Matthew — Chapter 19

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1When Jesus had finished saying these things, He left Galilee and went into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan.

2Large crowds followed Him, and He healed them there.

3Then some Pharisees came and tested Him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”

4Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’

5and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh’?

6So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate.”

7“Why then,” they asked, “did Moses order a man to give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?”

8Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart. But it was not this way from the beginning.

9Now I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.”

10His disciples said to Him, “If this is the case between a man and his wife, it is better not to marry.”

11“Not everyone can accept this word,” He replied, “but only those to whom it has been given.

12For there are eunuchs who were born that way; others were made that way by men; and still others live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it.”

13Then little children were brought to Jesus for Him to place His hands on them and pray for them. And the disciples rebuked those who brought them.

14But Jesus said, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them! For the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.”

15And after He had placed His hands on them, He went on from there.

16Just then a man came up to Jesus and inquired, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to obtain eternal life?”

17“Why do you ask Me about what is good?” Jesus replied. “There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments.”

18“Which ones?” the man asked. Jesus answered, “‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not bear false witness,

19honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself.’”

20“All these I have kept,” said the young man. “What do I still lack?”

21Jesus told him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow Me.”

22When the young man heard this, he went away in sorrow, because he had great wealth.

23Then Jesus said to His disciples, “Truly I tell you, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven.

24Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.”

25When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astonished and asked, “Who then can be saved?”

26Jesus looked at them and said, “With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.”

27“Look,” Peter replied, “we have left everything to follow You. What then will there be for us?”

28Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

29And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or fields for the sake of My name will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life.

30But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.

1And it came to pass, that when Jesus had finished these sayings, he departed from Galilee, and came into the coasts of Judaea beyond Jordan;

2And great multitudes followed him; and he healed them there.

3The Pharisees also came unto him, tempting him, and saying unto him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause?

4And he answered and said unto them, Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female,

5And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh?

6Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.

7They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away?

8He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.

9And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery.

10His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry.

11But he said unto them, All men cannot receive this saying, save they to whom it is given.

12For there are some eunuchs, which were so born from their mother’s womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven’s sake. He that is able to receive it, let him receive it.

13Then were there brought unto him little children, that he should put his hands on them, and pray: and the disciples rebuked them.

14But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven.

15And he laid his hands on them, and departed thence.

16And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?

17And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments.

18He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness,

19Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

20The young man saith unto him, All these things have I kept from my youth up: what lack I yet?

21Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me.

22But when the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful: for he had great possessions.

23Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven.

24And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.

25When his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amazed, saying, Who then can be saved?

26But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.

27Then answered Peter and said unto him, Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore?

28And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

29And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name’s sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life.

30But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first.

1And it came to pass when Jesus had finished these words, he departed from Galilee, and came into the borders of Judaea beyond the Jordan;

2and great multitudes followed him; and he healed them there.

3And there came unto him Pharisees, trying him, and saying, Is it lawful [for a man] to put away his wife for every cause?

4And he answered and said, Have ye not read, that he who made [them] from the beginning made them male and female,

5and said, For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife; and the two shall become one flesh?

6So that they are no more two, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.

7They say unto him, Why then did Moses command to give a bill of divorcement, and to put [her] away?

8He saith unto them, Moses for your hardness of heart suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it hath not been so.

9And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and he that marrieth her when she is put away committeth adultery.

10The disciples say unto him, If the case of the man is so with his wife, it is not expedient to marry.

11But he said unto them, Not all men can receive this saying, but they to whom it is given.

12For there are eunuchs, that were so born from their mother`s womb: and there are eunuchs, that were made eunuchs by men: and there are eunuchs, that made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven`s sake. He that is able to receive it, let him receive it.

13Then were there brought unto him little children, that he should lay his hands on them, and pray: and the disciples rebuked them.

14But Jesus said, Suffer the little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me: for to such belongeth the kingdom of heaven.

15And he laid his hands on them, and departed thence.

16And behold, one came to him and said, Teacher, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?

17And he said unto him, Why askest thou me concerning that which is good? One there is who is good: but if thou wouldest enter into life, keep the commandments.

18He saith unto him, Which? And Jesus said, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness,

19Honor thy father and mother; and, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.

20The young man saith unto him, All these things have I observed: what lack I yet?

21Jesus said unto him, If thou wouldest be perfect, go, sell that which thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me.

22But when the young man heard the saying, he went away sorrowful; for he was one that had great possessions.

23And Jesus said unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, It is hard for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven.

24And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through a needle`s eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.

25And when the disciples heard it, they were astonished exceedingly, saying, Who then can be saved?

26And Jesus looking upon [them] said to them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.

27Then answered Peter and said unto him, Lo, we have left all, and followed thee; what then shall we have?

28And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, that ye who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit on the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

29And every one that hath left houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or children, or lands, for my name`s sake, shall receive a hundredfold, and shall inherit eternal life.

30But many shall be last [that are] first; and first [that are] last.

1Now when Jesus finished these sayings, he left Galilee and went to the region of Judea beyond the Jordan River.

2Large crowds followed him, and he healed them there.

