Luke — Chapter 23

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1Then the whole council rose and led Jesus away to Pilate.

2And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar, and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.”

3So Pilate asked Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” “You have said so,” Jesus replied.

4Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”

5But they kept insisting, “He stirs up the people all over Judea with His teaching. He began in Galilee and has come all the way here.”

6When Pilate heard this, he asked if the man was a Galilean.

7And learning that Jesus was under Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent Him to Herod, who himself was in Jerusalem at that time.

8When Herod saw Jesus, he was greatly pleased. He had wanted to see Him for a long time, because he had heard about Him and was hoping to see Him perform a miracle.

9Herod questioned Jesus at great length, but He gave no answer.

10Meanwhile, the chief priests and scribes stood there, vehemently accusing Him.

11And even Herod and his soldiers ridiculed and mocked Him. Dressing Him in a fine robe, they sent Him back to Pilate.

12That day Herod and Pilate became friends; before this time they had been enemies.

13Then Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers, and the people,

14and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was inciting the people to rebellion. I have examined Him here in your presence and found Him not guilty of your charges against Him.

15Neither has Herod, for he sent Him back to us. As you can see, He has done nothing deserving of death.

16Therefore I will punish Him and release Him.”

17

18But they all cried out in unison: “Away with this man! Release Barabbas to us!”

19(Barabbas had been imprisoned for an insurrection in the city, and for murder.)

20Wanting to release Jesus, Pilate addressed them again,

21but they kept shouting, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!”

22A third time he said to them, “What evil has this man done? I have found in Him no offense worthy of death. So after I punish Him, I will release Him.”

23But they were insistent, demanding with loud voices for Jesus to be crucified. And their clamor prevailed.

24So Pilate sentenced that their demand be met.

25As they had requested, he released the one imprisoned for insurrection and murder, and he handed Jesus over to their will.

26As the soldiers led Him away, they seized Simon of Cyrene on his way in from the country, and they put the cross on him to carry behind Jesus.

27A great number of people followed Him, including women who kept mourning and wailing for Him.

28But Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for Me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.

29Look, the days are coming when people will say, ‘Blessed are the barren women, the wombs that never bore, and breasts that never nursed!’

30At that time ‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!” and to the hills, “Cover us!”’

31For if men do these things while the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”

32Two others, who were criminals, were also led away to be executed with Jesus.

33When they came to the place called The Skull, they crucified Him there, along with the criminals, one on His right and the other on His left.

34Then Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” And they divided up His garments by casting lots.

35The people stood watching, and the rulers sneered at Him, saying, “He saved others; let Him save Himself if He is the Christ of God, the Chosen One.”

36The soldiers also mocked Him and came up to offer Him sour wine.

37“If You are the King of the Jews,” they said, “save Yourself!”

38Above Him was posted an inscription: THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

39One of the criminals who hung there heaped abuse on Him. “Are You not the Christ?” he said. “Save Yourself and us!”

40But the other one rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same judgment?

41We are punished justly, for we are receiving what our actions deserve. But this man has done nothing wrong.”

42Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when You come into Your kingdom!”

43And Jesus said to him, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”

44It was now about the sixth hour, and darkness came over all the land until the ninth hour.

45The sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn down the middle.

46Then Jesus called out in a loud voice, “Father, into Your hands I commit My Spirit.” And when He had said this, He breathed His last.

47When the centurion saw what had happened, he gave glory to God, saying, “Surely this was a righteous man.”

48And when all the people who had gathered for this spectacle saw what had happened, they returned home beating their breasts.

49But all those who knew Jesus, including the women who had followed Him from Galilee, stood at a distance watching these things.

50Now there was a Council member named Joseph, a good and righteous man,

51who had not consented to their decision or action. He was from the Judean town of Arimathea and was waiting for the kingdom of God.

52He went to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus.

53Then he took it down, wrapped it in a linen cloth, and placed it in a tomb cut into the rock, where no one had yet been laid.

54It was Preparation Day, and the Sabbath was beginning.

55The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed, and they saw the tomb and how His body was placed.

