Luke — Chapter 15
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1Now all the tax collectors and sinners were gathering around to listen to Jesus.
2So the Pharisees and scribes began to grumble: “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.”
3Then Jesus told them this parable:
4“What man among you, if he has a hundred sheep and loses one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the pasture and go after the one that is lost, until he finds it?
5And when he finds it, he joyfully puts it on his shoulders,
6comes home, and calls together his friends and neighbors to tell them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my lost sheep!’
7I tell you that in the same way there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous ones who do not need to repent.
8Or what woman who has ten silver coins and loses one of them does not light a lamp, sweep her house, and search carefully until she finds it?
9And when she finds it, she calls together her friends and neighbors to say, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my lost coin.’
10In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of God’s angels over one sinner who repents.”
11Then Jesus said, “There was a man who had two sons.
12The younger son said to him, ‘Father, give me my share of the estate.’ So he divided his property between them.
13After a few days, the younger son got everything together and journeyed to a distant country, where he squandered his wealth in wild living.
14After he had spent all he had, a severe famine swept through that country, and he began to be in need.
15So he went and hired himself out to a citizen of that country, who sent him into his fields to feed the pigs.
16He longed to fill his belly with the pods the pigs were eating, but no one would give him a thing.
17Finally he came to his senses and said, ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have plenty of food, but here I am, starving to death!
18I will get up and go back to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you.
19I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Make me like one of your hired servants.”’
20So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still in the distance, his father saw him and was filled with compassion. He ran to his son, embraced him, and kissed him.
21The son declared, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
22But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick! Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet.
23Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us feast and celebrate.
24For this son of mine was dead and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.
25Meanwhile the older son was in the field, and as he approached the house, he heard music and dancing.
26So he called one of the servants and asked what was going on.
27‘Your brother has returned,’ he said, ‘and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has him back safe and sound.’
28The older son became angry and refused to go in. So his father came out and pleaded with him.
29But he answered his father, ‘Look, all these years I have served you and never disobeyed a commandment of yours. Yet you never gave me even a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends.
30But when this son of yours returns from squandering your wealth with prostitutes, you kill the fattened calf for him!’
31‘Son, you are always with me,’ the father said, ‘and all that is mine is yours.
32But it was fitting to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’”
1Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear him.
2And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.
3And he spake this parable unto them, saying,
4What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?
5And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing.
6And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and neighbours, saying unto them, Rejoice with me; for I have found my sheep which was lost.
7I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance.
8Either what woman having ten pieces of silver, if she lose one piece, doth not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently till she find it?
9And when she hath found it, she calleth her friends and her neighbours together, saying, Rejoice with me; for I have found the piece which I had lost.
10Likewise, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth.
11And he said, A certain man had two sons:
12And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living.
13And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living.
14And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that land; and he began to be in want.
15And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine.
16And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.
17And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger!
18I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee,
19And am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants.
20And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.
21And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son.
22But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet:
23And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat, and be merry:
24For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry.
25Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh to the house, he heard musick and dancing.
26And he called one of the servants, and asked what these things meant.
27And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound.
28And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father out, and intreated him.
29And he answering said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends:
30But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf.
31And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine.
32It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found.
1Now all the publicans and sinners were drawing near unto him to hear him.
2And both the Pharisees and the scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.
3And he spake unto them this parable, saying,
4What man of you, having a hundred sheep, and having lost one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?
5And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing.
6And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and his neighbors, saying unto them, Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost.
7I say unto you, that even so there shall be joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, [more] than over ninety and nine righteous persons, who need no repentance.
8Or what woman having ten pieces of silver, if she lose one piece, doth not light a lamp, and sweep the house, and seek diligently until she find it?
9And when she hath found it, she calleth together her friends and neighbors, saying, Rejoice with me, for I have found the piece which I had lost.
10Even so, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth.
11And he said, A certain man had two sons:
12and the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of [thy] substance that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living.
13And not many days after, the younger son gathered all together and took his journey into a far country; and there he wasted his substance with riotous living.
14And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that country; and he began to be in want.
15And he went and joined himself to one of the citizens of that country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine.
16And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.
