Matthew — Chapter 2

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1After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem,

2asking, “Where is the One who has been born King of the Jews? We saw His star in the east and have come to worship Him.”

3When King Herod heard this, he was disturbed, and all Jerusalem with him.

4And when he had assembled all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he asked them where the Christ was to be born.

5“In Bethlehem in Judea,” they replied, “for this is what the prophet has written:

6‘But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah, for out of you will come a ruler who will be the shepherd of My people Israel.’”

7Then Herod called the Magi secretly and learned from them the exact time the star had appeared.

8And sending them to Bethlehem, he said: “Go and search carefully for the Child, and when you find Him, report to me, so that I too may go and worship Him.”

9After they had heard the king, they went on their way, and the star they had seen in the east went ahead of them until it stood over the place where the Child was.

10When they saw the star, they rejoiced with great delight.

11On coming to the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary, and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented Him with gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh.

12And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they withdrew to their country by another route.

13When the Magi had gone, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream. “Get up!” he said. “Take the Child and His mother and flee to Egypt. Stay there until I tell you, for Herod is going to search for the Child to kill Him.”

14So he got up, took the Child and His mother by night, and withdrew to Egypt,

15where he stayed until the death of Herod. This fulfilled what the Lord had spoken through the prophet: “Out of Egypt I called My Son.”

16When Herod saw that he had been outwitted by the Magi, he was filled with rage. Sending orders, he put to death all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under, according to the time he had learned from the Magi.

17Then what was spoken through the prophet Jeremiah was fulfilled:

18“A voice is heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more.”

19After Herod died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt.

20“Get up!” he said. “Take the Child and His mother and go to the land of Israel, for those seeking the Child’s life are now dead.”

21So Joseph got up, took the Child and His mother, and went to the land of Israel.

22But when he learned that Archelaus was reigning in Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. And having been warned in a dream, he withdrew to the district of Galilee,

23and he went and lived in a town called Nazareth. So was fulfilled what was spoken through the prophets: “He will be called a Nazarene.”

1Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem,

2Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him.

3When Herod the king had heard these things, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.

4And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together, he demanded of them where Christ should be born.

5And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judaea: for thus it is written by the prophet,

6And thou Bethlehem, in the land of Juda, art not the least among the princes of Juda: for out of thee shall come a Governor, that shall rule my people Israel.

7Then Herod, when he had privily called the wise men, enquired of them diligently what time the star appeared.

8And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found him, bring me word again, that I may come and worship him also.

9When they had heard the king, they departed; and, lo, the star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.

10When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.

11And when they were come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh.

12And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way.

13And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him.

14When he arose, he took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt:

15And was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son.

16Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently enquired of the wise men.

17Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, saying,

18In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not.

19But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth in a dream to Joseph in Egypt,

20Saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they are dead which sought the young child’s life.

21And he arose, and took the young child and his mother, and came into the land of Israel.

22But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of Galilee:

23And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene.

1Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, Wise-men from the east came to Jerusalem, saying,

2Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we saw his star in the east, and are come to worship him.

3And when Herod the king heard it, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.

4And gathering together all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ should be born.

5And they said unto him, In Bethlehem of Judaea: for thus it is written through the prophet,

6And thou Bethlehem, land of Judah, Art in no wise least among the princes of Judah: For out of thee shall come forth a governor, Who shall be shepherd of my people Israel.

7Then Herod privily called the Wise-men, and learned of them exactly what time the star appeared.

8And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search out exactly concerning the young child; and when ye have found [him,] bring me word, that I also may come and worship him.

9And they, having heard the king, went their way; and lo, the star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was.

10And when they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.

11And they came into the house and saw the young child with Mary his mother; and they fell down and worshipped him; and opening their treasures they offered unto him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh.

12And being warned [of God] in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way.

13Now when they were departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I tell thee: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him.

14And he arose and took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt;

15and was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt did I call my son.

16Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the Wise-men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the male children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the borders thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had exactly learned of the Wise-men.

17Then was fulfilled that which was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet, saying,

18A voice was heard in Ramah, Weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children; And she would not be comforted, because they are not.

19But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeareth in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, saying,

20Arise and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they are dead that sought the young child`s life.

21And he arose and took the young child and his mother, and came into the land of Israel.

22But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judaea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither; and being warned [of God] in a dream, he withdrew into the parts of Galilee,

23and came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth; that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophets, that he should be called a Nazarene.

1After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, in the time of King Herod, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem

2saying, “Where is the one who is born king of the Jews? For we saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him.”

3When King Herod heard this he was alarmed, and all Jerusalem with him.

4After assembling all the chief priests and experts in the law, he asked them where the Christ was to be born.

5“In Bethlehem of Judea,” they said, “for it is written this way by the prophet:

6‘And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah,are in no way least among the rulers of Judah,for out of you will come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.’”

7Then Herod privately summoned the wise men and determined from them when the star had appeared.

8He sent them to Bethlehem and said, “Go and look carefully for the child. When you find him, inform me so that I can go and worship him as well.”

