Deuteronomy — Chapter 14
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1You are sons of the LORD your God; do not cut yourselves or shave your foreheads on behalf of the dead,
2for you are a people holy to the LORD your God. The LORD has chosen you to be a people for His prized possession out of all the peoples on the face of the earth.
3You must not eat any detestable thing.
4These are the animals that you may eat: The ox, the sheep, the goat,
5the deer, the gazelle, the roe deer, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, and the mountain sheep.
6You may eat any animal that has a split hoof divided in two and that chews the cud.
7But of those that chew the cud or have a completely divided hoof, you are not to eat the following: the camel, the rabbit, or the rock badger. Although they chew the cud, they do not have a divided hoof. They are unclean for you,
8as well as the pig; though it has a divided hoof, it does not chew the cud. It is unclean for you. You must not eat its meat or touch its carcass.
9Of all the creatures that live in the water, you may eat anything with fins and scales,
10but you may not eat anything that does not have fins and scales; it is unclean for you.
11You may eat any clean bird,
12but these you may not eat: the eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,
13the red kite, the falcon, any kind of kite,
14any kind of raven,
15the ostrich, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,
16the little owl, the great owl, the white owl,
17the desert owl, the osprey, the cormorant,
18the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, or the bat.
19All flying insects are unclean for you; they may not be eaten.
20But you may eat any clean bird.
21You are not to eat any carcass; you may give it to the foreigner residing within your gates, and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. For you are a holy people belonging to the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.
22You must be sure to set aside a tenth of all the produce brought forth each year from your fields.
23And you are to eat a tenth of your grain, new wine, and oil, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks, in the presence of the LORD your God at the place He will choose as a dwelling for His Name, so that you may learn to fear the LORD your God always.
24But if the distance is too great for you to carry that with which the LORD your God has blessed you, because the place where the LORD your God will choose to put His Name is too far away,
25then exchange it for money, take the money in your hand, and go to the place the LORD your God will choose.
26Then you may spend the money on anything you desire: cattle, sheep, wine, strong drink, or anything you wish. You are to feast there in the presence of the LORD your God and rejoice with your household.
27And do not neglect the Levite within your gates, since he has no portion or inheritance among you.
28At the end of every three years, bring a tenth of all your produce for that year and lay it up within your gates.
29Then the Levite (because he has no portion or inheritance among you), the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow within your gates may come and eat and be satisfied. And the LORD your God will bless you in all the work of your hands.
1Ye are the children of the LORD your God: ye shall not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead.
2for thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God, and the LORD hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth.
3Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing.
4These are the beasts which ye shall eat: the ox, the sheep, and the goat,
5The hart, and the roebuck, and the fallow deer, and the wild goat, and the pygarg, and the wild ox, and the chamois.
6And every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat.
7Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you.
8And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcase.
9These ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all that have fins and scales shall ye eat:
10And whatsoever hath not fins and scales ye may not eat; it is unclean unto you.
11Of all clean birds ye shall eat.
12But these are they of which ye shall not eat: the eagle, and ossifrage, and the ospray,
13And the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind,
14And every raven after his kind,
15And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,
16The little owl, and the great owl, and the swan,
17And the pelican, and the gier eagle, and the cormorant,
18And the stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.
19And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they shall not be eaten.
20But of all clean fowls ye may eat.
21Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s milk.
22Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed, that the field bringeth forth year by year.
23And thou shalt eat before the LORD thy God, in the place which he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always.
24And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the LORD thy God shall choose to set his name there, when the LORD thy God hath blessed thee:
25Then shalt thou turn it into money, and bind up the money in thine hand, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose:
26And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household,
27And the Levite that is within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee.
28At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates:
29And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, which are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou doest.
1Ye are the children of Jehovah your God: ye shall not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead.
2For thou art a holy people unto Jehovah thy God, and Jehovah hath chosen thee to be a people for his own possession, above all peoples that are upon the face of the earth.
3Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing.
4These are the beasts which ye may eat: the ox, the sheep, and the goat,
5the hart, and the gazelle, and the roebuck, and the wild goat, and the pygarg, and the antelope, and the chamois.
6And every beast that parteth the hoof, and hath the hoof cloven in two, [and] cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that may ye eat.
7Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that have the hoof cloven: the camel, and the hare, and the coney; because they chew the cud but part not the hoof, they are unclean unto you.
8And the swine, because he parteth the hoof but cheweth not the cud, he is unclean unto you: of their flesh ye shall not eat, and their carcasses ye shall not touch.