3Then some Pharisees came to him in order to test him. They asked, “Is it lawful to divorce a wife for any cause?”

4He answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator made them male and female,

5and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and will be united with his wife, and the two will become one flesh’?

6So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate.”

7They said to him, “Why then did Moses command us to give a certificate of dismissal and to divorce her?”

8Jesus said to them, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hard hearts, but from the beginning it was not this way.

9Now I say to you that whoever divorces his wife, except for immorality, and marries another commits adultery.”

10The disciples said to him, “If this is the case of a husband with a wife, it is better not to marry!”

11He said to them, “Not everyone can accept this statement, except those to whom it has been given.

12For there are some eunuchs who were that way from birth, and some who were made eunuchs by others, and some who became eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who is able to accept this should accept it.”

13Then little children were brought to him for him to lay his hands on them and pray. But the disciples scolded those who brought them.

14But Jesus said, “Let the little children come to me and do not try to stop them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.”

15And he placed his hands on them and went on his way.

16Now someone came up to him and said, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to gain eternal life?”

17He said to him, “Why do you ask me about what is good? There is only one who is good. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.”

18“Which ones?” he asked. Jesus replied, “Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony,

19honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself.”

20The young man said to him, “I have wholeheartedly obeyed all these laws. What do I still lack?”

21Jesus said to him, “If you wish to be perfect, go sell your possessions and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.”

22But when the young man heard this he went away sorrowful, for he was very rich.

23Then Jesus said to his disciples, “I tell you the truth, it will be hard for a rich person to enter the kingdom of heaven!

24Again I say, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter into the kingdom of God.”

25The disciples were greatly astonished when they heard this and said, “Then who can be saved?”

26Jesus looked at them and replied, “This is impossible for mere humans, but for God all things are possible.”

27Then Peter said to him, “Look, we have left everything to follow you! What then will there be for us?”

28Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth: In the age when all things are renewed, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on 12 thrones, judging the 12 tribes of Israel.

29And whoever has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields for my sake will receive a hundred times as much and will inherit eternal life.

30But many who are first will be last, and the last first.

1When Jesus had finished these words, he departed from Galilee, and came into the borders of Judea beyond the Jordan.

2Great multitudes followed him, and he healed them there.

3Pharisees came to him, testing him, and saying, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”

4He answered, “Haven’t you read that he who made them from the beginning made them male and female,

5and said, ‘For this cause a man shall leave his father and mother, and shall be joined to his wife; and the two shall become one flesh?’

6So that they are no more two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, don’t let man tear apart.”

7They asked him, “Why then did Moses command us to give her a bill of divorce, and divorce her?”

8He said to them, “Moses, because of the hardness of your hearts, allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it has not been so.

9I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery; and he who marries her when she is divorced commits adultery.”

10His disciples said to him, “If this is the case of the man with his wife, it is not expedient to marry.”

11But he said to them, “Not all men can receive this saying, but those to whom it is given.

12For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother’s womb, and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men; and there are eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven’s sake. He who is able to receive it, let him receive it.”

13Then little children were brought to him, that he should lay his hands on them and pray; and the disciples rebuked them.

14But Jesus said, “Allow the little children, and don’t forbid them to come to me; for the Kingdom of Heaven belongs to ones like these.”

15He laid his hands on them, and departed from there.

16Behold, one came to him and said, “Good teacher, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?”

17He said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good but one, that is, God. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.”

18He said to him, “Which ones?” Jesus said, “‘You shall not murder.’ ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ ‘You shall not steal.’ ‘You shall not offer false testimony.’

19‘Honor your father and your mother.’ And, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’”

20The young man said to him, “All these things I have observed from my youth. What do I still lack?”

21Jesus said to him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell what you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.”

22But when the young man heard the saying, he went away sad, for he was one who had great possessions.

23Jesus said to his disciples, “Most certainly I say to you, a rich man will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven with difficulty.

24Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through a needle’s eye, than for a rich man to enter into God’s Kingdom.”

25When the disciples heard it, they were exceedingly astonished, saying, “Who then can be saved?”

26Looking at them, Jesus said, “With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.”

27Then Peter answered, “Behold, we have left everything, and followed you. What then will we have?”

28Jesus said to them, “Most certainly I tell you that you who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on the throne of his glory, you also will sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

29Everyone who has left houses, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name’s sake, will receive one hundred times, and will inherit eternal life.

30But many will be last who are first; and first who are last.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Pharisees test Jesus by asking about divorce, and he responds that God's original design joined man and woman as one flesh and that Moses permitted divorce only because of hardness of heart, adding that divorcing one's wife except for sexual immorality and remarrying commits adultery (vv. 1-9). When the disciples react that it is better not to marry, Jesus speaks of those who remain single for the kingdom's sake (vv. 10-12). He welcomes little children brought to him despite the disciples' objections, saying the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these (vv. 13-15). A rich young man asks what he must do to inherit eternal life, and when told to keep the commandments and then to sell his possessions and follow Jesus, he goes away sorrowful because of his great wealth, prompting Jesus to say it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God (vv. 16-24). When Peter asks what the disciples will receive for having left everything, Jesus promises them thrones in the renewed world and assures that many who are first will be last, and the last first (vv. 25-30).

