Job — Chapter 21

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1Then Job answered:

2“Listen carefully to my words; let this be your consolation to me.

3Bear with me while I speak; then, after I have spoken, you may go on mocking.

4Is my complaint against a man? Then why should I not be impatient?

5Look at me and be appalled; put your hand over your mouth.

6When I remember, terror takes hold, and my body trembles in horror.

7Why do the wicked live on, growing old and increasing in power?

8Their descendants are established around them, and their offspring before their eyes.

9Their homes are safe from fear; no rod of punishment from God is upon them.

10Their bulls breed without fail; their cows bear calves and do not miscarry.

11They send forth their little ones like a flock; their children skip about,

12singing to the tambourine and lyre and making merry at the sound of the flute.

13They spend their days in prosperity and go down to Sheol in peace.

14Yet they say to God: ‘Leave us alone! For we have no desire to know Your ways.

15Who is the Almighty, that we should serve Him, and what would we gain if we pray to Him?’

16Still, their prosperity is not in their own hands, so I stay far from the counsel of the wicked.

17How often is the lamp of the wicked put out? Does disaster come upon them? Does God, in His anger, apportion destruction?

18Are they like straw before the wind, like chaff swept away by a storm?

19It is said that God lays up one’s punishment for his children. Let God repay the man himself, so he will know it.

20Let his eyes see his own destruction; let him drink for himself the wrath of the Almighty.

21For what does he care about his household after him, when the number of his months has run out?

22Can anyone teach knowledge to God, since He judges those on high?

23One man dies full of vigor, completely secure and at ease.

24His body is well nourished, and his bones are rich with marrow.

25Yet another man dies in the bitterness of his soul, having never tasted prosperity.

26But together they lie down in the dust, and worms cover them both.

27Behold, I know your thoughts full well, the schemes by which you would wrong me.

28For you say, ‘Where now is the nobleman’s house, and where are the tents in which the wicked dwell?’

29Have you never asked those who travel the roads? Do you not accept their reports?

30Indeed, the evil man is spared from the day of calamity, delivered from the day of wrath.

31Who denounces his behavior to his face? Who repays him for what he has done?

32He is carried to the grave, and watch is kept over his tomb.

33The clods of the valley are sweet to him; everyone follows behind him, and those before him are without number.

34So how can you comfort me with empty words? For your answers remain full of falsehood.”

1But Job answered and said,

2Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations.

3Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on.

4As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should not my spirit be troubled?

5Mark me, and be astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth.

6Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my flesh.

7Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power?

8Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes.

9Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them.

10Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf.

11They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance.

12They take the timbrel and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ.

13They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave.

14Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways.

15What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit should we have, if we pray unto him?

16Lo, their good is not in their hand: the counsel of the wicked is far from me.

17How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft cometh their destruction upon them! God distributeth sorrows in his anger.

18They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm carrieth away.

19God layeth up his iniquity for his children: he rewardeth him, and he shall know it.

20His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.

21For what pleasure hath he in his house after him, when the number of his months is cut off in the midst?

22Shall any teach God knowledge? seeing he judgeth those that are high.

23One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.

24His breasts are full of milk, and his bones are moistened with marrow.

25And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never eateth with pleasure.

26They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them.

27Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine against me.

28For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? and where are the dwelling places of the wicked?

29Have ye not asked them that go by the way? and do ye not know their tokens,

30That the wicked is reserved to the day of destruction? they shall be brought forth to the day of wrath.

31Who shall declare his way to his face? and who shall repay him what he hath done?

32Yet shall he be brought to the grave, and shall remain in the tomb.

33The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him, and every man shall draw after him, as there are innumerable before him.

34How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood?

1Then Job answered and said,

2Hear diligently my speech; And let this be your consolations.

3Suffer me, and I also will speak; And after that I have spoken, mock on.

4As for me, is my complaint to man? And why should I not be impatient?

5Mark me, and be astonished, And lay your hand upon your mouth.

6Even when I remember I am troubled, And horror taketh hold on my flesh.

7Wherefore do the wicked live, Become old, yea, wax mighty in power?

8Their seed is established with them in their sight, And their offspring before their eyes.

9Their houses are safe from fear, Neither is the rod of God upon them.

