Luke — Chapter 4

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1Then Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness,

2where for forty days He was tempted by the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and when they had ended, He was hungry.

3The devil said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, tell this stone to become bread.”

4But Jesus answered, “It is written: ‘Man shall not live on bread alone.’”

5Then the devil led Him up to a high place and showed Him in an instant all the kingdoms of the world.

6“I will give You authority over all these kingdoms and all their glory,” he said. “For it has been relinquished to me, and I can give it to anyone I wish.

7So if You worship me, it will all be Yours.”

8But Jesus answered, “It is written: ‘Worship the Lord your God and serve Him only.’”

9Then the devil led Him to Jerusalem and set Him on the pinnacle of the temple. “If You are the Son of God,” he said, “throw Yourself down from here.

10For it is written: ‘He will command His angels concerning You to guard You carefully,

11and they will lift You up in their hands, so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone.’”

12But Jesus answered, “It also says, ‘Do not put the Lord your God to the test.’”

13When the devil had finished every temptation, he left Him until an opportune time.

14Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and the news about Him spread throughout the surrounding region.

15He taught in their synagogues and was glorified by everyone.

16Then Jesus came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up. As was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath. And when He stood up to read,

17the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. Unrolling it, He found the place where it was written:

18“The Spirit of the Lord is on Me, because He has anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to release the oppressed,

19to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”

20Then He rolled up the scroll, returned it to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fixed on Him,

21and He began by saying, “Today this Scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.”

22All spoke well of Him and marveled at the gracious words that came from His lips. “Isn’t this the son of Joseph?” they asked.

23Jesus said to them, “Surely you will quote this proverb to Me: ‘Physician, heal yourself! Do here in Your hometown what we have heard that You did in Capernaum.’”

24Then He added, “Truly I tell you, no prophet is accepted in his hometown.

25But I tell you truthfully that there were many widows in Israel in the time of Elijah, when the sky was shut for three and a half years and great famine swept over all the land.

26Yet Elijah was not sent to any of them, but to the widow of Zarephath in Sidon.

27And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet. Yet not one of them was cleansed—only Naaman the Syrian.”

28On hearing this, all the people in the synagogue were enraged.

29They got up, drove Him out of the town, and led Him to the brow of the hill on which the town was built, in order to throw Him over the cliff.

30But Jesus passed through the crowd and went on His way.

31Then He went down to Capernaum, a town in Galilee, and on the Sabbath He began to teach the people.

32They were astonished at His teaching, because His message had authority.

33In the synagogue there was a man possessed by the spirit of an unclean demon. He cried out in a loud voice,

34“Ha! What do You want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One of God!”

35But Jesus rebuked the demon. “Be silent!” He said. “Come out of him!” At this, the demon threw the man down before them all and came out without harming him.

36All the people were overcome with amazement and asked one another, “What is this message? With authority and power He commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!”

37And the news about Jesus spread throughout the surrounding region.

38After Jesus had left the synagogue, He went to the home of Simon, whose mother-in-law was suffering from a high fever. So they appealed to Jesus on her behalf,

39and He stood over her and rebuked the fever, and it left her. And she got up at once and began to serve them.

40At sunset, all who were ill with various diseases were brought to Jesus, and laying His hands on each one, He healed them.

41Demons also came out of many people, shouting, “You are the Son of God!” But He rebuked the demons and would not allow them to speak, because they knew He was the Christ.

42At daybreak, Jesus went out to a solitary place, and the crowds were looking for Him. They came to Him and tried to keep Him from leaving.

43But Jesus told them, “I must preach the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns as well, because that is why I was sent.”

44And He continued to preach in the synagogues of Judea.

1And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness,

2Being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, he afterward hungered.

3And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command this stone that it be made bread.

4And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, That man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.

5And the devil, taking him up into an high mountain, shewed unto him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.

6And the devil said unto him, All this power will I give thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it.

7If thou therefore wilt worship me, all shall be thine.

8And Jesus answered and said unto him, Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.

9And he brought him to Jerusalem, and set him on a pinnacle of the temple, and said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence:

10For it is written, He shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee:

11And in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.

