Acts — Chapter 10

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1At Caesarea there was a man named Cornelius, a centurion in what was called the Italian Regiment.

2He and all his household were devout and God-fearing. He gave generously to the people and prayed to God regularly.

3One day at about the ninth hour, he had a clear vision of an angel of God who came to him and said, “Cornelius!”

4Cornelius stared at him in fear and asked, “What is it, Lord?” The angel answered, “Your prayers and gifts to the poor have ascended as a memorial offering before God.

5Now send men to Joppa to call for a man named Simon who is called Peter.

6He is staying with Simon the tanner, whose house is by the sea.”

7When the angel who spoke to him had gone, Cornelius called two of his servants and a devout soldier from among his attendants.

8He explained what had happened and sent them to Joppa.

9The next day at about the sixth hour, as the men were approaching the city on their journey, Peter went up on the roof to pray.

10He became hungry and wanted something to eat, but while the meal was being prepared, he fell into a trance.

11He saw heaven open and something like a large sheet being let down to earth by its four corners.

12It contained all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth, as well as birds of the air.

13Then a voice said to him: “Get up, Peter, kill and eat!”

14“No, Lord!” Peter answered. “I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.”

15The voice spoke to him a second time: “Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.”

16This happened three times, and all at once the sheet was taken back up into heaven.

17While Peter was puzzling over the meaning of the vision, the men sent by Cornelius found Simon’s house and approached the gate.

18They called out to ask if Simon called Peter was staying there.

19As Peter continued to reflect on the vision, the Spirit said to him, “Behold, three men are looking for you.

20So get up! Go downstairs and accompany them without hesitation, because I have sent them.”

21So Peter went down to the men and said, “Here am I, the one you are looking for. Why have you come?”

22“Cornelius the centurion has sent us,” they said. “He is a righteous and God-fearing man with a good reputation among the whole Jewish nation. A holy angel instructed him to request your presence in his home so he could hear a message from you.”

23So Peter invited them in as his guests. And the next day he got ready and went with them, accompanied by some of the brothers from Joppa.

24The following day he arrived in Caesarea, where Cornelius was expecting them and had called together his relatives and close friends.

25As Peter was about to enter, Cornelius met him and fell at his feet to worship him.

26But Peter helped him up. “Stand up,” he said, “I am only a man myself.”

27As Peter talked with him, he went inside and found many people gathered together.

28He said to them, “You know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with a foreigner or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.

29So when I was invited, I came without objection. I ask, then, why have you sent for me?”

30Cornelius answered: “Four days ago I was in my house praying at this, the ninth hour. Suddenly a man in radiant clothing stood before me

31and said, ‘Cornelius, your prayer has been heard, and your gifts to the poor have been remembered before God.

32Therefore send to Joppa for Simon, who is called Peter. He is a guest in the home of Simon the tanner, by the sea.’

33So I sent for you immediately, and you were kind enough to come. Now then, we are all here in the presence of God to listen to everything the Lord has instructed you to tell us.”

34Then Peter began to speak: “I now truly understand that God does not show favoritism,

35but welcomes those from every nation who fear Him and do what is right.

36He has sent this message to the people of Israel, proclaiming the gospel of peace through Jesus Christ, who is Lord of all.

37You yourselves know what has happened throughout Judea, beginning in Galilee with the baptism that John proclaimed:

38how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how Jesus went around doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with Him.

39We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a tree,

40God raised Him up on the third day and caused Him to be seen—

41not by all the people, but by the witnesses God had chosen beforehand, by us who ate and drank with Him after He rose from the dead.

42And He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that He is the One appointed by God to judge the living and the dead.

43All the prophets testify about Him that everyone who believes in Him receives forgiveness of sins through His name.”

44While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all who heard his message.

45All the circumcised believers who had accompanied Peter were astounded that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles.

46For they heard them speaking in tongues and exalting God. Then Peter said,

47“Can anyone withhold the water to baptize these people? They have received the Holy Spirit just as we have!”

48So he ordered that they be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay for a few days.

1There was a certain man in Caesarea called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band,

2A devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, which gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway.

3He saw in a vision evidently about the ninth hour of the day an angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius.

4And when he looked on him, he was afraid, and said, What is it, Lord? And he said unto him, Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God.

5And now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose surname is Peter:

6He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by the sea side: he shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do.

7And when the angel which spake unto Cornelius was departed, he called two of his household servants, and a devout soldier of them that waited on him continually;

8And when he had declared all these things unto them, he sent them to Joppa.

9On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour:

10And he became very hungry, and would have eaten: but while they made ready, he fell into a trance,

11And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth:

12Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air.