17But when he came to himself he said, How many hired servants of my father`s have bread enough and to spare, and I perish here with hunger!
18I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight:
19I am no more worthy to be called your son: make me as one of thy hired servants.
20And he arose, and came to his father. But while he was yet afar off, his father saw him, and was moved with compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.
21And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight: I am no more worthy to be called thy son.
22But the father said to his servants, Bring forth quickly the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet:
23and bring the fatted calf, [and] kill it, and let us eat, and make merry:
24for this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry.
25Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh to the house, he heard music and dancing.
26And he called to him one of the servants, and inquired what these things might be.
27And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound.
28But he was angry, and would not go in: and his father came out, and entreated him.
29But he answered and said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, and I never transgressed a commandment of thine; and [yet] thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends:
30but when this thy son came, who hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou killedst for him the fatted calf.
31And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that is mine is thine.
32But it was meet to make merry and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive [again]; and [was] lost, and is found.
1Now all the tax collectors and sinners were coming to hear him.
2But the Pharisees and the experts in the law were complaining, “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.”
3So Jesus told them this parable:
4“Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep and loses one of them, would not leave the ninety-nine in the open pasture and go look for the one that is lost until he finds it?
5Then when he has found it, he places it on his shoulders, rejoicing.
6Returning home, he calls together his friends and neighbors, telling them, ‘Rejoice with me because I have found my sheep that was lost.’
7I tell you, in the same way there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no need to repent.
8“Or what woman, if she has ten silver coins and loses one of them, does not light a lamp, sweep the house, and search thoroughly until she finds it?
9Then when she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the coin that I had lost.’
10In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of God’s angels over one sinner who repents.”
11Then Jesus said, “A man had two sons.
12The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of the estate that will belong to me.’ So he divided his assets between them.
13After a few days, the younger son gathered together all he had and left on a journey to a distant country, and there he squandered his wealth with a wild lifestyle.
14Then after he had spent everything, a severe famine took place in that country, and he began to be in need.
15So he went and worked for one of the citizens of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs.
16He was longing to eat the carob pods the pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything.
17But when he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired workers have food enough to spare, but here I am dying from hunger!
18I will get up and go to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you.
19I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me like one of your hired workers.”’
20So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still a long way from home his father saw him, and his heart went out to him; he ran and hugged his son and kissed him.
21Then his son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
22But the father said to his slaves, ‘Hurry! Bring the best robe, and put it on him! Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet!
23Bring the fattened calf and kill it! Let us eat and celebrate,
24because this son of mine was dead, and is alive again—he was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.
25“Now his older son was in the field. As he came and approached the house, he heard music and dancing.
26So he called one of the slaves and asked what was happening.
27The slave replied, ‘Your brother has returned, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he got his son back safe and sound.’
28But the older son became angry and refused to go in. His father came out and appealed to him,
29but he answered his father, ‘Look! These many years I have worked like a slave for you, and I never disobeyed your commands. Yet you never gave me even a goat so that I could celebrate with my friends!
30But when this son of yours came back, who has devoured your assets with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him!’
31Then the father said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and everything that belongs to me is yours.
32It was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for your brother was dead, and is alive; he was lost and is found.’”
1Now all the tax collectors and sinners were coming close to him to hear him.
2The Pharisees and the scribes murmured, saying, “This man welcomes sinners, and eats with them.”
3He told them this parable.
4“Which of you men, if you had one hundred sheep, and lost one of them, wouldn’t leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness, and go after the one that was lost, until he found it?
5When he has found it, he carries it on his shoulders, rejoicing.
6When he comes home, he calls together his friends and his neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost!’
7I tell you that even so there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, than over ninety-nine righteous people who need no repentance.
8Or what woman, if she had ten drachma coins, if she lost one drachma coin, wouldn’t light a lamp, sweep the house, and seek diligently until she found it?
9When she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the drachma which I had lost.’
10Even so, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner repenting.”
11He said, “A certain man had two sons.
12The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of your property.’ He divided his livelihood between them.
13Not many days after, the younger son gathered all of this together and traveled into a far country. There he wasted his property with riotous living.