12And Jesus answering said unto him, It is said, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God.

13And when the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a season.

14And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee: and there went out a fame of him through all the region round about.

15And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all.

16And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read.

17And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias. And when he had opened the book, he found the place where it was written,

18The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,

19To preach the acceptable year of the Lord.

20And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him.

21And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears.

22And all bare him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth. And they said, Is not this Joseph’s son?

23And he said unto them, Ye will surely say unto me this proverb, Physician, heal thyself: whatsoever we have heard done in Capernaum, do also here in thy country.

24And he said, Verily I say unto you, No prophet is accepted in his own country.

25But I tell you of a truth, many widows were in Israel in the days of Elias, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, when great famine was throughout all the land;

26But unto none of them was Elias sent, save unto Sarepta, a city of Sidon, unto a woman that was a widow.

27And many lepers were in Israel in the time of Eliseus the prophet; and none of them was cleansed, saving Naaman the Syrian.

28And all they in the synagogue, when they heard these things, were filled with wrath,

29And rose up, and thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill whereon their city was built, that they might cast him down headlong.

30But he passing through the midst of them went his way,

31And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days.

32And they were astonished at his doctrine: for his word was with power.

33And in the synagogue there was a man, which had a spirit of an unclean devil, and cried out with a loud voice,

34Saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art; the Holy One of God.

35And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of him. And when the devil had thrown him in the midst, he came out of him, and hurt him not.

36And they were all amazed, and spake among themselves, saying, What a word is this! for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits, and they come out.

37And the fame of him went out into every place of the country round about.

38And he arose out of the synagogue, and entered into Simon’s house. And Simon’s wife’s mother was taken with a great fever; and they besought him for her.

39And he stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her: and immediately she arose and ministered unto them.

40Now when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them.

41And devils also came out of many, crying out, and saying, Thou art Christ the Son of God. And he rebuking them suffered them not to speak: for they knew that he was Christ.

42And when it was day, he departed and went into a desert place: and the people sought him, and came unto him, and stayed him, that he should not depart from them.

43And he said unto them, I must preach the kingdom of God to other cities also: for therefore am I sent.

44And he preached in the synagogues of Galilee.

1And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan, and was led in the Spirit in the wilderness

2during forty days, being tempted of the devil. And he did eat nothing in those days: and when they were completed, he hungered.

3And the devil said unto him, if thou art the Son of God, command this stone that it become bread.

4And Jesus answered unto him, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone.

5And he led him up, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.

6And the devil said unto him, To thee will I give all this authority, and the glory of them: for it hath been delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it.

7If thou therefore wilt worship before me, it shall all be thine.

8And Jesus answered and said unto him, It is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.

9And he led him to Jerusalem, and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said unto him, If thou art the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence:

10for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee, to guard thee:

11and, On their hands they shall bear thee up, Lest haply thou dash thy foot against a stone.

12And Jesus answering said unto him, It is said, Thou shalt not make trial of the Lord thy God.

13And when the devil had completed every temptation, he departed from him for a season.

14And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee: and a fame went out concerning him through all the region round about.

15And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all.

16And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and he entered, as his custom was, into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up to read.

17And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Isaiah. And he opened the book, and found the place where it was written,

18The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, Because he anointed me to preach good tidings to the poor: He hath sent me to proclaim release to the captives, And recovering of sight to the blind, To set at liberty them that are bruised,

19To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.

20And he closed the book, and gave it back to the attendant, and sat down: and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fastened on him.

21And he began to say unto them, To-day hath this scripture been fulfilled in your ears.

22And all bare him witness, and wondered at the words of grace which proceeded out of his mouth: and they said, Is not this Joseph`s son?

23And he said unto them, Doubtless ye will say unto me this parable, Physician, heal thyself: whatsoever we have heard done at Capernaum, do also here in thine own country.

24And he said, Verily I say unto you, No prophet is acceptable in his own country.

25But of a truth I say unto you, There were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, when there came a great famine over all the land;

26and unto none of them was Elijah sent, but only to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, unto a woman that was a widow.

