Deuteronomy — Chapter 15

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1At the end of every seven years thou shalt make a release.

2And this is the manner of the release: Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it; he shall not exact it of his neighbour, or of his brother; because it is called the LORD’S release.

3Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is thine with thy brother thine hand shall release;

4Save when there shall be no poor among you; for the LORD shall greatly bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it:

5Only if thou carefully hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all these commandments which I command thee this day.

6For the LORD thy God blesseth thee, as he promised thee: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not borrow; and thou shalt reign over many nations, but they shall not reign over thee.

7If there be among you a poor man of one of thy brethren within any of thy gates in thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poor brother:

8But thou shalt open thine hand wide unto him, and shalt surely lend him sufficient for his need, in that which he wanteth.

9Beware that there be not a thought in thy wicked heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand; and thine eye be evil against thy poor brother, and thou givest him nought; and he cry unto the LORD against thee, and it be sin unto thee.

10Thou shalt surely give him, and thine heart shall not be grieved when thou givest unto him: because that for this thing the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thy works, and in all that thou puttest thine hand unto.

11For the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land.

12And if thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee, and serve thee six years; then in the seventh year thou shalt let him go free from thee.

13And when thou sendest him out free from thee, thou shalt not let him go away empty:

14Thou shalt furnish him liberally out of thy flock, and out of thy floor, and out of thy winepress: of that wherewith the LORD thy God hath blessed thee thou shalt give unto him.

15And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee: therefore I command thee this thing to day.

16And it shall be, if he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee; because he loveth thee and thine house, because he is well with thee;

17Then thou shalt take an aul, and thrust it through his ear unto the door, and he shall be thy servant for ever. And also unto thy maidservant thou shalt do likewise.

18It shall not seem hard unto thee, when thou sendest him away free from thee; for he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee, in serving thee six years: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all that thou doest.

19All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work with the firstling of thy bullock, nor shear the firstling of thy sheep.

20Thou shalt eat it before the LORD thy God year by year in the place which the LORD shall choose, thou and thy household.

21And if there be any blemish therein, as if it be lame, or blind, or have any ill blemish, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto the LORD thy God.

22Thou shalt eat it within thy gates: the unclean and the clean person shall eat it alike, as the roebuck, and as the hart.

23Only thou shalt not eat the blood thereof; thou shalt pour it upon the ground as water.

1At the end of every seven years thou shalt make a release.

2And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release that which he hath lent unto his neighbor; he shall not exact it of his neighbor and his brother; because Jehovah`s release hath been proclaimed.

3Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it: but whatsoever of thine is with thy brother thy hand shall release.

4Howbeit there shall be no poor with thee; (for Jehovah will surely bless thee in the land which Jehovah thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it;)

5if only thou diligently hearken unto the voice of Jehovah thy God, to observe to do all this commandment which I command thee this day.

6For Jehovah thy God will bless thee, as he promised thee: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not borrow; and thou shalt rule over many nations, but they shall not rule over thee.

7If there be with thee a poor man, one of thy brethren, within any of thy gates in thy land which Jehovah thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not harden thy heart, nor shut thy hand from thy poor brother;

8but thou shalt surely open thy hand unto him, and shalt surely lend him sufficient for his need [in that] which he wanteth.

9Beware that there be not a base thought in thy heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand; and thine eye be evil against thy poor brother, and thou give him nought; and he cry unto Jehovah against thee, and it be sin unto thee.

10Thou shalt surely give him, and thy heart shall not be grieved when thou givest unto him; because that for this thing Jehovah thy God will bless thee in all thy work, and in all that thou puttest thy hand unto.

11For the poor will never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt surely open thy hand unto thy brother, to thy needy, and to thy poor, in thy land.

12If thy brother, a Hebrew man, or a Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee, and serve thee six years; then in the seventh year thou shalt let him go free from thee.

13And when thou lettest him go free from thee, thou shalt not let him go empty:

14thou shalt furnish him liberally out of thy flock, and out of thy threshing-floor, and out of thy winepress; as Jehovah thy God hath blessed thee thou shalt give unto him.

15And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and Jehovah thy God redeemed thee: therefore I command thee this thing to-day.

