Luke — Chapter 20
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1One day as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts and proclaiming the gospel, the chief priests and scribes, together with the elders, came up to Him.
2“Tell us,” they said, “by what authority are You doing these things, and who gave You this authority?”
3“I will also ask you a question,” Jesus replied. “Tell Me:
4John’s baptism—was it from heaven, or from men?”
5They deliberated among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why did you not believe him?’
6But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are convinced that John was a prophet.”
7So they answered that they did not know where it was from.
8And Jesus replied, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”
9Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants, and went away for a long time.
10At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed.
11So he sent another servant, but they beat him and treated him shamefully, sending him away empty-handed.
12Then he sent a third, but they wounded him and threw him out.
13‘What shall I do?’ asked the owner of the vineyard. ‘I will send my beloved son. Perhaps they will respect him.’
14But when the tenants saw the son, they discussed it among themselves and said, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’
15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?
16He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.” And when the people heard this, they said, “May such a thing never happen!”
17But Jesus looked directly at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone’?
18Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”
19When the scribes and chief priests realized that Jesus had spoken this parable against them, they sought to arrest Him that very hour. But they were afraid of the people.
20So they watched Him closely and sent spies who pretended to be sincere. They were hoping to catch Him in His words in order to hand Him over to the rule and authority of the governor.
21“Teacher,” they inquired, “we know that You speak and teach correctly. You show no partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.
22Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”
23But Jesus saw through their duplicity and said to them,
24“Show Me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?” “Caesar’s,” they answered.
25So Jesus told them, “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”
26And they were unable to trap Him in His words before the people. And amazed at His answer, they fell silent.
27Then some of the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to question Him.
28“Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother’s widow and raise up offspring for him.
29Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a wife but died childless.
30Then the second
31and the third married the widow, and in the same way all seven died, leaving no children.
32And last of all, the woman died.
33So then, in the resurrection, whose wife will she be? For all seven were married to her.”
34Jesus answered, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage.
35But those who are considered worthy to share in the age to come and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage.
36In fact, they can no longer die, because they are like the angels. And since they are sons of the resurrection, they are sons of God.
37Even Moses demonstrates that the dead are raised, in the passage about the burning bush. For he calls the Lord ‘the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’
38He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to Him all are alive.”
39Some of the scribes answered, “Teacher, You have spoken well!”
40And they did not dare to question Him any further.
41Then Jesus declared, “How can it be said that the Christ is the Son of David?
42For David himself says in the book of Psalms: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand
43until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.”’
44Thus David calls Him ‘Lord.’ So how can He be David’s son?”
45In the hearing of all the people, Jesus said to His disciples,
46“Beware of the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, and they love the greetings in the marketplaces, the chief seats in the synagogues, and the places of honor at banquets.
47They defraud widows of their houses, and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”
1And it came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the people in the temple, and preached the gospel, the chief priests and the scribes came upon him with the elders,
2And spake unto him, saying, Tell us, by what authority doest thou these things? or who is he that gave thee this authority?
3And he answered and said unto them, I will also ask you one thing; and answer me:
4The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or of men?
5And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why then believed ye him not?
6But and if we say, Of men; all the people will stone us: for they be persuaded that John was a prophet.
7And they answered, that they could not tell whence it was.
8And Jesus said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.
9Then began he to speak to the people this parable; A certain man planted a vineyard, and let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a far country for a long time.
10And at the season he sent a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, and sent him away empty.
11And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.
12And again he sent a third: and they wounded him also, and cast him out.
13Then said the lord of the vineyard, What shall I do? I will send my beloved son: it may be they will reverence him when they see him.
14But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, This is the heir: come, let us kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.
15So they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?
16He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to others. And when they heard it, they said, God forbid.
17And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?
18Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
19And the chief priests and the scribes the same hour sought to lay hands on him; and they feared the people: for they perceived that he had spoken this parable against them.
20And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so they might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor.
21And they asked him, saying, Master, we know that thou sayest and teachest rightly, neither acceptest thou the person of any, but teachest the way of God truly:
22Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no?
23But he perceived their craftiness, and said unto them, Why tempt ye me?
24Shew me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it? They answered and said, Caesar’s.
25And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar’s, and unto God the things which be God’s.
26And they could not take hold of his words before the people: and they marvelled at his answer, and held their peace.