9After listening to the king they left, and once again the star they saw when it rose led them until it stopped above the place where the child was.

10When they saw the star they shouted joyfully.

11As they came into the house and saw the child with Mary his mother, they bowed down and worshiped him. They opened their treasure boxes and gave him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.

12After being warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they went back by another route to their own country.

13After they had gone, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, “Get up, take the child and his mother and flee to Egypt, and stay there until I tell you, for Herod is going to look for the child to kill him.”

14Then he got up, took the child and his mother during the night, and went to Egypt.

15He stayed there until Herod died. In this way what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet was fulfilled: “I called my Son out of Egypt.”

16When Herod saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, he became enraged. He sent men to kill all the children in Bethlehem and throughout the surrounding region from the age of two and under, according to the time he had learned from the wise men.

17Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled:

18“A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and loud wailing, Rachel weeping for her children, and she did not want to be comforted, because they were gone.”

19After Herod had died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt

20saying, “Get up, take the child and his mother, and go to the land of Israel, for those who were seeking the child’s life are dead.”

21So he got up and took the child and his mother and returned to the land of Israel.

22But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. After being warned in a dream, he went to the regions of Galilee.

23He came to a town called Nazareth and lived there. Then what had been spoken by the prophets was fulfilled, that Jesus would be called a Nazarene.

1Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of King Herod, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, saying,

2“Where is he who is born King of the Jews? For we saw his star in the east, and have come to worship him.”

3When King Herod heard it, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.

4Gathering together all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he asked them where the Christ would be born.

5They said to him, “In Bethlehem of Judea, for this is written through the prophet,

6‘You Bethlehem, land of Judah, are in no way least among the princes of Judah: for out of you shall come a governor, who shall shepherd my people, Israel.’”

7Then Herod secretly called the wise men, and learned from them exactly what time the star appeared.

8He sent them to Bethlehem, and said, “Go and search diligently for the young child. When you have found him, bring me word, so that I also may come and worship him.”

9They, having heard the king, went their way; and behold, the star, which they saw in the east, went before them, until it came and stood over where the young child was.

10When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly great joy.

11They came into the house and saw the young child with Mary, his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Opening their treasures, they offered to him gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh.

12Being warned in a dream that they shouldn’t return to Herod, they went back to their own country another way.

13Now when they had departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, “Arise and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and stay there until I tell you, for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him.”

14He arose and took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt,

15and was there until the death of Herod; that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, “Out of Egypt I called my son.”

16Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked by the wise men, was exceedingly angry, and sent out, and killed all the male children who were in Bethlehem and in all the surrounding countryside, from two years old and under, according to the exact time which he had learned from the wise men.

17Then that which was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying,

18“A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children; she wouldn’t be comforted, because they are no more.”

19But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, saying,

20“Arise and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel, for those who sought the young child’s life are dead.”

21He arose and took the young child and his mother, and came into the land of Israel.

22But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in the place of his father, Herod, he was afraid to go there. Being warned in a dream, he withdrew into the region of Galilee,

23and came and lived in a city called Nazareth; that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophets: “He will be called a Nazarene.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Wise men from the east arrive in Jerusalem seeking the newborn king of the Jews, prompting a troubled Herod to learn from the chief priests that the Messiah is to be born in Bethlehem (vv. 1-6). Herod secretly sends the magi to find the child under the pretense of wanting to worship him; the star leads them to Jesus, they present gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh, and are then warned in a dream to avoid Herod on their way home (vv. 7-12). An angel warns Joseph to flee to Egypt with Mary and Jesus, and when Herod realizes he has been outwitted he orders the massacre of Bethlehem's boys age two and under, fulfilling Jeremiah's prophecy of Rachel weeping for her children (vv. 13-18). After Herod dies, an angel again guides Joseph, who settles the family in Nazareth rather than Judea, fulfilling the prophecy that the Messiah would be called a Nazarene (vv. 19-23).