10Their bull gendereth, and faileth not; Their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf.

11They send forth their little ones like a flock, And their children dance.

12They sing to the timbrel and harp, And rejoice at the sound of the pipe.

13They spend their days in prosperity, And in a moment they go down to Sheol.

14And they say unto God, Depart from us; For we desire not the knowledge of thy ways.

15What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? And what profit should we have, if we pray unto him?

16Lo, their prosperity is not in their hand: The counsel of the wicked is far from me.

17How oft is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out? That their calamity cometh upon them? That [God] distributeth sorrows in his anger?

18That they are as stubble before the wind, And as chaff that the storm carrieth away?

19[Ye say], God layeth up his iniquity for his children. Let him recompense it unto himself, that he may know it:

20Let his own eyes see his destruction, And let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty.

21For what careth he for his house after him, When the number of his months is cut off?

22Shall any teach God knowledge, Seeing he judgeth those that are high?

23One dieth in his full strength, Being wholly at ease and quiet:

24His pails are full of milk, And the marrow of his bones is moistened.

25And another dieth in bitterness of soul, And never tasteth of good.

26They lie down alike in the dust, And the worm covereth them.

27Behold, I know your thoughts, And the devices wherewith ye would wrong me.

28For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? And where is the tent wherein the wicked dwelt?

29Have ye not asked wayfaring men? And do ye not know their evidences,

30That the evil man is reserved to the day of calamity? That they are led forth to the day of wrath?

31Who shall declare his way to his face? And who shall repay him what he hath done?

32Yet shall he be borne to the grave, And men shall keep watch over the tomb.

33The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him, And all men shall draw after him, As there were innumerable before him.

34How then comfort ye me in vain, Seeing in your answers there remaineth [only] falsehood?

1Then Job answered:

2“Listen carefully to my words; let this be the consolation you offer me.

3Bear with me and I will speak, and after I have spoken you may mock.

4Is my complaint against a man? If so, why should I not be impatient?

5Look at me and be appalled; put your hands over your mouths.

6For, when I think about this, I am terrified and my body feels a shudder.

7“Why do the wicked go on living, grow old, even increase in power?

8Their children are firmly established in their presence, their offspring before their eyes.

9Their houses are safe and without fear; and no rod of punishment from God is upon them.

10Their bulls breed without fail; their cows calve and do not miscarry.

11They allow their children to run like a flock; their little ones dance about.

12They sing to the accompaniment of tambourine and harp, and make merry to the sound of the flute.

13They live out their years in prosperity and go down to the grave in peace.

14So they say to God, ‘Turn away from us! We do not want to know your ways.

15Who is the Almighty, that we should serve him? What would we gain if we were to pray to him?’

16But their prosperity is not their own doing. The counsel of the wicked is far from me!

17“How often is the lamp of the wicked extinguished? How often does their misfortune come upon them? How often does God apportion pain to them in his anger?

18How often are they like straw before the wind and like chaff swept away by a whirlwind?

19You may say, ‘God stores up a man’s punishment for his children!’ Instead let him repay the man himself so that he may be humbled!

20Let his own eyes see his destruction; let him drink of the anger of the Almighty.

21For what is his interest in his home after his death, when the number of his months has been broken off?

22Can anyone teach God knowledge, since he judges those that are on high?

23“One man dies in his full vigor, completely secure and prosperous,

24his body well nourished, and the marrow of his bones moist.

25And another man dies in bitterness of soul, never having tasted anything good.

26Together they lie down in the dust, and worms cover over them both.

27“Yes, I know what you are thinking, the schemes by which you would wrong me.

28For you say, ‘Where now is the nobleman’s house, and where are the tents in which the wicked lived?’

29Have you never questioned those who travel the roads? Do you not recognize their accounts—

30that the evil man is spared from the day of his misfortune, that he is delivered from the day of God’s wrath?

31No one denounces his conduct to his face; no one repays him for what he has done.

32And when he is carried to the tombs and watch is kept over the funeral mound,

33the clods of the torrent valley are sweet to him; behind him everybody follows in procession, and before him goes a countless throng.

34So how can you console me with your futile words? Nothing is left of your answers but deception!”

1Then Job answered,

2“Listen diligently to my speech. Let this be your consolation.

