Acts — Chapter 25
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1Three days after his arrival in the province, Festus went up from Caesarea to Jerusalem,
2where the chief priests and Jewish leaders presented their case against Paul. They urged Festus
3to grant them a concession against Paul by summoning him to Jerusalem, because they were preparing an ambush to kill him along the way.
4But Festus replied, “Paul is being held in Caesarea, and I myself am going there soon.
5So if this man has done anything wrong, let some of your leaders come down with me and accuse him there.”
6After spending no more than eight or ten days with them, Festus went down to Caesarea. The next day he sat on the judgment seat and ordered that Paul be brought in.
7When Paul arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many serious charges that they could not prove.
8Then Paul made his defense: “I have committed no offense against the law of the Jews or against the temple or against Caesar.”
9But Festus, wishing to do the Jews a favor, said to Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem to stand trial before me on these charges?”
10Paul replied, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where I ought to be tried. I have done nothing wrong to the Jews, as you yourself know very well.
11If, however, I am guilty of anything worthy of death, I do not refuse to die. But if there is no truth to their accusations against me, no one has the right to hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!”
12Then Festus conferred with his council and replied, “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go!”
13After several days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice came down to Caesarea to pay their respects to Festus.
14Since they were staying several days, Festus laid out Paul’s case before the king: “There is a certain man whom Felix left in prison.
15While I was in Jerusalem, the chief priests and elders of the Jews presented their case and requested a judgment against him.
16I told them that it is not the Roman custom to hand a man over before he has had an opportunity to face his accusers and defend himself against their charges.
17So when they came here with me, I did not delay. The next day I sat on the judgment seat and ordered that the man be brought in.
18But when his accusers rose to speak, they did not charge him with any of the crimes I had expected.
19They only had some contentions with him regarding their own religion and a certain Jesus who had died, but whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
20Since I was at a loss as to how to investigate these matters, I asked if he was willing to go to Jerusalem and be tried there on these charges.
21But when Paul appealed to be held over for the decision of the Emperor, I ordered that he be held until I could send him to Caesar.”
22Then Agrippa said to Festus, “I would like to hear this man myself.” “Tomorrow you will hear him,” Festus declared.
23The next day Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp and entered the auditorium, along with the commanders and leading men of the city. And Festus ordered that Paul be brought in.
24Then Festus said, “King Agrippa and all who are present with us, you see this man. The whole Jewish community has petitioned me about him, both here and in Jerusalem, crying out that he ought not to live any longer.
25But I found he had done nothing worthy of death, and since he has now appealed to the Emperor, I decided to send him.
26I have nothing definite to write to our sovereign about him. Therefore I have brought him before all of you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that after this inquiry I may have something to write.
27For it seems unreasonable to me to send on a prisoner without specifying the charges against him.”
1Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Caesarea to Jerusalem.
2Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul, and besought him,
3And desired favour against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.
4But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Caesarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither.
5Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him.
6And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Caesarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat commanded Paul to be brought.
7And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.
8While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I offended any thing at all.
9But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?
10Then said Paul, I stand at Caesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest.
11For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.
12Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go.
13And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Caesarea to salute Festus.
14And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul’s cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix:
15About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.
16To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.
17Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth.
18Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed:
19But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
20And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters.
21But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar.
22Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him.
23And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus’ commandment Paul was brought forth.
24And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.
25But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him.
26Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write.
27For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.
1Festus therefore, having come into the province, after three days went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea.
2And the chief priests and the principal men of the Jews informed him against Paul; and they besought him,
3asking a favor against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem; laying a plot to kill him on the way.
4Howbeit Festus answered, that Paul was kept in charge at Caesarea, and that he himself was about to depart [thither] shortly.
5Let them therefore, saith he, that are of power among you go down with me, and if there is anything amiss in the man, let them accuse him.
6And when he had tarried among them not more than eight or ten days, he went down unto Caesarea; and on the morrow he sat on the judgment-seat, and commanded Paul to be brought.
7And when he was come, the Jews that had come down from Jerusalem stood round about him, bringing against him many and grievous charges which they could not prove;
8while Paul said in his defense, Neither against the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor against Caesar, have I sinned at all.
9But Festus, desiring to gain favor with the Jews, answered Paul and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?
10But Paul said, I am standing before Caesar`s judgment-seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou also very well knowest.
11If then I am a wrong-doer, and have committed anything worthy of death, I refuse not to die; but if none of those things is [true] whereof these accuse me, no man can give me up unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.
12Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Thou hast appealed unto Caesar: unto Caesar shalt thou go.
13Now when certain days were passed, Agrippa the King and Bernice arrived at Caesarea, and saluted Festus.
14And as they tarried there many days, Festus laid Paul`s case before the King, saying, There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix;
15about whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed [me], asking for sentence against him.