Authorship & Background

Author: Matthew (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 2 records the visit of the Magi, the flight to Egypt, the massacre of the innocents, and the return to Nazareth. Four Old Testament prophecies are fulfilled in this chapter — more than any other single chapter in Matthew.
Herod the Great: One of history's most brutal rulers. He was an Idumean (Edomite) appointed king of Judea by Rome in 37 BC. He was known for his massive building projects (including the Temple expansion) and his paranoid cruelty — he executed his own wife and sons when he suspected them of plotting against him. The massacre of the innocents (v.16) is entirely consistent with his character.
The Magi: Not kings, not three in number (the Bible doesn't specify). They were likely Zoroastrian astrologer-priests from Persia or Babylon, part of a priestly caste that studied the stars. They may have known of the Jewish prophecies through the influence of Daniel (who was chief of the Babylonian wise men, Daniel 2:48). Their visit likely occurred when Jesus was up to 2 years old (v.16) — not at the manger.
Classification: Gospel — Narrative
Key Themes: astrologers from outside Israel reading a star correctly and then asking the wrong man for directions, Herod's own scholars naming the exact town of Bethlehem from Micah without a single one of them making the five-mile trip, a request for a report that Matthew frames as a lie before it is even carried out, a flight to Egypt attached to Hosea's out of Egypt have I called my son so the child retraces the nation's own route, and a massacre answered only with Jeremiah's Rachel weeping for her children, Matthew offering no consolation alongside it
The Wise Men from the East (vv.1-12): The visitors are astrologers from outside Israel who read a star correctly and then ask the wrong man for directions. Herod's court supplies the answer from Micah, and Matthew lets the irony stand: the scholars know exactly where the Messiah is to be born and none of them travels the five miles to look. Herod's request for a report is described by Matthew as a lie before it is one, he sent them, saying, that I may come and worship him also. The gifts are gold, frankincense and myrrh, and the chapter does not interpret them. The men go home another way, being warned of God in a dream.
The Flight into Egypt (vv.13-15): The instruction comes at night and is urgent, arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and Joseph leaves the same night. Matthew attaches Hosea 11:1 to it, out of Egypt have I called my son, which in Hosea is about the nation coming out of slavery. Matthew reads the child as retracing Israel's route, which is the pattern the next two chapters keep: Egypt, then the water, then the wilderness, then the mountain.
Herod Slew the Children (vv.16-18): Three verses, and Matthew gives the reason for the massacre as wounded pride, when Herod saw that he was mocked of the wise men, he was exceeding wroth. The order covers all the children in Bethlehem and the coasts thereof from two years old and under, and the two years is worked out from what the astrologers told him. Then Jeremiah is quoted, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not. Matthew offers no consolation with it.
Return, and Nazareth (vv.19-23): Three dreams in one chapter guide the family, and the last one changes their destination. Joseph is told Herod is dead and sets out for Judaea, then hears that Archelaus reigns there and is warned off, so he turns aside into Galilee and settles at Nazareth. Matthew's closing fulfilment note has no clear source text and he says so vaguely himself, spoken by the prophets, he shall be called a Nazarene, which readers have been arguing about ever since. The family ends up in an obscure town because of a political risk.

Map & Geography

  • Bethlehem: Located 5 miles south of Jerusalem in Judea. Birthplace of Jesus and King David. Fulfills Micah 5:2.
  • Jerusalem: Herod's capital, where the Magi first inquired about the newborn King. About 5 miles north of Bethlehem.
  • Egypt: The holy family fled south into Egypt to escape Herod's massacre, fulfilling Hosea 11:1 ("Out of Egypt I called my son").
  • Nazareth: A small village in Galilee (northern Israel), where the family settled upon return, fulfilling "He shall be called a Nazarene."

Places on this map

  • BethlehemBethlehem, West BankA small town on the ridge road five miles south of Jerusalem, at the edge of the cultivated land before the Judean wilderness. Its name means house of bread, and its terraced barley fields are where Ruth gleaned and where David kept sheep. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
  • NazarethNazareth, IsraelA small village in a hollow of the Galilean hills, unmentioned in the Old Testament or by Josephus. The Roman city of Sepphoris was four miles away and the Via Maris ran below, so it was obscure without being isolated. Wikipedia
  • Galileenorthern IsraelThe northern hill country above the Jezreel Valley, wetter and greener than Judah and crossed by the trade road to Damascus. That traffic is why Judeans considered it mixed and provincial, and why Jesus grew up hearing more than one language. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines who the Magi were, the significance of the three gifts, Herod's character, the typological meaning of the Egypt flight, and the four fulfilled prophecies.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Matthew 1:18-2:23 | Jesus' Genealogy | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Embracing the Obscure: The Meaning of Nazareth - Matthew 2:13-23
David Guzik

He Shall Be Called A Nazarene - Matthew 2:23
David Guzik

A Lot in a Little Cradle - Matthew 2:1-2, 11
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org Matthew quotes a prophecy about Nazareth that appears nowhere in the Old Testament. What he is doing.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Matthew -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Following the Star (v.2) — The Magi crossed hundreds of miles on the evidence of a star and a prophecy, seeking Him out to worship Him. What would it cost you to pursue Christ with that kind of intentional devotion?
  • Knowing the Truth but Not Acting on It (vv.5-6) — The chief priests and scribes could quote the prophecy of the Messiah's birthplace accurately, yet none of them made the five-mile trip to Bethlehem. Where do you have clear knowledge of what God wants that you're not acting on?
  • Worship That Costs Something (v.11) — The Magi fell down before Jesus and offered gold, frankincense, and myrrh — treasures that unknowingly told the story of His kingship, priesthood, and death. What is your worship costing you, and does it tell the true story of who Christ is?
  • Immediate Obedience to a Warning (vv.12-14) — Both the Magi and Joseph acted the moment God warned them in a dream, without delay or argument. When God makes His direction clear to you, how quickly do you respond?
  • The Cost That Comes With the Christ (v.16) — Herod's rage led to the slaughter of Bethlehem's children, showing that Jesus' arrival brought both salvation and suffering into a broken world. How do you hold together the reality that following Christ can bring both blessing and cost?