27And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet; and none of them was cleansed, but only Naaman the Syrian.

28And they were all filled with wrath in the synagogue, as they heard these things;

29and they rose up, and cast him forth out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill whereon their city was built, that they might throw him down headlong.

30But he passing through the midst of them went his way.

31And he came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. And he was teaching them on the sabbath day:

32and they were astonished at his teaching; for his word was with authority.

33And in the synagogue there was a man, that had a spirit of an unclean demon; and he cried out with a loud voice,

34Ah! what have we to do with thee, Jesus thou Nazarene? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God.

35And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of him. And when the demon had thrown him down in the midst, he came out of him, having done him no hurt.

36And amazement came upon all, and they spake together, one with another, saying, What is this word? for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits, and they come out.

37And there went forth a rumor concerning him into every place of the region round about.

38And he rose up from the synagogue, and entered into the house of Simon. And Simon`s wife`s mother was holden with a great fever; and they besought him for her.

39And he stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her: and immediately she rose up and ministered unto them.

40And when the sun was setting, all they that had any sick with divers diseases brought them unto him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them.

41And demons also came out from many, crying out, and saying, Thou art the Son of God. And rebuking them, he suffered them not to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ.

42And when it was day, he came out and went into a desert place: and the multitudes sought after him, and came unto him, and would have stayed him, that he should not go from them.

43But he said unto them, I must preach the good tidings of the kingdom of God to the other cities also: for therefore was I sent.

44And he was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee.

1Then Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan River and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness,

2where for forty days he endured temptations from the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and when they were completed, he was famished.

3The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.”

4Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘Man does not live by bread alone.’”

5Then the devil led him up to a high place and showed him in a flash all the kingdoms of the world.

6And he said to him, “To you I will grant this whole realm—and the glory that goes along with it, for it has been relinquished to me, and I can give it to anyone I wish.

7So then, if you will worship me, all this will be yours.”

8Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘You are to worship the Lord your God and serve only him.’”

9Then the devil brought him to Jerusalem, had him stand on the highest point of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here,

10for it is written, ‘He will command his angels concerning you, to protect you,’

11and ‘with their hands they will lift you up, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.’”

12Jesus answered him, “It is said, ‘You are not to put the Lord your God to the test.’”

13So when the devil had completed every temptation, he departed from him until a more opportune time.

14Then Jesus, in the power of the Spirit, returned to Galilee, and news about him spread throughout the surrounding countryside.

15He began to teach in their synagogues and was praised by all.

16Now Jesus came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, as was his custom. He stood up to read,

17and the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written,

18“The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and the regaining of sight to the blind,to set free those who are oppressed,

19to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”

20Then he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fixed on him.

21Then he began to tell them, “Today this scripture has been fulfilled even as you heard it being read.”

22All were speaking well of him, and were amazed at the gracious words coming out of his mouth. They said, “Isn’t this Joseph’s son?”

23Jesus said to them, “No doubt you will quote to me the proverb, ‘Physician, heal yourself!’ and say, ‘What we have heard that you did in Capernaum, do here in your hometown too.’”

24And he added, “I tell you the truth, no prophet is acceptable in his hometown.

25But in truth I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in Elijah’s days, when the sky was shut up three and a half years and there was a great famine over all the land.

26Yet Elijah was sent to none of them, but only to a woman who was a widow at Zarephath in Sidon.

27And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of the prophet Elisha, yet none of them was cleansed except Naaman the Syrian.”

28When they heard this, all the people in the synagogue were filled with rage.

29They got up, forced him out of the town, and brought him to the brow of the hill on which their town was built, so that they could throw him down the cliff.

30But he passed through the crowd and went on his way.

31So he went down to Capernaum, a town in Galilee, and on the Sabbath he began to teach the people.

32They were amazed at his teaching because he spoke with authority.

33Now in the synagogue there was a man who had the spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice,

34“Ha! Leave us alone, Jesus the Nazarene! Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God.”

35But Jesus rebuked him: “Silence! Come out of him!” Then, after the demon threw the man down in their midst, he came out of him without hurting him.

