves a glistening wake behind him; one would think the deep had white hair!

33Nothing on earth is his equal—a creature devoid of fear!

34He looks down on all the haughty; he is king over all the proud.”

1Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down?

2Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn?

3Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee?

4Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant for ever?

5Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens?

6Shall the companions make a banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants?

7Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears?

8Lay thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more.

9Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

10None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me?

11Who hath prevented me, that I should repay him? whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine.

12I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely proportion.

13Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him with his double bridle?

14Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about.

15His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.

16One is so near to another, that no air can come between them.

17They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered.

18By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.

19Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.

20Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron.

21His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth.

22In his neck remaineth strength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him.

23The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved.

24His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone.

25When he raiseth up himself, the mighty are afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves.

26The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold: the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon.

27He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.

28The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstones are turned with him into stubble.

29Darts are counted as stubble: he laugheth at the shaking of a spear.

30Sharp stones are under him: he spreadeth sharp pointed things upon the mire.

31He maketh the deep to boil like a pot: he maketh the sea like a pot of ointment.

32He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be hoary.

33Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear.

34He beholdeth all high things: he is a king over all the children of pride.

1Canst thou draw out leviathan with a fishhook? Or press down his tongue with a cord?

2Canst thou put a rope into his nose? Or pierce his jaw through with a hook?

3Will he make many supplications unto thee? Or will he speak soft words unto thee?

4Will he make a covenant with thee, That thou shouldest take him for a servant for ever?

5Wilt thou play with him as with a bird? Or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens?

6Will the bands [of fishermen] make traffic of him? Will they part him among the merchants?

7Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons, Or his head with fish-spears?

8Lay thy hand upon him; Remember the battle, and do so no more.

9Behold, the hope of him is in vain: Will not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

10None is so fierce that he dare stir him up; Who then is he that can stand before me?

11Who hath first given unto me, that I should repay him? [Whatsoever is] under the whole heaven is mine.

12I will not keep silence concerning his limbs, Nor his mighty strength, nor his goodly frame.

13Who can strip off his outer garment? Who shall come within his jaws?

14Who can open the doors of his face? Round about his teeth is terror.

15[His] strong scales are [his] pride, Shut up together [as with] a close seal.

16One is so near to another, That no air can come between them.

17They are joined one to another; They stick together, so that they cannot be sundered.

18His sneezings flash forth light, And his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.

19Out of his mouth go burning torches, And sparks of fire leap forth.

20Out of his nostrils a smoke goeth, As of a boiling pot and [burning] rushes.

21His breath kindleth coals, And a flame goeth forth from his mouth.

22In his neck abideth strength, And terror danceth before him.

23The flakes of his flesh are joined together: They are firm upon him; they cannot be moved.

24His heart is as firm as a stone; Yea, firm as the nether millstone.

25When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid: By reason of consternation they are beside themselves.

26If one lay at him with the sword, it cannot avail; Nor the spear, the dart, nor the pointed shaft.

27He counteth iron as straw, [And] brass as rotten wood.

28The arrow cannot make him flee: Sling-stones are turned with him into stubble.

29Clubs are counted as stubble: He laugheth at the rushing of the javelin.

30His underparts are [like] sharp potsherds: He spreadeth [as it were] a threshing-wain upon the mire.

31He maketh the deep to boil like a pot: He maketh the sea like a pot of ointment.

32He maketh a path to shine after him; One would think the deep to be hoary.

33Upon earth there is not his like, That is made without fear.

34He beholdeth everything that is high: He is king over all the sons of pride.

1(40:25) “Can you pull in Leviathan with a hook and tie down its tongue with a rope?

2Can you put a cord through its nose or pierce its jaw with a hook?

3Will it make numerous supplications to you; will it speak to you with tender words?

4Will it make a pact with you, so you could take it as your slave for life?

5Can you play with it, like a bird, or tie it on a leash for your girls?

6Will partners bargain for it? Will they divide it up among the merchants?

7Can you fill its hide with harpoons or its head with fishing spears?

8If you lay your hand on it, you will remember the fight. Do not do it again!

9(41:1) See, his expectation is wrong; he is laid low even at the sight of it.

10Is it not fierce when it is awakened? Who is he, then, who can stand before it?

11Who has confronted me that I should repay? Everything under heaven belongs to me!

12I will not keep silent about its limbs, and the extent of its might, and the grace of its arrangement.

13Who can uncover its outer covering? Who can penetrate to the inside of its armor?