Authorship & Background

Author: Matthew (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 19 marks Jesus' departure from Galilee toward Jerusalem — the final journey to the cross. It contains three major encounters: the Pharisees' question about divorce (vv.3-12), Jesus blessing the children (vv.13-15), and the rich young ruler (vv.16-30).
The Divorce Question: The Pharisees were testing Jesus by asking Him to take sides in a rabbinic debate. The school of Shammai allowed divorce only for sexual immorality; the school of Hillel allowed it for almost any reason (including burning dinner). Jesus goes back to Genesis — to God's original design — and declares that marriage is permanent by divine intent.
The Rich Young Ruler: A man who had everything the world values — youth, wealth, moral uprightness, and religious devotion. Yet he lacked the one thing necessary: willingness to surrender everything to follow Jesus. He is the only person in the Gospels who came to Jesus and walked away sad.
Classification: Gospel — Narrative
Key Themes: a test question about divorce answered by going behind Moses to Genesis itself, what therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder, Moses' provision named a concession to hardness of heart rather than a permission, disciples rebuking people who bring children to Jesus for the second time in three chapters and being corrected again, a rich young man who alone in the Gospels asks what lack I yet and alone walks away sorrowful for his great possessions, and an answer that removes the whole matter from human capacity entirely, with God all things are possible
What Therefore God Hath Joined (vv.1-12): The question is put as a test and in the terms of a live rabbinic dispute, is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause? The answer goes behind Moses to Genesis, quoting both creation accounts, and draws the conclusion, what therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Moses' provision is described as a concession to hardness of heart rather than a permission. The exception Matthew records is fornication. The disciples' reaction is telling, if it be so, it is not good to marry, and the reply neither denies nor generalises it, all men cannot receive this saying, he that is able to receive it, let him receive it.
Suffer the Little Children (vv.13-15): Three verses, and the disciples are wrong twice in three chapters about the same group. They rebuke the people bringing children, and the correction is short, suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me, with the reason given as a statement about the kingdom rather than about children, for of such is the kingdom of heaven. He laid his hands on them, and departed thence.
The Rich Young Man (vv.16-30): Matthew alone tells us he was young, and alone records the exchange about which commandments, and alone has the questioner ask what lack I yet? The instruction is total, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and Matthew's note on the outcome is one of the saddest sentences in the Gospel, he went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions. Then the camel and the needle's eye, the disciples' astonishment, and the answer that removes the matter from human capacity, with God all things are possible. Peter asks what they will get, and the reply promises thrones and then immediately unsettles it, but many that are first shall be last, and the last shall be first.

Map & Geography

  • Beyond the Jordan / Perea (v.1): Jesus departed from Galilee and went south through the region east of the Jordan River (Perea). This marks the beginning of His final journey toward Jerusalem.
  • Judea (v.1): Jesus entered the southern region, approaching Jerusalem for the last time.
  • The geographic shift from Galilee to Judea signals the transition from ministry to passion.

Places on this map

  • Jordan RiverIsrael / Jordan borderRuns about 65 miles as the crow flies from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, dropping from 700 to 1,400 feet below sea level. Narrow enough to wade at most fords, it was still the boundary that divided wilderness from inheritance. Wikipedia
  • Pereawestern JordanThe strip east of the Jordan between Pella and the Arnon, Jewish in population and ruled with Galilee under Herod Antipas. Pilgrims used it to bypass Samaria, which is the route behind the phrase beyond Jordan in the Gospels. Wikipedia
  • Galileenorthern IsraelThe northern hill country above the Jezreel Valley, wetter and greener than Judah and crossed by the trade road to Damascus. That traffic is why Judeans considered it mixed and provincial, and why Jesus grew up hearing more than one language. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Jesus' teaching on divorce and remarriage, the exception clause ("except for fornication"), the meaning of "eunuchs for the kingdom," and the rich young ruler's fatal attachment to wealth.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Matthew 19 Summary in 5 Minutes - Quick Bible Study
2BeLikeChrist

Matthew 19-20 | The Rich Young Ruler | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Matthew -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Marriage by God's Design (vv.4-6) — Jesus answers a trap question about divorce by pointing back to God's original design: one man and one woman, joined for life. Are you treating marriage — your own or others' — as permanent by God's intent, or as negotiable by human convenience?
  • Kingdom Belongs to the Childlike (v.14) — Jesus welcomes the children the disciples tried to turn away, saying the kingdom belongs to such as these. What childlike trust or humility have you lost that you need to recover?
  • The One Thing Withheld (v.22) — A man who kept every commandment walks away sorrowful because he cannot surrender his wealth to follow Jesus. What is the "one thing" Jesus would put His finger on in your life?
  • Salvation Is God's Work (v.26) — When the disciples wonder who can possibly be saved, Jesus says it is impossible for people but possible for God. Are you resting in what God has done, or still trying to earn your way?
  • The Kingdom's Reversal (v.30) — Jesus warns that many who are first will be last, and the last first. How does your definition of success line up with the kingdom's upside-down values?