27Then came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there is any resurrection; and they asked him,
28Saying, Master, Moses wrote unto us, If any man’s brother die, having a wife, and he die without children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
29There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and died without children.
30And the second took her to wife, and he died childless.
31And the third took her; and in like manner the seven also: and they left no children, and died.
32Last of all the woman died also.
33Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them is she? for seven had her to wife.
34And Jesus answering said unto them, The children of this world marry, and are given in marriage:
35But they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage:
36Neither can they die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection.
37Now that the dead are raised, even Moses shewed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.
38For he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.
39Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast well said.
40And after that they durst not ask him any question at all.
41And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David’s son?
42And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,
43Till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
44David therefore calleth him Lord, how is he then his son?
45Then in the audience of all the people he said unto his disciples,
46Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets, and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts;
47Which devour widows’ houses, and for a shew make long prayers: the same shall receive greater damnation.
1And it came to pass, on one of the days, as he was teaching the people in the temple, and preaching the gospel, there came upon him the chief priests and the scribes with the elders;
2and they spake, saying unto him, Tell us: By what authority doest thou these things? or who is he that gave thee this authority?
3And he answered and said unto them, I also will ask you a question; and tell me:
4The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or from men?
5And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why did ye not believe him?
6But if we shall say, From men; all the people will stone us: for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.
7And they answered, that they knew not whence [it was].
8And Jesus said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.
9And he began to speak unto the people this parable: A man planted a vineyard, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into another country for a long time.
10And at the season he sent unto the husbandmen a servant, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, and sent him away empty.
11And he sent yet another servant: and him also they beat, and handled him shamefully, and sent him away empty.
12And he sent yet a third: and him also they wounded, and cast him forth.
13And the lord of the vineyard said, What shall I do? I will send my beloved son; it may be they will reverence him.
14But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned one with another, saying, This is the heir; let us kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.
15And they cast him forth out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do unto them?
16He will come and destroy these husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others. And when they heard it, they said, God forbid.
17But he looked upon them, and said, What then is this that is written, The stone which the builders rejected, The same was made the head of the corner?
18Every one that falleth on that stone shall be broken to pieces; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will scatter him as dust.
19And the scribes and the chief priests sought to lay hands on him in that very hour; and they feared the people: for they perceived that he spake this parable against them.
20And they watched him, and sent forth spies, who feigned themselves to be righteous, that they might take hold of his speech, so as to deliver him up to the rule and to the authority of the governor.
21And they asked him, saying, Teacher, we know that thou sayest and teachest rightly, and acceptest not the person [of any], but of a truth teachest the way of God:
22Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or not?
23But he perceived their craftiness, and said unto them,
24Show me a denarius. Whose image and superscription hath it? And they said, Caesar`s.
25And he said unto them, Then render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar`s, and unto God the things that are God`s.
26And they were not able to take hold of the saying before the people: and they marvelled at his answer, and held their peace.
27And there came to him certain of the Sadducees, they that say that there is no resurrection;
28and they asked him, saying, Teacher, Moses wrote unto us, that if a man`s brother die, having a wife, and he be childless, his brother should take the wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
29There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and died childless;
30and the second:
31and the third took her; and likewise the seven also left no children, and died.
32Afterward the woman also died.
33In the resurrection therefore whose wife of them shall she be? for the seven had her to wife.
34And Jesus said unto them, The sons of this world marry, and are given in marriage:
35but they that are accounted worthy to attain to that world, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage:
36for neither can they die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection.
37But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed, in [the place concerning] the Bush, when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.
38Now he is not the God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.
39And certain of the scribes answering said, Teacher, thou hast well said.
40For they durst not any more ask him any question.
41And he said unto them, How say they that the Christ is David`s son?
42For David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,
43Till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet.
44David therefore calleth him Lord, and how is he his son?
45And in the hearing of all the people he said unto his disciples,
46Beware of the scribes, who desire to walk in long robes, and love salutations in the marketplaces, and chief seats in the synagogues, and chief places at feasts;
47who devour widows` houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater condemnation.
1Now one day, as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts and proclaiming the gospel, the chief priests and the experts in the law with the elders came up
2and said to him, “Tell us: By what authority are you doing these things? Or who is it who gave you this authority?”
3He answered them, “I will also ask you a question, and you tell me:
4John’s baptism—was it from heaven or from people?”
5So they discussed it with one another, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why did you not believe him?’