14Who can open the doors of its mouth? Its teeth all around are fearsome.

15Its back has rows of shields, shut up closely together as with a seal;

16each one is so close to the next that no air can come between them.

17They lock tightly together, one to the next; they cling together and cannot be separated.

18Its snorting throws out flashes of light; its eyes are like the red glow of dawn.

19Out of its mouth go flames; sparks of fire shoot forth!

20Smoke streams from its nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning rushes.

21Its breath sets coals ablaze, and a flame shoots from its mouth.

22Strength lodges in its neck, and despair runs before it.

23The folds of its flesh are tightly joined; they are firm on it, immovable.

24Its heart is hard as rock, hard as a lower millstone.

25When it rises up, the mighty are terrified; at its thrashing about they withdraw.

26Whoever strikes it with a sword will have no effect, nor with the spear, arrow, or dart.

27It regards iron as straw and bronze as rotten wood.

28Arrows do not make it flee; slingstones become like chaff to it.

29A club is counted as a piece of straw; it laughs at the rattling of the lance.

30Its underparts are the sharp points of potsherds; it leaves its mark in the mud like a threshing sledge.

31It makes the deep boil like a cauldron and stirs up the sea like a pot of ointment,

32It leaves a glistening wake behind it; one would think the deep had a head of white hair.

33The likes of it is not on earth, a creature without fear.

34It looks on every haughty being; it is king over all that are proud.”

1“Can you draw out Leviathan with a fish hook, or press down his tongue with a cord?

2Can you put a rope into his nose, or pierce his jaw through with a hook?

3Will he make many petitions to you, or will he speak soft words to you?

4Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever?

5Will you play with him as with a bird? Or will you bind him for your girls?

6Will traders barter for him? Will they part him among the merchants?

7Can you fill his skin with barbed irons, or his head with fish spears?

8Lay your hand on him. Remember the battle, and do so no more.

9Behold, the hope of him is in vain. Won’t one be cast down even at the sight of him?

10None is so fierce that he dare stir him up. Who then is he who can stand before me?

11Who has first given to me, that I should repay him? Everything under the heavens is mine.

12“I will not keep silence concerning his limbs, nor his mighty strength, nor his goodly frame.

13Who can strip off his outer garment? Who shall come within his jaws?

14Who can open the doors of his face? Around his teeth is terror.

15Strong scales are his pride, shut up together with a close seal.

16One is so near to another, that no air can come between them.

17They are joined to one another. They stick together, so that they can’t be pulled apart.

18His sneezing flashes out light. His eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.

19Out of his mouth go burning torches. Sparks of fire leap out.

20Out of his nostrils a smoke goes, as of a boiling pot over a fire of reeds.

21His breath kindles coals. A flame goes out of his mouth.

22There is strength in his neck. Terror dances before him.

23The flakes of his flesh are joined together. They are firm on him. They can’t be moved.

24His heart is as firm as a stone, yes, firm as the lower millstone.

25When he raises himself up, the mighty are afraid. They retreat before his thrashing.

26If one attacks him with the sword, it can’t prevail; nor the spear, the dart, nor the pointed shaft.

27He counts iron as straw; and brass as rotten wood.

28The arrow can’t make him flee. Sling stones are like chaff to him.

29Clubs are counted as stubble. He laughs at the rushing of the javelin.

30His undersides are like sharp potsherds, leaving a trail in the mud like a threshing sledge.

31He makes the deep to boil like a pot. He makes the sea like a pot of ointment.

32He makes a path shine after him. One would think the deep had white hair.

33On earth there is not his equal, that is made without fear.

34He sees everything that is high. He is king over all the sons of pride.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