36They were all amazed and began to say to one another, “What’s happening here? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!”

37So the news about him spread into all areas of the region.

38After Jesus left the synagogue, he entered Simon’s house. Now Simon’s mother-in-law was suffering from a high fever, and they asked Jesus to help her.

39So he stood over her, commanded the fever, and it left her. Immediately she got up and began to serve them.

40As the sun was setting, all those who had any relatives sick with various diseases brought them to Jesus. He placed his hands on every one of them and healed them.

41Demons also came out of many, crying out, “You are the Son of God!” But he rebuked them and would not allow them to speak because they knew that he was the Christ.

42The next morning Jesus departed and went to a deserted place. Yet the crowds were seeking him, and they came to him and tried to keep him from leaving them.

43But Jesus said to them, “I must proclaim the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns too, for that is what I was sent to do.”

44So he continued to preach in the synagogues of Judea.

1Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness

2for forty days, being tempted by the devil. He ate nothing in those days. Afterward, when they were completed, he was hungry.

3The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.”

4Jesus answered him, saying, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.’”

5The devil, leading him up on a high mountain, showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.

6The devil said to him, “I will give you all this authority, and their glory, for it has been delivered to me; and I give it to whomever I want.

7If you therefore will worship before me, it will all be yours.”

8Jesus answered him, “Get behind me Satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and you shall serve him only.’”

9He led him to Jerusalem, and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, cast yourself down from here,

10for it is written, ‘He will put his angels in charge of you, to guard you;’

11and, ‘On their hands they will bear you up, lest perhaps you dash your foot against a stone.’”

12Jesus answering, said to him, “It has been said, ‘You shall not tempt the Lord your God.’”

13When the devil had completed every temptation, he departed from him until another time.

14Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee, and news about him spread through all the surrounding area.

15He taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all.

16He came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up. He entered, as was his custom, into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and stood up to read.

17The book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him. He opened the book, and found the place where it was written,

18“The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to heal the broken hearted, to proclaim release to the captives, recovering of sight to the blind, to deliver those who are crushed,

19and to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.”

20He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of all in the synagogue were fastened on him.

21He began to tell them, “Today, this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”

22All testified about him, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth, and they said, “Isn’t this Joseph’s son?”

23He said to them, “Doubtless you will tell me this parable, ‘Physician, heal yourself! Whatever we have heard done at Capernaum, do also here in your hometown.’”

24He said, “Most certainly I tell you, no prophet is acceptable in his hometown.

25But truly I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut up three years and six months, when a great famine came over all the land.

26Elijah was sent to none of them, except to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow.

27There were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet, yet not one of them was cleansed, except Naaman, the Syrian.”

28They were all filled with wrath in the synagogue, as they heard these things.

29They rose up, threw him out of the city, and led him to the brow of the hill that their city was built on, that they might throw him off the cliff.

30But he, passing through the middle of them, went his way.

31He came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. He was teaching them on the Sabbath day,

32and they were astonished at his teaching, for his word was with authority.

33In the synagogue there was a man who had a spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice,

34saying, “Ah! what have we to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know you who you are: the Holy One of God!”

35Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be silent, and come out of him!” When the demon had thrown him down in the middle of them, he came out of him, having done him no harm.

36Amazement came on all, and they spoke together, one with another, saying, “What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!”

37News about him went out into every place of the surrounding region.

38He rose up from the synagogue, and entered into Simon’s house. Simon’s mother-in-law was afflicted with a great fever, and they begged him for her.

39He stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her. Immediately she rose up and served them.

40When the sun was setting, all those who had any sick with various diseases brought them to him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them.

41Demons also came out of many, crying out, and saying, “You are the Christ, the Son of God!” Rebuking them, he didn’t allow them to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ.

42When it was day, he departed and went into an uninhabited place, and the multitudes looked for him, and came to him, and held on to him, so that he wouldn’t go away from them.

43But he said to them, “I must preach the good news of God’s Kingdom to the other cities also. For this reason I have been sent.”