16And it shall be, if he say unto thee, I will not go out from thee; because he loveth thee and thy house, because he is well with thee;

17then thou shalt take an awl, and thrust it through his ear unto the door, and he shall be thy servant for ever. And also unto thy maid-servant thou shalt do likewise.

18It shall not seem hard unto thee, when thou lettest him go free from thee; for to the double of the hire of a hireling hath he served thee six years: and Jehovah thy God will bless thee in all that thou doest.

19All the firstling males that are born of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto Jehovah thy God: thou shalt do no work with the firstling of thy herd, nor shear the firstling of thy flock.

20Thou shalt eat it before Jehovah thy God year by year in the place which Jehovah shall choose, thou and thy household.

21And if it have any blemish, [as if it be] lame or blind, any ill blemish whatsoever, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto Jehovah thy God.

22Thou shalt eat it within thy gates: the unclean and the clean [shall eat it] alike, as the gazelle, and as the hart.

23Only thou shalt not eat the blood thereof; thou shalt pour it out upon the ground as water.

1At the end of every seven years you must declare a cancellation of debts.

2This is the nature of the cancellation: Every creditor must remit what he has loaned to another person; he must not force payment from his fellow Israelite, for it is to be recognized as “the Lord’s cancellation of debts.”

3You may exact payment from a foreigner, but whatever your fellow Israelite owes you, you must remit.

4However, there should not be any poor among you, for the Lord will surely bless you in the land that he is giving you as an inheritance,

5if you carefully obey him by keeping all these commandments that I am giving you today.

6For the Lord your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you.

7If a fellow Israelite from one of your villages in the land that the Lord your God is giving you should be poor, you must not harden your heart or be insensitive to his impoverished condition.

8Instead, you must be sure to open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs.

9Be careful lest you entertain the wicked thought that the seventh year, the year of cancellation of debts, has almost arrived, and your attitude be wrong toward your impoverished fellow Israelite and you do not lend him anything; he will cry out to the Lord against you, and you will be regarded as having sinned.

10You must by all means lend to him and not be upset by doing it, for because of this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in everything you attempt.

11There will never cease to be some poor people in the land; therefore, I am commanding you to make sure you open your hand to your fellow Israelites who are needy and poor in your land.

12If your fellow Hebrew—whether male or female—is sold to you and serves you for six years, then in the seventh year you must let that servant go free.

13If you set them free, you must not send them away empty-handed.

14You must supply them generously from your flock, your threshing floor, and your winepress—as the Lord your God has blessed you, you must give to them.

15Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you; therefore, I am commanding you to do this thing today.

16However, if the servant says to you, “I do not want to leave you,” because he loves you and your household, since he is well off with you,

17you shall take an awl and pierce a hole through his ear to the door. Then he will become your servant permanently (this applies to your female servant as well).

18You should not consider it difficult to let him go free, for he will have served you for six years, twice the time of a hired worker; the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do.

19You must set apart for the Lord your God every firstborn male born to your herds and flocks. You must not work the firstborn of your bulls or shear the firstborn of your flocks.

20You and your household must eat them annually before the Lord your God in the place he chooses.

21If one of them has any kind of blemish—lameness, blindness, or anything else—you may not offer it as a sacrifice to the Lord your God.

22You may eat it in your villages, whether you are ritually impure or clean, just as you would eat a gazelle or an ibex.

23However, you must not eat its blood; you must pour it out on the ground like water.

1At the end of every seven years, you shall cancel debts.

2This is the way it shall be done: every creditor shall release that which he has lent to his neighbor. He shall not require payment from his neighbor and his brother; because Yahweh’s release has been proclaimed.

3Of a foreigner you may require it; but whatever of yours is with your brother, your hand shall release.

4However there shall be no poor with you (for Yahweh will surely bless you in the land which Yahweh your God gives you for an inheritance to possess it)

5if only you diligently listen to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all this commandment which I command you today.

6For Yahweh your God will bless you, as he promised you. You will lend to many nations, but you will not borrow. You will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you.

7If a poor man, one of your brothers, is with you within any of your gates in your land which Yahweh your God gives you, you shall not harden your heart, nor shut your hand from your poor brother;

8but you shall surely open your hand to him, and shall surely lend him sufficient for his need, which he lacks.