14When he had spent all of it, there arose a severe famine in that country, and he began to be in need.
15He went and joined himself to one of the citizens of that country, and he sent him into his fields to feed pigs.
16He wanted to fill his belly with the husks that the pigs ate, but no one gave him any.
17But when he came to himself he said, ‘How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough to spare, and I’m dying with hunger!
18I will get up and go to my father, and will tell him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in your sight.
19I am no more worthy to be called your son. Make me as one of your hired servants.”’
20“He arose, and came to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him, and was moved with compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.
21The son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in your sight. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
22“But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring out the best robe, and put it on him. Put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet.
23Bring the fattened calf, kill it, and let us eat, and celebrate;
24for this, my son, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found.’ They began to celebrate.
25“Now his elder son was in the field. As he came near to the house, he heard music and dancing.
26He called one of the servants to him, and asked what was going on.
27He said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has received him back safe and healthy.’
28But he was angry, and would not go in. Therefore his father came out, and begged him.
29But he answered his father, ‘Behold, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed a commandment of yours, but you never gave me a goat, that I might celebrate with my friends.
30But when this your son came, who has devoured your living with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.’
31“He said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours.
32But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found.’”
Summary
When tax collectors and sinners gather to hear Jesus and the Pharisees grumble that He welcomes them, He answers with three parables about God's joy over the lost (vv. 1-3). A shepherd leaves ninety-nine sheep to find the one that wandered off, and a woman sweeps her house to find one lost coin, each picturing heaven's joy over a single repentant sinner (vv. 4-10). A father divides his estate between two sons; the younger squanders his share in reckless living far from home and ends up feeding pigs before he comes to his senses and heads home to beg for a servant's place (vv. 11-19). His father sees him from a distance, runs to embrace him, and restores him fully with a robe, ring, and a celebration feast (vv. 20-24). The older son refuses to join in, resentful that his obedience has never been rewarded this way, but his father assures him that everything he has is still his and that celebrating a lost son found again is only right (vv. 25-32).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- On the journey to Jerusalem: These three parables (lost sheep, lost coin, lost son) are told while Jesus travels toward Jerusalem, likely in Perea.
- "A far country" (v.13): The prodigal went to a distant land — representing spiritual distance from the Father. He returned home, representing repentance.
- The setting is domestic and agricultural — sheep on hillsides, coins in a house, pigs in fields — all reflecting the landscape of rural Palestine.
Places on this map
- JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
- Pereawestern JordanThe strip east of the Jordan between Pella and the Arnon, Jewish in population and ruled with Galilee under Herod Antipas. Pilgrims used it to bypass Samaria, which is the route behind the phrase beyond Jordan in the Gospels. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the context (Pharisees grumbling), the three parables as a unified response, the father's extravagant grace, and the elder brother as a picture of religious resentment.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Luke -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- The Seeking Shepherd (vv.4-7) — Jesus describes a shepherd who leaves ninety-nine sheep to search for the one that wandered off, rejoicing more over its recovery than over the ones that never strayed. Does your view of God reflect this eagerness to pursue the one who's straying, or do you assume He waits for you to clean yourself up first?
- Joy Over One Repentant Sinner (v.10) — Heaven celebrates when even one sinner turns back to God. When did you last repent of something specific, and did it occur to you that heaven was rejoicing over it?
- Coming to His Senses (v.17) — The younger son hits rock bottom in a pig pen before he comes to himself and decides to return home. Has God ever used a low point in your life to wake you up and turn you back toward Him?
- The Father Who Runs (v.20) — While the son is still far off, the father sees him, is moved with compassion, and runs to meet him before a word of apology is spoken. Do you believe God receives you with that same eagerness, or do you feel you have to earn your way back first?
- Serving Without a Son's Heart (vv.28-29) — The elder brother stays home and obeys but responds to his father's grace with anger and resentment, revealing a servant's heart rather than a son's. Are you serving God out of duty and comparison, or out of love and gratitude?
- Everything Already Yours (v.31) — The father reminds the elder son that all he has was already his, yet the son couldn't enjoy it because he was fixated on what his brother received. Where is comparison robbing you of gratitude for what God has already given you?