56Then they returned to prepare spices and perfumes. And they rested on the Sabbath, according to the commandment.

1And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.

2And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.

3And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest it.

4Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man.

5And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.

6When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilaean.

7And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.

8And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him.

9Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him nothing.

10And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused him.

11And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.

12And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.

13And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,

14Said unto them, Ye have brought this man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:

15No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done unto him.

16I will therefore chastise him, and release him.

17(For of necessity he must release one unto them at the feast.)

18And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas:

19(Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.)

20Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them.

21But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him.

22And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go.

23And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed.

24And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required.

25And he released unto them him that for sedition and murder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.

26And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus.

27And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him.

28But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.

29For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck.

30Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.

31For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?

32And there were also two others, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.

33And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.

34Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.

35And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God.

36And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,

37And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.

38And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

39And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.

40But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?

41And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.

42And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.

43And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.

44And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.

45And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.

46And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.

47Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.

48And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.

49And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.

50And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:

51(The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.

52This man went unto Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus.

53And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.

54And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.

55And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulchre, and how his body was laid.

56And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.

1And the whole company of them rose up, and brought him before Pilate.

2And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this man perverting our nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ a king.

3And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest.

4And Pilate said unto the chief priests and the multitudes, I find no fault in this man.

5But they were the more urgent, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Judaea, and beginning from Galilee even unto this place.

6But when Pilate heard it, he asked whether the man were a Galilaean.

7And when he knew that he was of Herod`s jurisdiction, he sent him unto Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem in these days.

8Now when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was of a long time desirous to see him, because he had heard concerning him; and he hoped to see some miracle done by him.

9And he questioned him in many words; but he answered him nothing.

10And the chief priests and the scribes stood, vehemently accusing him.

11And Herod with his soldiers set him at nought, and mocked him, and arraying him in gorgeous apparel sent him back to Pilate.

12And Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day: for before they were at enmity between themselves.

13And Pilate called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,

14and said unto them, Ye brought unto me this man, as one that perverteth the people: and behold, I having examined him before you, found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:

15no, nor yet Herod: for he sent him back unto us; and behold, nothing worthy of death hath been done by him.

16I will therefore chastise him, and release him.

17[Now he must needs release unto them at the feast one prisoner.]

18But they cried out all together, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas: --

19one who for a certain insurrection made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.

20And Pilate spake unto them again, desiring to release Jesus;

21but they shouted, saying, Crucify, crucify him.

22And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath this man done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him and release him.

23But they were urgent with loud voices, asking that he might be crucified. And their voices prevailed.

24And Pilate gave sentence that what they asked for should be done.

25And he released him that for insurrection and murder had been cast into prison, whom they asked for; but Jesus he delivered up to their will.

26And when they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon of Cyrene, coming from the country, and laid on him the cross, to bear it after Jesus.

27And there followed him a great multitude of the people, and of women who bewailed and lamented him.

28But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.

29For behold, the days are coming, in which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the breasts that never gave suck.

30Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.

31For if they do these things in the green tree, what shall be done in the dry?

32And there were also two others, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.

33And when they came unto the place which is called The skull, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand and the other on the left.

34And Jesus said, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And parting his garments among them, they cast lots.

35And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also scoffed at him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if this is the Christ of God, his chosen.

36And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, offering him vinegar,

37and saying, If thou art the King of the Jews, save thyself.

38And there was also a superscription over him, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

39And one of the malefactors that were hanged railed on him, saying, Art not thou the Christ? save thyself and us.

40But the other answered, and rebuking him said, Dost thou not even fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?

41And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.

42And he said, Jesus, remember me when thou comest in thy kingdom.

43And he said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To-day shalt thou be with me in Paradise.

44And it was now about the sixth hour, and a darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour,

45the sun`s light failing: and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.

46And Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said this, he gave up the ghost.

47And when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.

48And all the multitudes that came together to this sight, when they beheld the things that were done, returned smiting their breasts.

49And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed with him from Galilee, stood afar off, seeing these things.