3Allow me, and I also will speak; After I have spoken, mock on.

4As for me, is my complaint to man? Why shouldn’t I be impatient?

5Look at me, and be astonished. Lay your hand on your mouth.

6When I remember, I am troubled. Horror takes hold of my flesh.

7“Why do the wicked live, become old, yes, and grow mighty in power?

8Their child is established with them in their sight, their offspring before their eyes.

9Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them.

10Their bulls breed without fail. Their cows calve, and don’t miscarry.

11They send out their little ones like a flock. Their children dance.

12They sing to the tambourine and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the pipe.

13They spend their days in prosperity. In an instant they go down to Sheol.

14They tell God, ‘Depart from us, for we don’t want to know about your ways.

15What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? What profit should we have, if we pray to him?’

16Behold, their prosperity is not in their hand. The counsel of the wicked is far from me.

17“How often is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out, that their calamity comes on them, that God distributes sorrows in his anger?

18How often is it that they are as stubble before the wind, as chaff that the storm carries away?

19You say, ‘God lays up his iniquity for his children.’ Let him recompense it to himself, that he may know it.

20Let his own eyes see his destruction. Let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty.

21For what does he care for his house after him, when the number of his months is cut off?

22“Shall any teach God knowledge, since he judges those who are high?

23One dies in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.

24His pails are full of milk. The marrow of his bones is moistened.

25Another dies in bitterness of soul, and never tastes of good.

26They lie down alike in the dust. The worm covers them.

27“Behold, I know your thoughts, the plans with which you would wrong me.

28For you say, ‘Where is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked lived?’

29Haven’t you asked wayfaring men? Don’t you know their evidences,

30that the evil man is reserved to the day of calamity, That they are led out to the day of wrath?

31Who shall declare his way to his face? Who shall repay him what he has done?

32Yet he will be borne to the grave. Men shall keep watch over the tomb.

33The clods of the valley shall be sweet to him. All men shall draw after him, as there were innumerable before him.

34So how can you comfort me with nonsense, because in your answers there remains only falsehood?”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Job asks his friends simply to listen and let that itself serve as their comfort, warning them to be appalled once they truly grasp what he is about to say (vv. 1-6). He directly challenges the friends' theology by asking why the wicked go on living, growing old and powerful, with secure households, thriving livestock, and children who dance and sing to music, all while telling God to leave them alone (vv. 7-16). Job questions how often the wicked actually suffer the sudden ruin his friends describe, arguing that the same death comes to both the prosperous and the embittered, and that punishing a wicked man's children after his own death does nothing to correct him personally (vv. 17-26). He closes by exposing what he believes are their real, wrongheaded assumptions, pointing out that in the real world the wicked are often honored at death and spared calamity, so their attempts to console him amount to nothing but false and empty answers (vv. 27-34).

