Acts — Chapter 18
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1After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth.
2There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome. Paul went to visit them,
3and he stayed and worked with them because they were tentmakers by trade, just as he was.
4Every Sabbath he reasoned in the synagogue, trying to persuade Jews and Greeks alike.
5And when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul devoted himself fully to the word, testifying to the Jews that Jesus is the Christ.
6But when they opposed and insulted him, he shook out his garments and told them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am innocent of it. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.”
7So Paul left the synagogue and went next door to the house of Titus Justus, a worshiper of God.
8Crispus, the synagogue leader, and his whole household believed in the Lord. And many of the Corinthians who heard the message believed and were baptized.
9One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision: “Do not be afraid; keep on speaking; do not be silent.
10For I am with you and no one will lay a hand on you, because I have many people in this city.”
11So Paul stayed for a year and a half, teaching the word of God among the Corinthians.
12While Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews coordinated an attack on Paul and brought him before the judgment seat.
13“This man is persuading the people to worship God in ways contrary to the law,” they said.
14But just as Paul was about to speak, Gallio told the Jews, “If this matter involved a wrongdoing or vicious crime, O Jews, it would be reasonable for me to hear your complaint.
15But since it is a dispute about words and names and your own law, settle it yourselves. I refuse to be a judge of such things.”
16And he drove them away from the judgment seat.
17At this, the crowd seized Sosthenes the synagogue leader and beat him in front of the judgment seat. But none of this was of concern to Gallio.
18Paul remained in Corinth for quite some time before saying goodbye to the brothers. He had his head shaved in Cenchrea to keep a vow he had made, and then he sailed for Syria, accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila.
19When they reached Ephesus, Paul left Priscilla and Aquila. He himself went into the synagogue there and reasoned with the Jews.
20When they asked him to stay for a while longer, he declined.
21But as he left, he said, “I will come back to you if God is willing.” And he set sail from Ephesus.
22When Paul had landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church at Jerusalem. Then he went down to Antioch.
23After Paul had spent some time in Antioch, he traveled from place to place throughout the region of Galatia and Phrygia, strengthening all the disciples.
24Meanwhile a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, came to Ephesus. He was an eloquent man, well versed in the Scriptures.
25He had been instructed in the way of the Lord and was fervent in spirit. He spoke and taught accurately about Jesus, though he knew only the baptism of John.
26And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue. When Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately.
27When Apollos resolved to cross over to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples there to welcome him. On his arrival, he was a great help to those who by grace had believed.
28For he powerfully refuted the Jews in public debate, proving from the Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ.
1After these things Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth;
2And found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla; (because that Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome:) and came unto them.
3And because he was of the same craft, he abode with them, and wrought: for by their occupation they were tentmakers.
4And he reasoned in the synagogue every sabbath, and persuaded the Jews and the Greeks.
5And when Silas and Timotheus were come from Macedonia, Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ.
6And when they opposed themselves, and blasphemed, he shook his raiment, and said unto them, Your blood be upon your own heads; I am clean: from henceforth I will go unto the Gentiles.
7And he departed thence, and entered into a certain man’s house, named Justus, one that worshipped God, whose house joined hard to the synagogue.
8And Crispus, the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, and were baptized.
9Then spake the Lord to Paul in the night by a vision, Be not afraid, but speak, and hold not thy peace:
10For I am with thee, and no man shall set on thee to hurt thee: for I have much people in this city.
11And he continued there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them.
12And when Gallio was the deputy of Achaia, the Jews made insurrection with one accord against Paul, and brought him to the judgment seat,
13Saying, This fellow persuadeth men to worship God contrary to the law.
14And when Paul was now about to open his mouth, Gallio said unto the Jews, If it were a matter of wrong or wicked lewdness, O ye Jews, reason would that I should bear with you:
15But if it be a question of words and names, and of your law, look ye to it; for I will be no judge of such matters.
16And he drave them from the judgment seat.
17Then all the Greeks took Sosthenes, the chief ruler of the synagogue, and beat him before the judgment seat. And Gallio cared for none of those things.
18And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while, and then took his leave of the brethren, and sailed thence into Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila; having shorn his head in Cenchrea: for he had a vow.
19And he came to Ephesus, and left them there: but he himself entered into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews.
20When they desired him to tarry longer time with them, he consented not;
21But bade them farewell, saying, I must by all means keep this feast that cometh in Jerusalem: but I will return again unto you, if God will. And he sailed from Ephesus.