50And behold, a man named Joseph, who was a councillor, a good and righteous man

51(he had not consented to their counsel and deed), [a man] of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews, who was looking for the kingdom of God:

52this man went to Pilate, and asked for the body of Jesus.

53And he took it down, and wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb that was hewn in stone, where never man had yet lain.

54And it was the day of the Preparation, and the sabbath drew on.

55And the women, who had come with him out of Galilee, followed after, and beheld the tomb, and how his body was laid.

56And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments. And on the sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

1Then the whole group of them rose up and brought Jesus before Pilate.

2They began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding us to pay the tribute tax to Caesar and claiming that he himself is Christ, a king.”

3So Pilate asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” He replied, “You say so.”

4Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no basis for an accusation against this man.”

5But they persisted in saying, “He incites the people by teaching throughout all Judea. It started in Galilee and ended up here!”

6Now when Pilate heard this, he asked whether the man was a Galilean.

7When he learned that he was from Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him over to Herod, who also happened to be in Jerusalem at that time.

8When Herod saw Jesus, he was very glad, for he had long desired to see him because he had heard about him and was hoping to see him perform some miraculous sign.

9So Herod questioned him at considerable length; Jesus gave him no answer.

10The chief priests and the experts in the law were there, vehemently accusing him.

11Even Herod with his soldiers treated him with contempt and mocked him. Then, dressing him in elegant clothes, Herod sent him back to Pilate.

12That very day Herod and Pilate became friends with each other, for prior to this they had been enemies.

13Then Pilate called together the chief priests, the leaders, and the people,

14and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was misleading the people. When I examined him before you, I did not find this man guilty of anything you accused him of doing.

15Neither did Herod, for he sent him back to us. Look, he has done nothing deserving death.

16I will therefore have him flogged and release him.”

17[This verse is not included in the NET; see KJV/ASV for the traditional rendering.]

18But they all shouted out together, “Take this man away! Release Barabbas for us!”

19(This was a man who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection started in the city, and for murder.)

20Pilate addressed them once again because he wanted to release Jesus.

21But they kept on shouting, “Crucify, crucify him!”

22A third time he said to them, “Why? What wrong has he done? I have found him guilty of no crime deserving death. I will therefore flog him and release him.”

23But they were insistent, demanding with loud shouts that he be crucified. And their shouts prevailed.

24So Pilate decided that their demand should be granted.

25He released the man they asked for, who had been thrown in prison for insurrection and murder. But he handed Jesus over to their will.

26As they led him away, they seized Simon of Cyrene, who was coming in from the country. They placed the cross on his back and made him carry it behind Jesus.

27A great number of the people followed him, among them women who were mourning and wailing for him.

28But Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.

29For this is certain: The days are coming when they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore children, and the breasts that never nursed!’

30Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’

31For if such things are done when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?”

32Two other criminals were also led away to be executed with him.

33So when they came to the place that is called “The Skull,” they crucified him there, along with the criminals, one on his right and one on his left.

34[But Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.”] Then they threw dice to divide his clothes.

35The people also stood there watching, but the leaders ridiculed him, saying, “He saved others. Let him save himself if he is the Christ of God, his chosen one!”

36The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine,

37and saying, “If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself!”

38There was also an inscription over him, “This is the king of the Jews.”

39One of the criminals who was hanging there railed at him, saying, “Aren’t you the Christ? Save yourself and us!”

40But the other rebuked him, saying, “Don’t you fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation?

41And we rightly so, for we are getting what we deserve for what we did, but this man has done nothing wrong.”

42Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come in your kingdom.”

43And Jesus said to him, “I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in paradise.”

44It was now about noon, and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon,

45because the sun’s light failed. The temple curtain was torn in two.

46Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” And after he said this he breathed his last.

47Now when the centurion saw what had happened, he praised God and said, “Certainly this man was innocent!”

48And all the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle, when they saw what had taken place, returned home beating their breasts.

49And all those who knew Jesus stood at a distance, and the women who had followed him from Galilee saw these things.

50Now there was a man named Joseph who was a member of the council, a good and righteous man.