16To whom I answered, that it is not the custom of the Romans to give up any man, before that the accused have the accusers face to face, and have had opportunity to make his defense concerning the matter laid against him.
17When therefore they were come together here, I made no delay, but on the next day sat on the judgment-seat, and commanded the man to be brought.
18Concerning whom, when the accusers stood up, they brought no charge of such evil things as I supposed;
19but had certain questions against him of their own religion, and of one Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
20And I, being perplexed how to inquire concerning these things, asked whether he would go to Jerusalem and there be judged of these matters.
21But when Paul had appealed to be kept for the decision of the emperor, I commanded him to be kept till I should send him to Caesar.
22And Agrippa [said] unto Festus, I also could wish to hear the man myself. To-morrow, saith he, thou shalt hear him.
23So on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and they were entered into the place of hearing with the chief captains and principal men of the city, at the command of Festus Paul was brought in.
24And Festus saith, King Agrippa, and all men who are here present with us, ye behold this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews made suit to me, both at Jerusalem and here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.
25But I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death: and as he himself appealed to the emperor I determined to send him.
26Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I may have somewhat to write.
27For it seemeth to me unreasonable, in sending a prisoner, not withal to signify the charges against him.
1Now three days after Festus arrived in the province, he went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea.
2So the chief priests and the most prominent men of the Jews brought formal charges against Paul to him.
3Requesting him to do them a favor against Paul, they urged Festus to summon him to Jerusalem, planning an ambush to kill him along the way.
4Then Festus replied that Paul was being kept at Caesarea, and he himself intended to go there shortly.
5“So,” he said, “let your leaders go down there with me, and if this man has done anything wrong, they may bring charges against him.”
6After Festus had stayed not more than eight or ten days among them, he went down to Caesarea, and the next day he sat on the judgment seat and ordered Paul to be brought.
7When he arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many serious charges that they were not able to prove.
8Paul said in his defense, “I have committed no offense against the Jewish law or against the temple or against Caesar.”
9But Festus, wanting to do the Jews a favor, asked Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and be tried before me there on these charges?”
10Paul replied, “I am standing before Caesar’s judgment seat, where I should be tried. I have done nothing wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well.
11If then I am in the wrong and have done anything that deserves death, I am not trying to escape dying, but if not one of their charges against me is true, no one can hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!”
12Then, after conferring with his council, Festus replied, “You have appealed to Caesar; to Caesar you will go!”
13After several days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea to pay their respects to Festus.
14While they were staying there many days, Festus explained Paul’s case to the king to get his opinion, saying, “There is a man left here as a prisoner by Felix.
15When I was in Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me about him, asking for a sentence of condemnation against him.
16I answered them that it was not the custom of the Romans to hand over anyone before the accused had met his accusers face-to-face and had been given an opportunity to make a defense against the accusation.
17So after they came back here with me, I did not postpone the case, but the next day I sat on the judgment seat and ordered the man to be brought.
18When his accusers stood up, they did not charge him with any of the evil deeds I had suspected.
19Rather they had several points of disagreement with him about their own religion and about a man named Jesus who was dead, whom Paul claimed to be alive.
20Because I was at a loss how I could investigate these matters, I asked if he were willing to go to Jerusalem and be tried there on these charges.
21But when Paul appealed to be kept in custody for the decision of His Majesty the Emperor, I ordered him to be kept under guard until I could send him to Caesar.”
22Agrippa said to Festus, “I would also like to hear the man myself.” “Tomorrow,” he replied, “you will hear him.”
23So the next day Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp and entered the audience hall, along with the senior military officers and the prominent men of the city. When Festus gave the order, Paul was brought in.
24Then Festus said, “King Agrippa, and all you who are present here with us, you see this man about whom the entire Jewish populace petitioned me both in Jerusalem and here, shouting loudly that he ought not to live any longer.
25But I found that he had done nothing that deserved death, and when he appealed to His Majesty the Emperor, I decided to send him.
26But I have nothing definite to write to my lord about him. Therefore I have brought him before you all, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that after this preliminary hearing I may have something to write.
27For it seems unreasonable to me to send a prisoner without clearly indicating the charges against him.”
1Festus therefore, having come into the province, after three days went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea.
2Then the high priest and the principal men of the Jews informed him against Paul, and they begged him,
3asking a favor against him, that he would summon him to Jerusalem; plotting to kill him on the way.
4However Festus answered that Paul should be kept in custody at Caesarea, and that he himself was about to depart shortly.
5“Let them therefore”, said he, “that are in power among you go down with me, and if there is anything wrong in the man, let them accuse him.”
6When he had stayed among them more than ten days, he went down to Caesarea, and on the next day he sat on the judgment seat, and commanded Paul to be brought.