22And when he had landed at Caesarea, and gone up, and saluted the church, he went down to Antioch.
23And after he had spent some time there, he departed, and went over all the country of Galatia and Phrygia in order, strengthening all the disciples.
24And a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man, and mighty in the scriptures, came to Ephesus.
25This man was instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in the spirit, he spake and taught diligently the things of the Lord, knowing only the baptism of John.
26And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue: whom when Aquila and Priscilla had heard, they took him unto them, and expounded unto him the way of God more perfectly.
27And when he was disposed to pass into Achaia, the brethren wrote, exhorting the disciples to receive him: who, when he was come, helped them much which had believed through grace:
28For he mightily convinced the Jews, and that publickly, shewing by the scriptures that Jesus was Christ.
1After these things he departed from Athens, and came to Corinth.
2And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome: and he came unto them;
3and because he was of the same trade, he abode with them, and they wrought, for by their trade they were tentmakers.
4And he reasoned in the synagogue every sabbath, and persuaded Jews and Greeks.
5But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul was constrained by the word, testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.
6And when they opposed themselves and blasphemed, he shook out his raiment and said unto them, Your blood [be] upon your own heads; I am clean: from henceforth I will go unto the Gentiles.
7And he departed thence, and went into the house of a certain man named Titus Justus, one that worshipped God, whose house joined hard to the synagogue.
8And Crispus, the ruler of the synagogue, believed in the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, and were baptized.
9And the Lord said unto Paul in the night by a vision, Be not afraid, but speak and hold not thy peace:
10for I am with thee, and no man shall set on thee to harm thee: for I have much people in this city.
11And he dwelt [there] a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them.
12But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews with one accord rose up against Paul and brought him before the judgment-seat,
13saying, This man persuadeth men to worship God contrary to the law.
14But when Paul was about to open his mouth, Gallio said unto the Jews, If indeed it were a matter of wrong or of wicked villany, O ye Jews, reason would that I should bear with you:
15but if they are questions about words and names and your own law, look to it yourselves; I am not minded to be a judge of these matters.
16And he drove them from the judgment-seat.
17And they all laid hold on Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him before the judgment-seat. And Gallio cared for none of these things.
18And Paul, having tarried after this yet many days, took his leave of the brethren, and sailed thence for Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila: having shorn his head in Cenchreae; for he had a vow.
19And they came to Ephesus, and he left them there: but he himself entered into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews.
20And when they asked him to abide a longer time, he consented not;
21but taking his leave of them, and saying, I will return again unto you if God will, he set sail from Ephesus.
22And when he had landed at Caesarea, he went up and saluted the church, and went down to Antioch.
23And having spent some time [there], he departed, and went through the region of Galatia, and Phrygia, in order, establishing all the disciples.
24Now a certain Jew named Apollos, an Alexandrian by race, an eloquent man, came to Ephesus; and he was mighty in the scriptures.
25This man had been instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in spirit, he spake and taught accurately the things concerning Jesus, knowing only the baptism of John:
26and he began to speak boldly in the synagogue. But when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him unto them, and expounded unto him the way of God more accurately.
27And when he was minded to pass over into Achaia, the brethren encouraged him, and wrote to the disciples to receive him: and when he was come, he helped them much that had believed through grace;
28for he powerfully confuted the Jews, [and that] publicly, showing by the scriptures that Jesus was the Christ.
1After this Paul departed from Athens and went to Corinth.
2There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to depart from Rome. Paul approached them,
3and because he worked at the same trade, he stayed with them and worked with them (for they were tentmakers by trade).
4He addressed both Jews and Greeks in the synagogue every Sabbath, attempting to persuade them.
5Now when Silas and Timothy arrived from Macedonia, Paul became wholly absorbed with proclaiming the word, testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.
6When they opposed him and reviled him, he protested by shaking out his clothes and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am guiltless! From now on I will go to the Gentiles!”
7Then Paul left the synagogue and went to the house of a person named Titius Justus, a Gentile who worshiped God, whose house was next door to the synagogue.
8Crispus, the president of the synagogue, believed in the Lord together with his entire household, and many of the Corinthians who heard about it believed and were baptized.
9The Lord said to Paul by a vision in the night, “Do not be afraid, but speak and do not be silent
10because I am with you, and no one will assault you to harm you because I have many people in this city.”
11So he stayed there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them.
12Now while Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews attacked Paul together and brought him before the judgment seat,
13saying, “This man is persuading people to worship God in a way contrary to the law!”