51(He had not consented to their plan and action.) He was from the Judean town of Arimathea, and was looking forward to the kingdom of God.

52He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.

53Then he took it down, wrapped it in a linen cloth, and placed it in a tomb cut out of the rock, where no one had yet been buried.

54It was the day of preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning.

55The women who had accompanied Jesus from Galilee followed, and they saw the tomb and how his body was laid in it.

56Then they returned and prepared aromatic spices and perfumes. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

1The whole company of them rose up and brought him before Pilate.

2They began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man perverting the nation, forbidding paying taxes to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ, a king.”

3Pilate asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” He answered him, “So you say.”

4Pilate said to the chief priests and the multitudes, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”

5But they insisted, saying, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee even to this place.”

6But when Pilate heard Galilee mentioned, he asked if the man was a Galilean.

7When he found out that he was in Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem during those days.

8Now when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceedingly glad, for he had wanted to see him for a long time, because he had heard many things about him. He hoped to see some miracle done by him.

9He questioned him with many words, but he gave no answers.

10The chief priests and the scribes stood, vehemently accusing him.

11Herod with his soldiers humiliated him and mocked him. Dressing him in luxurious clothing, they sent him back to Pilate.

12Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day, for before that they were enemies with each other.

13Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers, and the people,

14and said to them, “You brought this man to me as one that perverts the people, and behold, having examined him before you, I found no basis for a charge against this man concerning those things of which you accuse him.

15Neither has Herod, for I sent you to him, and see, nothing worthy of death has been done by him.

16I will therefore chastise him and release him.”

17Now he had to release one prisoner to them at the feast.

18But they all cried out together, saying, “Away with this man! Release to us Barabbas!”—

19one who was thrown into prison for a certain revolt in the city, and for murder.

20Then Pilate spoke to them again, wanting to release Jesus,

21but they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify him!”

22He said to them the third time, “Why? What evil has this man done? I have found no capital crime in him. I will therefore chastise him and release him.”

23But they were urgent with loud voices, asking that he might be crucified. Their voices and the voices of the chief priests prevailed.

24Pilate decreed that what they asked for should be done.

25He released him who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, for whom they asked, but he delivered Jesus up to their will.

26When they led him away, they grabbed one Simon of Cyrene, coming from the country, and laid on him the cross, to carry it after Jesus.

27A great multitude of the people followed him, including women who also mourned and lamented him.

28But Jesus, turning to them, said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, don’t weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.

29For behold, the days are coming in which they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore, and the breasts that never nursed.’

30Then they will begin to tell the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and tell the hills, ‘Cover us.’

31For if they do these things in the green tree, what will be done in the dry?”

32There were also others, two criminals, led with him to be put to death.

33When they came to the place that is called The Skull, they crucified him there with the criminals, one on the right and the other on the left.

34Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.” Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.

35The people stood watching. The rulers with them also scoffed at him, saying, “He saved others. Let him save himself, if this is the Christ of God, his chosen one!”

36The soldiers also mocked him, coming to him and offering him vinegar,

37and saying, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!”

38An inscription was also written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: “THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.”

39One of the criminals who was hanged insulted him, saying, “If you are the Christ, save yourself and us!”

40But the other answered, and rebuking him said, “Don’t you even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation?

41And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward for our deeds, but this man has done nothing wrong.”

42He said to Jesus, “Lord, remember me when you come into your Kingdom.”

43Jesus said to him, “Assuredly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”

44It was now about the sixth hour, and darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour.

45The sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn in two.

46Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” Having said this, he breathed his last.

47When the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, “Certainly this was a righteous man.”

48All the multitudes that came together to see this, when they saw the things that were done, returned home beating their breasts.

49All his acquaintances, and the women who followed with him from Galilee, stood at a distance, watching these things.

50Behold, a man named Joseph, who was a member of the council, a good and righteous man

51(he had not consented to their counsel and deed), from Arimathaea, a city of the Jews, who was also waiting for God’s Kingdom:

52this man went to Pilate, and asked for Jesus’ body.