9These ye may eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales may ye eat;
10and whatsoever hath not fins and scales ye shall not eat; it is unclean unto you.
11Of all clean birds ye may eat.
12But these are they of which ye shall not eat: the eagle, and the gier-eagle, and the ospray,
13and the glede, and the falcon, and the kite after its kind,
14and every raven after its kind,
15and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kind,
16the little owl, and the great owl, and the horned owl,
17and the pelican, and the vulture, and the cormorant,
18and the stork, and the heron after its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.
19And all winged creeping things are unclean unto you: they shall not be eaten.
20Of all clean birds ye may eat.
21Ye shall not eat of anything that dieth of itself: thou mayest give it unto the sojourner that is within thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto a foreigner: for thou art a holy people unto Jehovah thy God. Thou shalt not boil a kid in its mother`s milk.
22Thou shalt surely tithe all the increase of thy seed, that which cometh forth from the field year by year.
23And thou shalt eat before Jehovah thy God, in the place which he shall choose, to cause his name to dwell there, the tithe of thy grain, of thy new wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herd and of thy flock; that thou mayest learn to fear Jehovah thy God always.
24And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it, because the place is too far from thee, which Jehovah thy God shall choose, to set his name there, when Jehovah thy God shall bless thee;
25then shalt thou turn it into money, and bind up the money in thy hand, and shalt go unto the place which Jehovah thy God shall choose:
26and thou shalt bestow the money for whatsoever thy soul desireth, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul asketh of thee; and thou shalt eat there before Jehovah thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou and thy household.
27And the Levite that is within thy gates, thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no portion nor inheritance with thee.
28At the end of every three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase in the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates:
29and the Levite, because he hath no portion nor inheritance with thee, and the sojourner, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that Jehovah thy God may bless thee in all the work of thy hand which thou doest.
1You are children of the Lord your God. Do not cut yourselves or shave your forehead bald for the sake of the dead.
2For you are a people holy to the Lord your God. He has chosen you to be his people, prized above all others on the face of the earth.
3You must not eat any forbidden thing.
4These are the animals you may eat: the ox, the sheep, the goat,
5the ibex, the gazelle, the deer, the wild goat, the antelope, the wild oryx, and the mountain sheep.
6You may eat any animal that has hooves divided into two parts and that chews the cud.
7However, you may not eat the following animals among those that chew the cud or those that have divided hooves: the camel, the hare, and the rock badger. (Although they chew the cud, they do not have divided hooves and are therefore ritually impure to you.)
8Also, the pig is ritually impure to you; though it has divided hooves, it does not chew the cud. You may not eat their meat or even touch their remains.
9These you may eat from among water creatures: anything with fins and scales you may eat,
10but whatever does not have fins and scales you may not eat; it is ritually impure to you.
11All ritually clean birds you may eat.
12These are the ones you may not eat: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture,
13the kite, the black kite, the dayyah after its species,
14every raven after its species,
15the ostrich, the owl, the seagull, the falcon after its species,
16the little owl, the long-eared owl, the white owl,
17the jackdaw, the carrion vulture, the cormorant,
18the stork, the heron after its species, the hoopoe, and the bat.
19And any swarming winged thing is impure to you—they may not be eaten.
20You may eat any winged creature that is clean.
21You may not eat any corpse, though you may give it to the resident foreigner who is living in your villages and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. You are a people holy to the Lord your God. Do not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.
22You must be certain to tithe all the produce of your seed that comes from the field year after year.
23In the presence of the Lord your God, in the place he chooses to locate his name, you must eat from the tithe of your grain, your new wine, your olive oil, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks, so that you may learn to revere the Lord your God always.
24When he blesses you, if the place where he chooses to locate his name is distant,
25you may convert the tithe into money, secure the money, and travel to the place the Lord your God chooses for himself.
26Then you may spend the money however you wish for cattle, sheep, wine, beer, or whatever you desire. You and your household may eat there in the presence of the Lord your God and enjoy it.
27As for the Levites in your villages, you must not ignore them, for they have no allotment or inheritance along with you.
28At the end of every three years you must bring all the tithe of your produce, in that very year, and you must store it up in your villages.
29Then the Levites (because they have no allotment or inheritance with you), the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows of your villages may come and eat their fill so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work you do.
1You are the children of Yahweh your God. You shall not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead.
2For you are a holy people to Yahweh your God, and Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possession, above all peoples who are on the face of the earth.
3You shall not eat any abominable thing.
4These are the animals which you may eat: the ox, the sheep, the goat,
5the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, and the chamois.
6Every animal that parts the hoof, and has the hoof cloven in two and chews the cud, among the animals, that may you eat.