14But just as Paul was about to speak, Gallio said to the Jews, “If it were a matter of some crime or serious piece of villainy, I would have been justified in accepting the complaint of you Jews,
15but since it concerns points of disagreement about words and names and your own law, settle it yourselves. I will not be a judge of these things!”
16Then he had them forced away from the judgment seat.
17So they all seized Sosthenes, the president of the synagogue, and began to beat him in front of the judgment seat. Yet none of these things were of any concern to Gallio.
18Paul, after staying many more days in Corinth, said farewell to the brothers and sailed away to Syria accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila. He had his hair cut off at Cenchrea because he had made a vow.
19When they reached Ephesus, Paul left Priscilla and Aquila behind there, but he himself went into the synagogue and addressed the Jews.
20When they asked him to stay longer, he would not consent,
21but said farewell to them and added, “I will come back to you again if God wills.” Then he set sail from Ephesus,
22and when he arrived at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church at Jerusalem and then went down to Antioch.
23After he spent some time there, Paul left and went through the region of Galatia and Phrygia, strengthening all the disciples.
24Now a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, arrived in Ephesus. He was an eloquent speaker, well-versed in the scriptures.
25He had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and with great enthusiasm he spoke and taught accurately the facts about Jesus, although he knew only the baptism of John.
26He began to speak out fearlessly in the synagogue, but when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained the way of God to him more accurately.
27When Apollos wanted to cross over to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples to welcome him. When he arrived, he assisted greatly those who had believed by grace,
28for he refuted the Jews vigorously in public debate, demonstrating from the scriptures that the Christ was Jesus.
1After these things Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth.
2He found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, who had recently come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome. He came to them,
3and because he practiced the same trade, he lived with them and worked, for by trade they were tent makers.
4He reasoned in the synagogue every Sabbath, and persuaded Jews and Greeks.
5But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul was compelled by the Spirit, testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.
6When they opposed him and blasphemed, he shook out his clothing and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am clean. From now on, I will go to the Gentiles!”
7He departed there, and went into the house of a certain man named Justus, one who worshiped God, whose house was next door to the synagogue.
8Crispus, the ruler of the synagogue, believed in the Lord with all his house. Many of the Corinthians, when they heard, believed and were baptized.
9The Lord said to Paul in the night by a vision, “Don’t be afraid, but speak and don’t be silent;
10for I am with you, and no one will attack you to harm you, for I have many people in this city.”
11He lived there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them.
12But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews with one accord rose up against Paul and brought him before the judgment seat,
13saying, “This man persuades men to worship God contrary to the law.”
14But when Paul was about to open his mouth, Gallio said to the Jews, “If indeed it were a matter of wrong or of wicked crime, you Jews, it would be reasonable that I should bear with you;
15but if they are questions about words and names and your own law, look to it yourselves. For I don’t want to be a judge of these matters.”
16So he drove them from the judgment seat.
17Then all the Greeks laid hold on Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him before the judgment seat. Gallio didn’t care about any of these things.
18Paul, having stayed after this many more days, took his leave of the brothers, and sailed from there for Syria, together with Priscilla and Aquila. He shaved his head in Cenchreae, for he had a vow.
19He came to Ephesus, and he left them there; but he himself entered into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews.
20When they asked him to stay with them a longer time, he declined;
21but taking his leave of them, he said, “I must by all means keep this coming feast in Jerusalem, but I will return again to you if God wills.” Then he set sail from Ephesus.
22When he had landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the assembly, and went down to Antioch.
23Having spent some time there, he departed, and went through the region of Galatia, and Phrygia, in order, establishing all the disciples.
24Now a certain Jew named Apollos, an Alexandrian by race, an eloquent man, came to Ephesus. He was mighty in the Scriptures.
25This man had been instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in spirit, he spoke and taught accurately the things concerning Jesus, although he knew only the baptism of John.
26He began to speak boldly in the synagogue. But when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside, and explained to him the way of God more accurately.
27When he had determined to pass over into Achaia, the brothers encouraged him, and wrote to the disciples to receive him. When he had come, he greatly helped those who had believed through grace;
28for he powerfully refuted the Jews, publicly showing by the Scriptures that Jesus was the Christ.