53He took it down, and wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb that was cut in stone, where no one had ever been laid.

54It was the day of the Preparation, and the Sabbath was drawing near.

55The women, who had come with him out of Galilee, followed after, and saw the tomb, and how his body was laid.

56They returned, and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

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Summary

The council brings Jesus before Pilate, who finds no basis for a charge (vv. 1-4), then sends him to Herod after learning he is a Galilean; Herod mocks him and returns him to Pilate, and the two former enemies become friends that day (vv. 6-12). Pilate repeatedly declares Jesus innocent and seeks to release him, but the crowd, stirred by the chief priests, demands the murderer Barabbas instead and shouts for Jesus to be crucified until Pilate gives in (vv. 13-25). On the way to Calvary, Simon of Cyrene is made to carry the cross, and Jesus warns the weeping women of Jerusalem of coming judgment (vv. 26-31). Crucified between two criminals, Jesus asks the Father to forgive his executioners and promises paradise to the repentant criminal who asks to be remembered (vv. 34-43). Darkness covers the land and the temple veil tears as Jesus commits his spirit to the Father and dies, prompting the centurion to declare him righteous (vv. 44-47). Joseph of Arimathea then takes the body, wraps it, and lays it in an unused tomb, watched by the women from Galilee who prepare spices before resting on the Sabbath (vv. 50-56).

Authorship & Background

Author: Luke (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 23 records the trials, crucifixion, and burial of Jesus. Luke includes unique details: the trial before Herod Antipas (vv.6-12), Jesus' words to the weeping women (vv.27-31), the repentant thief (vv.39-43), and Jesus' final words "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit" (v.46).
Classification: Gospel — Narrative
Key Themes: three political charges brought before Pilate, one of them demonstrably false, answered with a verdict delivered in the trial's first five verses, I find no fault in this man, a trial before Herod found only in Luke in which Jesus simply refuses to perform or even speak, three separate declarations of innocence from Pilate followed by handing Jesus over anyway, Barabbas named specifically as guilty of the very crimes Jesus was charged with, women weeping on the road answered not with comfort but with a warning about the city itself, the first of the seven sayings from the cross recorded only in Luke, Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do, a dying criminal's simple request answered with today shalt thou be with me in paradise, and last words drawn from a child's own bedtime prayer, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit
Before Pilate (vv.1-5): The charge presented to Pilate is translated out of theology into politics, and Luke lists three counts: perverting the nation, forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ a King. The second is simply false, as chapter 20 has already shown. Pilate asks one question, gets one answer, and delivers a verdict in the first five verses, I find no fault in this man. The accusers respond not with evidence but with volume and geography, he stirreth up the people, beginning from Galilee to this place, which is what gives Pilate the idea of sending him to Herod.
The Trial Before Herod (vv.6-12): Only in Luke. Herod Antipas — the man who beheaded John the Baptist — had long wanted to see Jesus perform a miracle. Jesus refused to speak to him or perform for him. Herod mocked Him and sent Him back to Pilate. Ironically, this shared injustice made Pilate and Herod friends (v.12).
Barabbas, and the Third Verdict (vv.13-25): Pilate states his finding for the second time and adds Herod's, and then proposes flogging as a compromise, I will therefore chastise him, and release him. Luke has Pilate declare him innocent three separate times and hand him over anyway, which is the point the chapter is making about Roman justice. The crowd asks for Barabbas, and Luke tells us exactly who that was, who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison, so the man released is guilty of what Jesus was charged with. The last verse is a sentence about authority, and he delivered Jesus to their will.
The Road, and the Daughters of Jerusalem (vv.26-31): Simon of Cyrene is compelled to carry the cross, and then Luke records something no other Gospel does: a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him, and he turns to speak to them. What he says is not consolation, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children, and it is a warning about the city rather than about himself. The saying that follows is the bleakest thing he says on the way, blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, with a question left open at the end, if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?
The Crucifying, and the Mocking (vv.32-38): Two malefactors are led with him, and the crucifixion itself is one clause, there they crucified him. Then the first of the seven sayings, and Luke alone has it, Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do. The soldiers part his raiment, casting lots. The mocking comes from three directions and all three use the same word: the rulers say let him save himself, the soldiers say save thyself, and the superscription over him reads THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS. Luke notes that the people stood beholding, which distinguishes them from the rulers.
The Repentant Thief (vv.39-43): One of the most powerful conversion stories in Scripture. A criminal, dying on a cross, with nothing to offer — no good works, no baptism, no church membership — simply said "Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom." Jesus' response: "To day shalt thou be with me in paradise." Salvation by grace through faith alone, demonstrated in the most extreme circumstances.
Darkness, and the Last Cry (vv.44-49): Darkness over all the earth from the sixth hour to the ninth, and Luke gives a cause, the sun was darkened. The veil of the temple is rent in the midst. Then the last words, and Luke's are different from Mark's, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit, which is Psalm 31 and is a line a Jewish child would say at bedtime. The centurion's verdict in Luke is also different, certainly this was a righteous man. Then two crowds: the people who smote their breasts and went home, and his acquaintance and the women that followed him from Galilee, standing afar off, beholding these things.
Joseph, and the Sabbath Drawing On (vv.50-56): Joseph is described in terms that make his position uncomfortable, a counsellor, and he was a good man, and a just, with a clause Luke inserts to explain it, the same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them. The burial is quick and the details are the kind that matter later: a sepulchre hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid, and the day is the preparation, and the sabbath drew on. The women follow and note the place. Then the sentence that explains why they come back and why the spices are late, and they rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.