7Nevertheless these you shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of those who have the hoof cloven: the camel, the hare, and the rabbit. Because they chew the cud but don’t part the hoof, they are unclean to you.
8The pig, because it has a split hoof but doesn’t chew the cud, is unclean to you. You shall not eat their meat, and you shall not touch their carcasses.
9These you may eat of all that are in the waters: whatever has fins and scales may you eat.
10You shall not eat whatever doesn’t have fins and scales. It is unclean to you.
11Of all clean birds you may eat.
12But these are they of which you shall not eat: the eagle, the vulture, the osprey,
13the red kite, the falcon, the kite after its kind,
14every raven after its kind,
15the ostrich, the owl, the seagull, the hawk after its kind,
16the little owl, the great owl, the horned owl,
17the pelican, the vulture, the cormorant,
18the stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.
19All winged creeping things are unclean to you. They shall not be eaten.
20Of all clean birds you may eat.
21You shall not eat of anything that dies of itself. You may give it to the foreigner living among you who is within your gates, that he may eat it; or you may sell it to a foreigner; for you are a holy people to Yahweh your God. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.
22You shall surely tithe all the increase of your seed, that which comes out of the field year by year.
23You shall eat before Yahweh your God, in the place which he chooses, to cause his name to dwell there, the tithe of your grain, of your new wine, and of your oil, and the firstborn of your herd and of your flock; that you may learn to fear Yahweh your God always.
24If the way is too long for you, so that you are not able to carry it, because the place is too far from you, which Yahweh your God shall choose, to set his name there, when Yahweh your God shall bless you;
25then you shall turn it into money, and bind up the money in your hand, and shall go to the place which Yahweh your God shall choose.
26You shall trade the money for whatever your soul desires, for cattle, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatever your soul asks of you; and you shall eat there before Yahweh your God, and you shall rejoice, you and your household.
27You shall not forsake the Levite who is within your gates, for he has no portion nor inheritance with you.
28At the end of every three years you shall bring all the tithe of your increase in the same year, and shall store it within your gates.
29The Levite, because he has no portion nor inheritance with you, and the foreigner living among you, and the fatherless, and the widow, who are within your gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that Yahweh your God may bless you in all the work of your hand which you do.
Summary
Moses forbids Israel from practices of pagan mourning rites, since they are a people holy to the LORD and set apart from other nations (vv. 1-2). He then lists which animals, birds, and water creatures may and may not be eaten, distinguishing clean from unclean, and repeats the earlier command against boiling a young goat in its mother's milk (vv. 3-21). The chapter closes with instructions to tithe a tenth of all produce each year, eating it in the LORD's presence, or converting it to money if the distance is too great, and setting aside a special tithe every third year to provide for the Levites, foreigners, orphans, and widows (vv. 22-29).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Moses speaks from the plains of Moab. "Within thy gates" (v.29) — the tithe laws anticipate settled life in walled cities throughout the land.
Places on this map
- Moabwest-central JordanThe plateau east of the Dead Sea, cut off from Israel by the rift valley and from Ammon by the Arnon gorge. High enough to farm grain, which is why Naomi's family went there in a famine. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes that the dietary laws were not primarily about health but about holiness — daily reminders that Israel was set apart. He emphasizes that the tithe was eaten joyfully before God, not merely collected as a religious tax. The third-year tithe reveals God's comprehensive care for those without normal means of support.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Deuteronomy -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Identity Shapes Behavior (vv.1-2) — Moses grounds every command in this chapter on who Israel already is: God's children, a holy people set apart. Do you try to change your behavior first hoping identity will follow, or do you let the truth of who you are in God shape how you live?
- Holiness in Ordinary Details (v.21) — Even a small kitchen practice like boiling a kid in its mother's milk falls under the call to be holy. What small, everyday habits of yours might need to change simply because you belong to God, even if no one else would notice or judge them?
- Giving That Teaches Reverence (v.23) — The tithe existed so Israel would learn to fear the Lord always, not just to fund the sanctuary. Does your giving actually shape your heart toward God, or has it become a habit disconnected from any sense of dependence on Him?
- Feasting, Not Funeral (v.26) — Israel is told to spend tithe money on whatever their soul desires and eat there before the Lord rejoicing. Do you approach giving and worship as joyful celebration, or as a somber duty to get through?
- Worship That Includes the Vulnerable (v.29) — The third-year tithe was set aside specifically for the Levite, the foreigner, the orphan, and the widow. Who in your circle has no one else providing for them, and how might your resources be part of God's answer for them?