Summary
Paul arrives in Corinth and partners with Aquila and Priscilla, fellow tentmakers recently expelled from Rome, reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath (vv. 1-4). When Silas and Timothy arrive, Paul devotes himself fully to preaching that Jesus is the Messiah, and after the Jews reject him he turns to the Gentiles, though the synagogue leader Crispus and his household still believe (vv. 5-8). The Lord encourages Paul in a night vision, telling him not to be afraid because he has many people in that city, and Paul stays eighteen months teaching there (vv. 9-11). When the Jews bring Paul before the proconsul Gallio, Gallio dismisses the charge as a matter of Jewish law and refuses to judge it (vv. 12-17). Paul then sails for Syria, briefly stopping in Ephesus, and eventually returns to Antioch before revisiting the churches of Galatia and Phrygia (vv. 18-23). Meanwhile Apollos, an eloquent Alexandrian Jew who knows only the baptism of John, comes to Ephesus; Priscilla and Aquila explain the way of God to him more accurately, and he goes on to powerfully refute the Jews in Achaia, proving from Scripture that Jesus is the Messiah (vv. 24-28).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Corinth (v.1): A major port city in southern Greece, connecting the Adriatic and Aegean seas. Known for commerce and immorality. Paul stayed 18 months here.
- Cenchrea (v.18): The eastern port of Corinth, where Paul cut his hair (a vow) before sailing to Ephesus.
- Ephesus (v.19): A major city on the west coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Paul briefly visited, then returned for a longer stay in chapter 19.
- Antioch (v.22): Paul returned to Antioch in Syria (his sending church) between his second and third missionary journeys.
Places on this map
- CorinthAncient Corinth, GreeceOn the four-mile isthmus joining the Peloponnese to mainland Greece, with a harbour on each side. Cargo was hauled overland between them to avoid the dangerous voyage round the cape, so the city was rich, transient and famously loose. Wikipedia
- Ephesusnear Selcuk, TurkeyThe largest port of Roman Asia, at the mouth of the Cayster on the west coast of Asia Minor, and home to the temple of Artemis. Its harbour silted up and the ruins now sit several miles inland, which is why a great seaport has no sea. Wikipedia
- AntiochAntakya, TurkeyOn the Orontes about 300 miles north of Jerusalem, with a port at the river mouth, the third city of the Roman empire. Disciples were first called Christians here, and it was the base every one of Paul's journeys started from. Wikipedia
- Achaiasouthern GreeceThe Roman province covering southern Greece, governed from Corinth. Long past political power and still the cultural reference point of the eastern empire. Wikipedia
- CenchreaeKechries, GreeceCorinth's eastern harbour on the Saronic Gulf, six miles from the city, with a church of its own and Phoebe as its deacon. Wikipedia
- Asia MinorTurkeyThe peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, a high dry plateau ringed by mountains with the Greek cities on its western coast. Roman Asia, the province Paul worked from Ephesus, was only its western end. Wikipedia
- AramSyriaThe Syrian interior north-east of Israel, a set of city-states rather than one kingdom, with Damascus the strongest. Aramaic, its language, became the everyday speech of the whole region including Judea. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Paul's tentmaking ministry, God's vision of encouragement, the Gallio incident, and Apollos' discipleship.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Acts -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Faith Woven Into Daily Work (v.3) — Paul supports himself as a tentmaker with Aquila and Priscilla while he plants the Corinthian church, rather than waiting for full-time ministry support. How do you see your own daily work as a platform for ministry rather than something separate from it?
- Courage to Keep Speaking (vv.9-10) — In a vision, the Lord tells Paul not to be afraid but to keep speaking, because He has many people in that city who haven't believed yet. Where are you holding back from speaking because the response seems unlikely or hostile?
- Committing to the Long Haul (v.11) — Paul stays in Corinth for eighteen months, one of his longest stretches anywhere, rather than moving on after a quick visit. Where has God planted you for the long term, and are you willing to stay committed there?
- God's Sovereignty Over Indifferent Authorities (v.15) — Gallio dismisses the case against Paul as a matter of Jewish law rather than Roman concern, unintentionally protecting the young church. How does trusting God's sovereignty over circumstances you can't control change your anxiety about them?
- Passion and Knowledge Both Matter (vv.24-25) — Apollos is described as mighty in the Scriptures and fervent in spirit, yet still had incomplete understanding. Do you tend toward passion without depth, or knowledge without fire, and how could you grow in the other?
- Correcting With Grace, Not Public Shame (v.26) — Priscilla and Aquila take Apollos aside privately to explain the way of God more fully rather than correcting him in public. How do you handle it when someone you respect holds an incomplete or mistaken view — with grace, or with superiority?