Map & Geography

  • Pilate's judgment hall (v.1): The Roman governor's headquarters in Jerusalem (the Praetorium).
  • Herod's palace (v.7): Jesus was sent to Herod Antipas, who was also in Jerusalem for Passover. Herod's palace was in the upper city.
  • Golgotha / Calvary (v.33): "The place which is called Calvary" — the execution site outside Jerusalem's walls.
  • Cyrene (v.26): Simon was from Cyrene in North Africa. He carried Jesus' cross.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • CalvaryChurch of the Holy Sepulchre, JerusalemGolgotha, place of a skull, was an outcrop of rock beside a road just outside the city wall of the time, next to a disused quarry used for tombs. The wall was later extended, which is why the traditional site now sits inside the Old City. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the trial before Herod, Pilate's weakness, the weeping women, the repentant thief, Jesus' seven last words, and the burial.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

The Crucifixion of Jesus: Luke 19-23
BibleProject

Luke 22:66-23:56 | The Crucifixion | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Luke 23:1-31 - Witness of Pontius Pilate
David Guzik

Luke 23:32-56 - Witness of the Thief on the Cross
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Luke -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • God Is Not a Performer (v.8) — Herod wants Jesus to entertain him with a miracle, and Jesus refuses to say a word to him. Are you approaching God out of genuine faith, or treating Him like something meant to satisfy your curiosity?
  • Weep for Yourselves (v.28) — On the road to Calvary, Jesus tells the grieving women to weep for themselves and their children instead of him. How does his concern for their spiritual condition, even in his own suffering, challenge how absorbed you get in your own problems?
  • Forgiving From the Cross (v.34) — While being nailed to the cross, Jesus prays for the forgiveness of the very people executing him. Is there anyone you're still refusing to forgive, and what excuse could possibly outweigh his example?
  • Paradise for Nothing but Faith (v.43) — A dying criminal with nothing to offer simply asks to be remembered, and Jesus promises him paradise that same day. Are you resting in that same grace, or still quietly trying to earn your way to God?
  • Committing Your Spirit Into His Hands (v.46) — Jesus' final words are an act of trust, placing himself completely into the Father's hands. Can you pray that same prayer today over whatever you're most afraid to let go of?
  • Truth Recognized by an Outsider (v.47) — A Roman centurion, someone with every reason to be indifferent, is the one who declares Jesus righteous while the religious insiders refuse to see it. Are you open to truth even when it comes from an unexpected source?