9Beware that there not be a wicked thought in your heart, saying, “The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand”; and your eye be evil against your poor brother, and you give him nothing; and he cry to Yahweh against you, and it be sin to you.

10You shall surely give, and your heart shall not be grieved when you give to him; because that for this thing Yahweh your God will bless you in all your work, and in all that you put your hand to.

11For the poor will never cease out of the land. Therefore I command you to surely open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor, in your land.

12If your brother, a Hebrew man, or a Hebrew woman, is sold to you, and serves you six years; then in the seventh year you shall let him go free from you.

13When you let him go free from you, you shall not let him go empty.

14You shall furnish him liberally out of your flock, out of your threshing floor, and out of your wine press. As Yahweh your God has blessed you, you shall give to him.

15You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and Yahweh your God redeemed you. Therefore I command you this thing today.

16It shall be, if he tells you, “I will not go out from you,” because he loves you and your house, because he is well with you;

17then you shall take an awl, and thrust it through his ear to the door, and he shall be your servant forever. Also to your female servant you shall do likewise.

18It shall not seem hard to you, when you let him go free from you; for he has been double value of a hired hand as he served you six years. Yahweh your God will bless you in all that you do.

19You shall dedicate all the firstborn males that are born of your herd and of your flock to Yahweh your God. You shall do no work with the firstborn of your herd, nor shear the firstborn of your flock.

20You shall eat it before Yahweh your God year by year in the place which Yahweh shall choose, you and your household.

21If it has any defect, is lame or blind, or has any defect whatever, you shall not sacrifice it to Yahweh your God.

22You shall eat it within your gates. The unclean and the clean shall eat it alike, as the gazelle, and as the deer.

23Only you shall not eat its blood. You shall pour it out on the ground like water.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God commands the release of debts every seven years and generous treatment of the poor — open-handedness, not hard-heartedness, toward brothers in need.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Deuteronomy is the fifth and final book of the Pentateuch, written at the end of the 40 years of wilderness wandering (approximately 1406 BC). Hebrew title: "Devarim" — "Words/Things." Greek title: "Deuteronomion" — "Second Law" (a repetition/expansion of the Law for the new generation). The book consists of Moses' farewell speeches to Israel on the plains of Moab, just before they enter the Promised Land. Moses will not enter with them — these are his final words to the nation he has led for 40 years.
Historical Context: Chapter 15 addresses economic justice within the covenant community through three related laws: (1) the sabbatical year release of debts (vv.1-6), (2) generosity to the poor (vv.7-11), and (3) the release of Hebrew servants in the seventh year (vv.12-18), with a brief section on firstborn animals (vv.19-23). The sabbatical year (every seventh year) was already established in Exodus 23:10-11 for agricultural rest; here Moses extends the principle to debts. Every seven years, debts between Israelites are released — cancelled. This prevented permanent poverty and the accumulation of crushing debt. The law anticipates human selfishness: as the seventh year approaches, lenders might refuse to lend (v.9). Moses calls this "a thought in thy wicked heart" and commands generosity regardless. The servant laws parallel Exodus 21:2-6 but add significant detail: the freed servant must not go empty-handed but be furnished liberally (vv.13-14). The motivation is always the same: "remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee" (v.15). Israel's treatment of the poor and of servants must reflect God's treatment of them. The willing bond-servant (vv.16-17) — who chooses to stay out of love — has his ear pierced to the doorpost, becoming a servant forever. This is a beautiful picture of voluntary, love-motivated service — a type of Christ's willing servanthood (Psalm 40:6-8; Philippians 2:7).
The Year of Release — Debt Cancellation (vv.1-6): "At the end of every seven years thou shalt make a release" (v.1). The manner: "Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it" (v.2). He shall not demand repayment from his brother "because it is called the LORD's release" (v.2). This applies to fellow Israelites; foreigners may still be required to repay (v.3). The ideal: "there shall be no poor among you" (v.4) — conditional on obedience: "Only if thou carefully hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God" (v.5). If Israel obeys fully, God will bless so abundantly that poverty disappears. Promise: "thou shalt lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not borrow; and thou shalt reign over many nations, but they shall not reign over thee" (v.6).
Generosity to the Poor (vv.7-11): "If there be among you a poor man of one of thy brethren... thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poor brother" (v.7). Instead: "thou shalt open thine hand wide unto him, and shalt surely lend him sufficient for his need" (v.8). Warning against calculating selfishness: "Beware that there be not a thought in thy wicked heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand" (v.9) — refusing to lend because the debt will soon be cancelled. If the poor man cries to the LORD, "it be sin unto thee" (v.9). Command: "Thou shalt surely give him, and thine heart shall not be grieved when thou givest" (v.10). Promise: "the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thy works" (v.10). Reality acknowledged: "For the poor shall never cease out of the land" (v.11) — not contradicting v.4 but recognizing that Israel will not perfectly obey. Therefore: "Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy" (v.11).
Release of Hebrew Servants (vv.12-18): "If thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee, and serve thee six years; then in the seventh year thou shalt let him go free" (v.12). Critical addition: "when thou sendest him out free from thee, thou shalt not let him go away empty" (v.13). "Thou shalt furnish him liberally out of thy flock, and out of thy floor, and out of thy winepress" (v.14). Give from what God has blessed you with. Motivation: "thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee" (v.15). You were slaves; God freed you generously. Do the same.
The Willing Bond-Servant (vv.16-17): "If he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee; because he loveth thee and thine house, because he is well with thee" (v.16). The servant chooses to stay — motivated by love, not compulsion. "Then thou shalt take an aul, and thrust it through his ear unto the door, and he shall be thy servant for ever" (v.17). The pierced ear signifies permanent, voluntary devotion. "And also unto thy maidservant thou shalt do likewise" (v.17). The master should not resent freeing servants: "he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee" (v.18) — six years of service at half the cost of hired labor.
Firstborn Animals (vv.19-23): "All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God" (v.19). They must not be worked or sheared — they belong to God. Eaten before the LORD yearly at the chosen place (v.20). If blemished (lame, blind, any defect) — not sacrificed to God but eaten locally as common food (vv.21- 22). "Only thou shalt not eat the blood thereof" (v.23).