44He was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Full of the Holy Spirit, Jesus is led into the wilderness where he fasts forty days and resists three temptations from the devil — to turn stones to bread, to gain the world's kingdoms by worshiping Satan, and to test God by leaping from the temple — answering each with Scripture (vv. 1-13). Returning to Galilee, he teaches in the synagogues, then in Nazareth reads from Isaiah 61 and declares the prophecy of good news to the poor fulfilled in himself (vv. 14-21). When he cites God's past mercy to Gentiles over Israelites, the hometown crowd turns violent and tries to throw him off a cliff, but he passes through them unharmed (vv. 22-30). In Capernaum he casts out an unclean spirit in the synagogue, heals Simon's mother-in-law of a fever, and heals many more at sunset, demonstrating his authority over sickness and demons before withdrawing to pray and continuing his preaching tour (vv. 31-44).

Authorship & Background

Author: Luke (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 4 records the temptation of Jesus (vv.1-13), His inaugural sermon at Nazareth (vv.14-30), and the beginning of His Galilean ministry with healings and exorcisms (vv.31-44). The Nazareth sermon is programmatic — it defines Jesus' entire mission in His own words.
The Temptation: Luke's order of temptations differs from Matthew's (Luke places the Temple temptation last; Matthew places the kingdoms temptation last). Both are accurate — they simply arrange the events differently for theological emphasis. Luke ends with Jerusalem (the Temple) because Jerusalem is the destination of Jesus' journey throughout Luke's Gospel.
Classification: Gospel — Narrative and Discourse
Key Themes: temptation following the Spirit's own leading rather than any accident, three temptations ending with the temple rather than the kingdoms, Jerusalem left as the last word because Jerusalem is where this whole Gospel is heading, a homecoming sermon at Nazareth that reads Isaiah aloud and stops mid-sentence, deliberately omitting the day of vengeance, admiration turning to attempted murder the moment Jesus mentions God's grace reaching Gentiles, and healings moving from private, a fever rebuked rather than treated, to public, a whole town's sick brought at sunset and healed one by one before he leaves the next morning because he must preach the kingdom to other cities too
Forty Days in the Wilderness (vv.1-13): He is led by the Spirit into the wilderness, so the testing is not an interruption of the calling but part of it. Three temptations, and Luke's order puts the temple last. Bread from a stone, answered from Deuteronomy, man shall not live by bread alone. Then all the kingdoms of the world offered on one condition, and the devil's claim to own them is not disputed. Then the pinnacle of the temple, where scripture is quoted at him for the first time, and answered with scripture, thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God. Luke's closing line leaves the matter open rather than settled, he departed from him for a season.
In the Power of the Spirit (vv.14-15): Two verses of summary that set up the sermon at Nazareth: Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee, and there went out a fame of him through all the region round about. He taught in their synagogues, being glorified of all. The reputation arrives before he does, which is why the hometown congregation has expectations to disappoint.
The Nazareth Sermon (vv.16-30): Jesus reads Isaiah 61:1-2 and declares "This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears" (v.21). He claims to be the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy — the anointed one who brings good news to the poor, freedom to captives, sight to the blind, and liberty to the oppressed. Notably, He stops reading mid-sentence — omitting "the day of vengeance of our God" (Isaiah 61:2b). His first coming is about mercy; vengeance awaits His return.
The Rejection at Nazareth: The hometown crowd initially marveled at His words (v.22) but turned violent when He pointed out that God's grace extends to Gentiles (vv.25-27). They tried to throw Him off a cliff — the first attempt on His life.
Capernaum, and the Unclean Spirit (vv.31-37): After being run out of Nazareth he goes down to Capernaum, and the reaction there is the opposite, they were astonished at his doctrine, for his word was with power. Then the unclean spirit, which shouts a correct answer, I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God, and is silenced. Luke, who is interested in medical detail, notes that the demon threw him down in the midst and hurt him not. The crowd's question is about method rather than identity, what a word is this! for with authority and power he commandeth the unclean spirits, and they come out.
Simon's Wife's Mother, and the Many (vv.38-44): The healings move indoors and then outdoors. Simon's wife's mother is taken with a great fever, which Luke describes as rebuked rather than treated, and she rose and ministered unto them. Then at sunset the whole town brings its sick, and he laid his hands on every one of them, which is a detail about pace rather than power. The devils are silenced again because they knew that he was Christ. In the morning he leaves, and when the crowds try to keep him he gives the reason he cannot stay, I must preach the kingdom of God to other cities also, for therefore am I sent.