God devotes this entire chapter to Leviathan, the climactic creature of His second speech. Can Job draw him out with a fishhook, put a rope through his nose, or make him a servant through covenant or plea? (vv. 1-6). One attempt to touch him is enough to end the battle forever (vv. 7-9). The theological turn comes next: if no one is fierce enough to rouse Leviathan, who then can stand before God himself, who owes nothing to anyone since everything under heaven already belongs to Him? (vv. 10-11). God then describes Leviathan's invulnerability at length — his sealed rows of scales, fire and smoke pouring from his mouth and nostrils, a heart hard as stone, and total indifference to sword, spear, arrow, or club (vv. 12-30). He churns the deep like a boiling pot and leaves a shining wake behind him, king over every proud creature, with nothing on earth to equal him (vv. 31-34). The argument moves from creature to Creator: if Leviathan cannot be tamed, how much less can the God who made him be interrogated or condemned by Job.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown (see Chapter 1 notes for full discussion).
Historical Context: Chapter 41 is devoted entirely to Leviathan — the second and climactic creature in God's second speech. If Behemoth (40:15-24) was impressive, Leviathan is terrifying. This creature is described in the most extensive and dramatic animal portrait in all of Scripture: 34 verses of unrelenting power, invulnerability, and terror. Leviathan cannot be caught (vv.1-2), cannot be tamed (vv.3-5), cannot be bargained for (v.6), cannot be killed (vv.7-8), and cannot even be approached without fatal consequences (v.9). The theological climax comes in v.10-11: "None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me?" If no one dares provoke Leviathan, how can anyone challenge Leviathan's maker? The argument moves from creature to Creator: you cannot face the beast; how will you face the God who made it? The identity of Leviathan is debated: crocodile, whale, extinct marine creature, or mythological chaos dragon. The description includes fire-breathing (vv.18-21), which pushes beyond any known natural creature. Whether literal or poetic, the theological point remains: this creature represents the ultimate in untameable power — and God made it, governs it, and is infinitely greater than it.
Classification: Wisdom Literature
Key Themes: an entire chapter devoted to a single terrifying creature no hook, rope, covenant or weapon can subdue, a cumulative catalogue of invulnerability, scales sealed like armor, fire from the mouth, a heart hard as stone, that leaves Leviathan entirely beyond any human power to touch, a theological pivot at the chapter's center, who then is able to stand before me, arguing from the creature's terror to the far greater terror owed its Creator, a declaration that God owes nothing to anyone because whatsoever is under the whole heaven is his, and a closing title, king over all the children of pride, that names exactly the posture the whole book has been correcting
Leviathan Cannot Be Caught (vv.1-8): Can you draw him with a fishhook? (v.1). Put a rope in his nose? (v.2). Will he submit to you? (v.3). Make a covenant? (v.4). Play with him like a bird? (v.5). Fill his skin with harpoons? (v.7). Touch him once and you'll never try again (v.8). The cumulative effect: this creature is absolutely beyond human power.
The Theological Pivot (vv.9-11): "None is so fierce that dare stir him up: who then is able to stand before me?" (v.10). This is the argument: if Leviathan inspires such terror, how much more should his Creator? And v.11: "Who hath prevented me, that I should repay him? whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine." No one has given God anything first — He owes nothing. Everything belongs to Him. This destroys any claim of merit before God.
Leviathan's Invulnerability (vv.12-34): Scales sealed like armor (vv.15-17). Fire-breathing sneezes (v.18), burning lamps from his mouth (v.19), smoke from his nostrils (v.20), breath that kindles coals (v.21). Strength in his neck (v.22). Heart hard as stone (v.24). No weapon affects him — not sword, spear, dart, javelin, arrow, sling, or club (vv.26-29). He makes the deep boil (v.31), leaves a shining wake (v.32). "Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear" (v.33). He is "king over all the children of pride" (v.34).

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes that the fire-breathing description (vv.18-21) is the primary reason many reject crocodile identification. If Leviathan is purely natural, the fire language is extreme hyperbole. If Leviathan is a chaos creature or supernatural being, the language is literal. Either way, Guzik emphasizes the theological point: v.10 is the climax — "who then is able to stand before ME?" The entire 34-verse description exists to drive home one truth: God is infinitely more powerful than the most powerful creature imaginable.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Job 41 - Bible Study and Explanation in 5 Minute
2BeLikeChrist

Job 40-42 - Revelation, Repentance, and Restoration
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the speech from the whirlwind, and why it answers Job the way it does.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Job -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Beyond Human Capture (v.1) — God asks whether Job can pull Leviathan in with a fishhook, describing a creature completely beyond human control. What are you still trying to catch or manage in your own strength that was never meant to be handled that way?
  • If You Can't Face the Creature, How Will You Face the Creator? (v.10) — God notes that no one is fierce enough to provoke Leviathan without consequence. If even God's creation inspires that much fear and respect, how much more does the One who made it deserve your reverence rather than your argument?
  • God Owes You Nothing (v.11) — God states plainly that no one has given Him anything first, since everything under heaven already belongs to Him. Where might you be relating to God as though He owes you something for your obedience or your suffering, rather than receiving both as gift?
  • Pride Puts You Under a Beast's Dominion (v.34) — Leviathan is described as king over all who are proud. Where has pride quietly convinced you that you're in a better position to judge God than you actually are?