6But if we say, ‘From people,’ all the people will stone us because they are convinced that John was a prophet.”
7So they replied that they did not know where it came from.
8Then Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by whose authority I do these things.”
9Then he began to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, leased it to tenant farmers, and went on a journey for a long time.
10When harvest time came, he sent a slave to the tenants so that they would give him his portion of the crop. However, the tenants beat his slave and sent him away empty-handed.
11So he sent another slave. They beat this one too, treated him outrageously, and sent him away empty-handed.
12So he sent still a third. They even wounded this one and threw him out.
13Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What should I do? I will send my one dear son; perhaps they will respect him.’
14But when the tenants saw him, they said to one another, ‘This is the heir; let’s kill him so the inheritance will be ours!’
15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?
16He will come and destroy those tenants and give the vineyard to others.” When the people heard this, they said, “May this never happen!”
17But Jesus looked straight at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone’?
18Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, and the one on whom it falls will be crushed.”
19Then the experts in the law and the chief priests wanted to arrest him that very hour because they realized he had told this parable against them. But they were afraid of the people.
20Then they watched him carefully and sent spies who pretended to be sincere. They wanted to take advantage of what he might say so that they could deliver him up to the authority and jurisdiction of the governor.
21Thus they asked him, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach correctly, and show no partiality, but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth.
22Is it right for us to pay the tribute tax to Caesar or not?”
23But Jesus perceived their deceit and said to them,
24“Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?” They said, “Caesar’s.”
25So he said to them, “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”
26Thus they were unable in the presence of the people to trap him with his own words. And stunned by his answer, they fell silent.
27Now some Sadducees (who contend that there is no resurrection) came to him.
28They asked him, “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies leaving a wife but no children, that man must marry the widow and father children for his brother.
29Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a woman and died without children.
30The second
31and then the third married her, and in this same way all seven died, leaving no children.
32Finally the woman died too.
33In the resurrection, therefore, whose wife will the woman be? For all seven had married her.”
34So Jesus said to them, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage.
35But those who are regarded as worthy to share in that age and in the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage.
36In fact, they can no longer die because they are equal to angels and are sons of God, since they are sons of the resurrection.
37But even Moses revealed that the dead are raised in the passage about the bush, where he calls the Lord the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.
38Now he is not God of the dead, but of the living, for all live before him.”
39Then some of the experts in the law answered, “Teacher, you have spoken well!”
40For they did not dare any longer to ask him anything.
41But he said to them, “How is it that they say that the Christ is David’s son?
42For David himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my lord, “Sit at my right hand,
43until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”’
44If David then calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?”
45As all the people were listening, Jesus said to his disciples,
46“Beware of the experts in the law. They like walking around in long robes, and they love elaborate greetings in the marketplaces and the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.
47They devour widows’ property, and as a show make long prayers. They will receive a more severe punishment.”
1On one of those days, as he was teaching the people in the temple and preaching the Good News, the priests and scribes came to him with the elders.
2They asked him, “Tell us: by what authority do you do these things? Or who is giving you this authority?”
3He answered them, “I also will ask you one question. Tell me:
4the baptism of John, was it from heaven, or from men?”
5They reasoned with themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why didn’t you believe him?’
6But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.”
7They answered that they didn’t know where it was from.
8Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”
9He began to tell the people this parable. “A man planted a vineyard, and rented it out to some farmers, and went into another country for a long time.
10At the proper season, he sent a servant to the farmers to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the farmers beat him, and sent him away empty.
11He sent yet another servant, and they also beat him, and treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.
12He sent yet a third, and they also wounded him, and threw him out.
13The lord of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my beloved son. It may be that seeing him, they will respect him.’
14“But when the farmers saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.’
15They threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do to them?
16He will come and destroy these farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.” When they heard it, they said, “May it never be!”
17But he looked at them, and said, “Then what is this that is written, ‘The stone which the builders rejected, the same was made the chief cornerstone?’
18Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but it will crush whomever it falls on to dust.”
19The chief priests and the scribes sought to lay hands on him that very hour, but they feared the people—for they knew he had spoken this parable against them.
20They watched him, and sent out spies, who pretended to be righteous, that they might trap him in something he said, so as to deliver him up to the power and authority of the governor.
21They asked him, “Teacher, we know that you say and teach what is right, and aren’t partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God.
22Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?”
23But he perceived their craftiness, and said to them, “Why do you test me?
24Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?” They answered, “Caesar’s.”
25He said to them, “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”
26They weren’t able to trap him in his words before the people. They marveled at his answer, and were silent.
27Some of the Sadducees came to him, those who deny that there is a resurrection.
28They asked him, “Teacher, Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies having a wife, and he is childless, his brother should take the wife, and raise up children for his brother.
29There were therefore seven brothers. The first took a wife, and died childless.
30The second took her as wife, and he died childless.
31The third took her, and likewise the seven all left no children, and died.
32Afterward the woman also died.
33Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them will she be? For the seven had her as a wife.”
34Jesus said to them, “The children of this age marry, and are given in marriage.
35But those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage.
36For they can’t die any more, for they are like the angels, and are children of God, being children of the resurrection.
37But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed at the bush, when he called the Lord ‘The God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’
38Now he is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for all are alive to him.”
39Some of the scribes answered, “Teacher, you speak well.”
40They didn’t dare to ask him any more questions.
41He said to them, “Why do they say that the Christ is David’s son?
42David himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand,
43until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.”’
44“David therefore calls him Lord, so how is he his son?”
45In the hearing of all the people, he said to his disciples,
46“Beware of those scribes who like to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the marketplaces, the best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts;
47who devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers: these will receive greater condemnation.”
Summary
When the chief priests and elders demand to know by what authority Jesus acts, He counters by asking whether John's baptism was from heaven or from men, and their refusal to answer lets Him withhold His answer too (vv. 1-8). He tells the parable of tenants who beat and kill the servants a vineyard owner sends for his share of the fruit and finally murder his own son, warning the leaders that the vineyard will be taken from them and given to others (vv. 9-19). Spies sent to trap Him ask whether it is lawful to pay taxes to Caesar; Jesus has them produce a coin and tells them to give Caesar what is Caesar's and God what is God's, leaving them speechless (vv. 20-26). Sadducees, who deny the resurrection, pose a case about a woman widowed by seven brothers to mock the idea of life after death; Jesus answers that the resurrected neither marry nor die, and that God's word to Moses at the bush proves God is the God of the living, not the dead (vv. 27-40). He then asks how the Messiah can be both David's son and David's Lord, and warns the crowd to beware the scribes who love status and public honor while exploiting widows (vv. 41-47).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- The Temple in Jerusalem: Jesus continued teaching daily in the Temple courts during Passion Week. The religious leaders challenged His authority here.
- The vineyard (v.9): The Parable of the Wicked Tenants references a vineyard — a common feature of the Judean and Galilean landscape.
Places on this map
- JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
- Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia
- Galileenorthern IsraelThe northern hill country above the Jezreel Valley, wetter and greener than Judah and crossed by the trade road to Damascus. That traffic is why Judeans considered it mixed and provincial, and why Jesus grew up hearing more than one language. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the authority challenge, the wicked tenants parable, the tribute question, the resurrection debate, and David's Lord.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Luke -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Avoiding an Honest Answer (v.7) — When Jesus asks the religious leaders about John's baptism, they refuse to answer honestly because any answer would expose their own unbelief. Where are you avoiding an honest answer to something God is asking of you because the truth would require change?
- Wanting the Inheritance Without the Owner (v.14) — In the parable, the tenants kill the son hoping to seize the vineyard for themselves, wanting the blessing without submitting to the one who owns it. Where do you want God's blessings while resisting His authority over your life?
- The Rejected Stone Becomes the Cornerstone (v.17) — Jesus applies Psalm 118 to himself: the very one the builders rejected becomes the foundation everything else is built on. Where has the world's rejection of Christ made you doubt his place in your own life?
- Give God What Bears His Image (v.25) — Jesus says to give Caesar what belongs to Caesar and give God what belongs to God, since Caesar's image is on the coin while God's image is on you. Are you giving God what actually belongs to Him — your time, your obedience, your worship?
- The God of the Living (v.38) — Jesus argues for the resurrection by pointing out that God is not the God of the dead but of the living, meaning those who've died in faith are still alive to Him. How does the certainty of resurrection shape the way you face loss, aging, or your own mortality?
- Position Used to Exploit, Not Serve (vv.46-47) — The scribes love recognition and status while quietly exploiting vulnerable people under a show of religion. If you have any authority — at work, at home, in your church — are you using it to serve others or to be served?