7When he had come, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing against him many and grievous charges which they could not prove,
8while he said in his defense, “Neither against the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor against Caesar, have I sinned at all.”
9But Festus, desiring to gain favor with the Jews, answered Paul and said, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem, and be judged by me there concerning these things?”
10But Paul said, “I am standing before Caesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be tried. I have done no wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well.
11For if I have done wrong, and have committed anything worthy of death, I don’t refuse to die; but if none of those things is true that they accuse me of, no one can give me up to them. I appeal to Caesar!”
12Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you shall go.”
13Now when some days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea, and greeted Festus.
14As he stayed there many days, Festus laid Paul’s case before the king, saying, “There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix;
15about whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, asking for a sentence against him.
16To whom I answered that it is not the custom of the Romans to give up any man to destruction, before the accused has met the accusers face to face, and has had opportunity to make his defense concerning the matter laid against him.
17When therefore they had come together here, I didn’t delay, but on the next day sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought.
18Concerning whom, when the accusers stood up, they brought no charge of such things as I supposed;
19but had certain questions against him about their own religion, and about one Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
20Being perplexed how to inquire concerning these things, I asked whether he was willing to go to Jerusalem and there be judged concerning these matters.
21But when Paul had appealed to be kept for the decision of the emperor, I commanded him to be kept until I could send him to Caesar.”
22Agrippa said to Festus, “I also would like to hear the man myself.” “Tomorrow,” he said, “you shall hear him.”
23So on the next day, when Agrippa and Bernice had come with great pomp, and they had entered into the place of hearing with the commanding officers and the principal men of the city, at the command of Festus, Paul was brought in.
24Festus said, “King Agrippa, and all men who are here present with us, you see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews petitioned me, both at Jerusalem and here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.
25But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and as he himself appealed to the emperor I determined to send him,
26of whom I have no certain thing to write to my lord. Therefore I have brought him out before you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, that, after examination, I may have something to write.
27For it seems to me unreasonable, in sending a prisoner, not to also specify the charges against him.”
Summary
Festus succeeds Felix and travels to Jerusalem, where the chief priests renew their accusations against Paul and ask that he be transferred there, secretly planning to ambush and kill him along the way (vv. 1-3). Festus instead invites the accusers to come to Caesarea, and when the case is heard he asks Paul whether he is willing to stand trial in Jerusalem (vv. 4-9). Paul refuses, insisting he is standing before Caesar's own tribunal, has wronged no one, and formally appeals to Caesar, which Festus grants (vv. 10-12). When King Agrippa and Bernice arrive to pay their respects, Festus lays out Paul's case, admitting he found no charge deserving death and is unsure what to write to the emperor, since Paul's accusers only disputed points about their own religion and someone named Jesus who Paul claims is alive (vv. 13-21). Agrippa asks to hear Paul himself, and the next day, amid great pomp, Paul is brought in so Festus can gather material for his report to Caesar (vv. 22-27).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Caesarea (v.1): Festus arrived as the new governor in Caesarea. The Jewish leaders came from Jerusalem to bring charges against Paul.
- Rome (v.11): Paul appealed to Caesar — the supreme court of the Roman Empire. This appeal would send him to Rome, fulfilling God's promise (Acts 23:11).
Places on this map
- CaesareaCaesarea, IsraelHerod built an artificial deep-water harbour on an open coast that had none, and it became the Roman administrative capital of Judea. Paul was held here two years and sailed for Rome from it; it is also where the gospel first went to a Gentile household. Wikipedia
- JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
- RomeRome, ItalyFifteen miles up the Tiber from its port at Ostia, about 1,400 miles from Jerusalem by sea and road. Reaching it is the destination Acts is aimed at from chapter one, because from Rome the roads ran everywhere else. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Festus' handling of Paul's case, the appeal to Caesar, and the introduction of Agrippa.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Acts -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Discerning the Trap Behind the Offer (v.9) — Festus proposes moving Paul's trial to Jerusalem to please the Jewish leaders, unaware or unconcerned that an ambush awaits there. How do you discern when an appealing suggestion is actually a setup, and where do you find the courage to decline it?
- Using Every Legitimate Tool for God's Purpose (v.11) — Paul invokes his right as a Roman citizen to appeal to Caesar, a legal move that carries him irrevocably toward Rome exactly as the Lord had promised. What legitimate rights, skills, or standing do you have that could be used more deliberately for God's purposes?
- The Question Everything Hinges On (v.19) — Festus sums up the whole dispute as being about one Jesus, who died, whom Paul insists is alive. Every other question in life is secondary to this one — do you actually believe Jesus is alive, and does your life show it?
- Declared Innocent, Still in Chains (v.25) — Festus finds nothing in Paul deserving death, yet Paul stays imprisoned because releasing him would cost Festus politically. How do you keep trusting God's justice when the system around you fails to deliver it?