Map & Geography

  • The Judean Wilderness: Jesus was tempted for 40 days in the barren region between Jerusalem and the Dead Sea.
  • Jerusalem / the Temple pinnacle (v.9): Satan took Jesus to the highest point of the Temple in Jerusalem.
  • Nazareth (v.16): Jesus returned to His hometown synagogue and read Isaiah 61, declaring its fulfillment. The crowd tried to throw Him off the cliff (the "brow of the hill," v.29).
  • Capernaum (v.31): Jesus went down to Capernaum on the Sea of Galilee and began teaching with authority there.

Places on this map

  • Judean WildernessWest Bank and IsraelThe rain shadow on the eastern side of the Judean ridge: chalk hills falling 3,500 feet to the Dead Sea in about 15 miles, with almost no water. Close enough to Jerusalem to walk to in a morning, empty enough to disappear into, which is why fugitives, prophets and monastics all used it. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Dead SeaIsrael / JordanThe lowest exposed ground on earth, about 1,400 feet below sea level, and roughly ten times saltier than the ocean because water leaves only by evaporation. Nothing lives in it, which is the image Ezekiel 47 overturns when he has it filled with fish. Wikipedia
  • NazarethNazareth, IsraelA small village in a hollow of the Galilean hills, unmentioned in the Old Testament or by Josephus. The Roman city of Sepphoris was four miles away and the Via Maris ran below, so it was obscure without being isolated. Wikipedia
  • CapernaumKfar Nahum, IsraelA fishing village on the north-west shore of the Sea of Galilee, on the road running from the coast to Damascus. A customs post and a garrison explain the tax collector and the centurion; the harbour and the synagogue explain why Jesus made it his base. Wikipedia
  • Sea of GalileeLake Kinneret, IsraelA freshwater lake 13 miles by 8, sunk 700 feet below sea level in a bowl of hills. Cold air spilling over the rim onto warm water is what produces the sudden violent squalls the Gospels keep describing. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the temptation's significance, the Nazareth sermon as Jesus' mission statement, the crowd's rejection, and the authority of Jesus over demons and disease.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

The Baptism of Jesus: Luke 3-9
BibleProject

Luke 4:14-5:39 | Opposition and Freedom | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Luke 4:1-15 - Witness of the Wilderness
David Guzik

Luke 4:14-42 - Witness Of Isaiah
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Luke -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Fighting Temptation With Scripture (vv.1-13) — At His point of greatest physical weakness, after forty days without food, Jesus answered every temptation with the Word rather than His own reasoning. How well do you know the specific Scripture you'd need in your own moments of greatest vulnerability?
  • A Mission for the Poor and Captive (vv.18-19) — Jesus defined His entire ministry around bringing good news to the poor, freedom to captives, and sight to the blind. Does your life show that same priority toward the marginalized and suffering, or does it drift toward the comfortable?
  • Blinded by Familiarity (vv.22-24) — Nazareth couldn't see past "Joseph's son" to recognize who was standing in front of them. Is there someone close to you — a spouse, a child, a friend — you've stopped seeing with fresh eyes, missing what God might be doing in them?
  • Grace That Offends (vv.25-27) — The hometown crowd turned violent the moment Jesus pointed out that God's mercy had reached Gentiles in the Old Testament. Where do you resist the idea of God's grace reaching people you quietly think don't deserve it?
  • Knowing About Him vs. Knowing Him (vv.34-41) — The demons Jesus cast out knew exactly who He was, yet that knowledge saved no one. What's the difference in your own life between knowing facts about Jesus and actually trusting and following Him?
  • Withdrawing to Pray Amid Demand (v.42) — Even while crowds were searching for Him, Jesus went to a solitary place to pray. What currently crowds out your time alone with God, and what would it cost you to protect it the way Jesus did?