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown. Candidates include Job himself, Moses, Solomon, or an anonymous sage. Likely the oldest book in the Bible by setting (patriarchal era, approximately 2000-1800 BC), though the date of composition is debated. The book addresses the problem of innocent suffering and God's sovereignty.
Historical Context: Chapter 21 is Job's reply to Zophar and his most direct, systematic refutation of the friends' retribution theology. Where the friends have insisted that the wicked always suffer and the righteous always prosper, Job simply points to observable reality: the wicked do prosper. They live long lives, grow mighty, see their children established, enjoy peace, and die comfortably — all while openly rejecting God. This chapter is Job's most devastating argument because it cannot be refuted with theory — it appeals to universally observable facts. Job is not denying God's justice; he is denying that divine justice operates with the immediate, mechanical precision the friends assume. This chapter effectively destroys the friends' entire theological framework and forces the question: if retribution theology cannot explain reality, what can? The answer must wait for God's appearance in chapters 38-41.
Classification: Wisdom Literature
Key Themes: a request simply to be listened to before being mocked, let this be your consolations, a single demolishing question, wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power, answered with an inventory of the wicked's actual observable prosperity, established children, safe houses, music and celebration, a rebuttal of delayed punishment on descendants as no punishment at all to the man who already does not care what happens after his death, and a final, chilling observation that death itself draws no moral distinction, they shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them
Job's Request for Attention (vv.1-6): "Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations" (v.2). Job asks: let actually LISTENING to me be your comfort to me — just hear me out. "Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on" (v.3) — mock me afterward if you must, but at least listen first. Job is not complaining to men but to God: "As for me, is my complaint to man?" (v.4). Then: "Mark me, and be astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth" (v.5) — look at what I'm about to say and be shocked into silence. Even Job himself is disturbed by what he observes: "Even when I remember I am afraid" (v.6).
The Observable Prosperity of the Wicked (vv.7-16): "Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power?" (v.7). This single question demolishes the friends' theology. Job lists the evidence: their children are established (v.8), their houses are safe from fear (v.9), their livestock breed without fail (v.10), their children play and dance (v.11), they enjoy music and celebration (v.12), "they spend their days in wealth" (v.13) — and even in death "in a moment go down to the grave" peacefully. And these same people say to God: "Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways. What is the Almighty, that we should serve him?" (vv.14-15). They openly reject God — and prosper anyway. This is the exact opposite of what the friends predict.
Challenging the Friends' Answers (vv.17-21): Job anticipates the friends' rebuttal: "How oft is the candle of the wicked put out?" (v.17). The answer Job implies: not as often as you claim. The friends say "God stores up iniquity for their children" (v.19) — but Job responds: let HIM pay for his own sin; what does he care about his children after he's dead? (vv.19-21). Delayed or transferred punishment is no punishment at all from the wicked man's perspective.
Death the Equalizer (vv.22-26): "Shall any teach God knowledge?" (v.22) — Job is not trying to instruct God but to correct his friends. The observable fact: "One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet" (v.23) — healthy, prosperous, comfortable death. "And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never eateth with pleasure" (v.25) — miserable life, miserable death. And the conclusion: "They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them" (v.26). Death makes no moral distinction between the prosperous wicked and the suffering righteous. The retribution system is not visible in death.
Job's Final Verdict on the Friends (vv.27-34): "Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine against me" (v.27). Job sees through their strategy: they point to the fallen houses of the "prince" and "wicked" (v.28) as evidence — but Job says: ask any traveler, and they will confirm that the wicked man "is reserved to the day of destruction" — that is, SPARED in calamity, not destroyed by it (vv.29-30). "Who shall declare his way to his face?" (v.31) — no one confronts the wicked man in life. He dies honorably, is buried grandly (v.32), even the grave is sweet to him (v.33). The devastating conclusion: "How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood?" (v.34). Your answers are lies. Your comfort is EMPTY. Your theology does not match reality.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik identifies this chapter as Job's most effective argument against the friends' theology. He does not argue from philosophy or from personal experience alone — he argues from universally observable facts. Anyone can see that the wicked prosper. Guzik notes that Job is not denying eventual divine judgment — he is denying that judgment is always immediate, visible, and proportional in this life. The friends' system requires instant visible retribution; reality does not cooperate. This is why the friends have no answer — they cannot refute observable facts.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Job 21 - Bible Study and Explanation in 5 Minute
2BeLikeChrist

Job 18-21 - I Know My Redeemer Lives
David Guzik

Job 18-21 | I Know My Redeemer Lives | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the speech from the whirlwind, and why it answers Job the way it does.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Job -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Letting Reality Inform Theology (v.7) — Job forces his friends to reckon with the plain observable fact that wicked people often live long, powerful lives, rather than letting them hide behind theory. When something you see in the world doesn't fit your assumptions about God, are you willing to let your understanding grow rather than ignoring the evidence?
  • Serving God for Who He Is, Not What He Gives (v.15) — Job quotes the wicked asking why they should serve God at all, since they see no benefit in it, exposing a transactional view of faith. Do you serve God because of what it earns you, or because He is worthy regardless of the outcome?
  • Death Erases the Visible Difference (v.26) — Job observes that the prosperous wicked and the suffering righteous end up lying in the same dust, with no outward distinction between them in death. Can you trust that God's justice is real even when it isn't visible in this life?
  • Rejecting Comfort Built on Falsehood (v.34) — Job flatly tells his friends that their answers are lies and their comfort is empty, because the premise underneath it doesn't match reality. Are you willing to reject an explanation for suffering, even a well-meaning one, when it doesn't actually hold up to truth?