Map & Geography

  • Moses speaks from the plains of Moab. These laws regulate future life in the land — release of debts and servants for those settled "within thy gates."

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the tension between v.4 ("there shall be no poor") and
  • v.11 ("the poor shall never cease"). The resolution: v.4 is God's ideal under perfect obedience; v.11 is the reality given Israel's imperfect obedience. He highlights the willing bond-servant as a type of Christ — one who freely chooses permanent service out of love.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "The pierced ear of the bond-servant is a picture of our Lord Jesus Christ. He who was free became a servant — not by compulsion but by love. 'I delight to do thy will, O my God' (Psalm 40:8). He took the form of a servant, was pierced for us, and serves His Father forever. Every believer should say the same: 'I will not go away from thee; because I love thee.' Let our ears be opened to obedience, our hearts fixed in devotion."

Reflection

  • 1. "Thou shalt make a release" (v.1). God builds economic reset into His system. Debt is not meant to be permanent bondage. This challenges both predatory lending and irresponsible borrowing. God's economy prevents the permanent concentration of wealth and the permanent crushing of the poor.
  • 2. "Thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand" (v.7). Heart and hand are connected. A hard heart produces a closed hand. Generosity is first an internal disposition (compassion) before it is an external action (giving). God commands both — feel for the poor AND act for them.
  • 3. "Beware that there be not a thought in thy wicked heart" (v.9). God sees our calculations. The person who refuses to lend because the release year is near has a "wicked heart" — even though it's financially rational. God calls self-protective stinginess what it is: sin.
  • 4. "Remember that thou wast a bondman" (v.15). The motivation for generosity is always memory. You were poor; God enriched you. You were enslaved; God freed you. You were empty; God filled you. Now do the same for others. Forgetting our own redemption produces hardness toward others.
  • 5. "Because he loveth thee" (v.16). The willing bond-servant stays not from duty but from love. This is the picture of Christian service — not grudging obligation but joyful devotion. Christ Himself is the ultimate willing servant: free to leave, choosing to stay, pierced for love (Psalm 40:6-8; Philippians 2:5-8).
  • 6. "The poor shall never cease out of the land" (v.11). This is not an excuse for inaction but a call to perpetual generosity. Because poverty will always exist, the command to open your hand is permanent. There will never be a time when generosity is unnecessary.