13And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill, and eat.

14But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean.

15And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.

16This was done thrice: and the vessel was received up again into heaven.

17Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision which he had seen should mean, behold, the men which were sent from Cornelius had made enquiry for Simon’s house, and stood before the gate,

18And called, and asked whether Simon, which was surnamed Peter, were lodged there.

19While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee.

20Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them.

21Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come?

22And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee.

23Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him.

24And the morrow after they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius waited for them, and had called together his kinsmen and near friends.

25And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him.

26But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man.

27And as he talked with him, he went in, and found many that were come together.

28And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.

29Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me?

30And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,

31And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God.

32Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon, whose surname is Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a tanner by the sea side: who, when he cometh, shall speak unto thee.

33Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God.

34Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons:

35But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.

36The word which God sent unto the children of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord of all:)

37That word, I say, ye know, which was published throughout all Judaea, and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;

38How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.

39And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree:

40Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly;

41Not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before of God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead.

42And he commanded us to preach unto the people, and to testify that it is he which was ordained of God to be the Judge of quick and dead.

43To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.

44While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.

45And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.

46For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter,

47Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?

48And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days.

1Now [there was] a certain man in Caesarea, Cornelius by name, a centurion of the band called the Italian [band],

2a devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, who gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God always.

3He saw in a vision openly, as it were about the ninth hour of the day, an angel of God coming in unto him, and saying to him, Cornelius.

4And he, fastening his eyes upon him, and being affrighted, said, What is it, Lord? And he said unto him, Thy prayers and thine alms are gone up for a memorial before God.

5And now send men to Joppa, and fetch one Simon, who is surnamed Peter:

6he lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by the sea side.

7And when the angel that spake unto him was departed, he called two of his household-servants, and a devout soldier of them that waited on him continually;

8and having rehearsed all things unto them, he sent them to Joppa.

9Now on the morrow, as they were on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray, about the sixth hour:

10and he became hungry, and desired to eat: but while they made ready, he fell into a trance;

11and he beholdeth the heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending, as it were a great sheet, let down by four corners upon the earth:

12wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts and creeping things of the earth and birds of the heaven.

13And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill and eat.

14But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common and unclean.

15And a voice [came] unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, make not thou common.

16And this was done thrice: and straightway the vessel was received up into heaven.

17Now while Peter was much perplexed in himself what the vision which he had seen might mean, behold, the men that were sent by Cornelius, having made inquiry for Simon`s house, stood before the gate,

18and called and asked whether Simon, who was surnamed Peter, were lodging there.

19And while Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee.

20But arise, and get thee down, and go with them, nothing doubting: for I have sent them.

21And Peter went down to the men, and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come?

22And they said, Cornelius a centurion, a righteous man and one that feareth God, and well reported of by all the nation of the Jews, was warned [of God] by a holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words from thee.

23So he called them in and lodged them. And on the morrow he arose and went forth with them, and certain of the brethren from Joppa accompanied him.

24And on the morrow they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius was waiting for them, having called together his kinsmen and his near friends.

25And when it came to pass that Peter entered, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him.

26But Peter raised him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man.

27And as he talked with him, he went in, and findeth many come together:

28and he said unto them, Ye yourselves know how it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to join himself or come unto one of another nation; and [yet] unto me hath God showed that I should not call any man common or unclean:

29wherefore also I came without gainsaying, when I was sent for. I ask therefore with what intent ye sent for me.

30And Cornelius said, Four days ago, until this hour, I was keeping the ninth hour of prayer in my house; and behold, a man stood before me in bright apparel,

31and saith, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God.

32Send therefore to Joppa, and call unto thee Simon, who is surnamed Peter; he lodgeth in the house of Simon a tanner, by the sea side.

33Forthwith therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore we are all here present in the sight of God, to hear all things that have been commanded thee of the Lord.

34And Peter opened his mouth and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons:

35but in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is acceptable to him.

36The word which he sent unto the children of Israel, preaching good tidings of peace by Jesus Christ (He is Lord of all.) --

37that saying ye yourselves know, which was published throughout all Judaea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;

38[even] Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.

39And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom also they slew, hanging him on a tree.

40Him God raised up the third day, and gave him to be made manifest,

41not to all the people, but unto witnesses that were chosen before of God, [even] to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.

42And he charged us to preach unto the people, and to testify that this is he who is ordained of God [to be] the Judge of the living and the dead.

43To him bear all the prophets witness, that through his name every one that believeth on him shall receive remission of sins.

44While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all them that heard the word.

45And they of the circumcision that believed were amazed, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Spirit.

46For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter,

47Can any man forbid the water, that these should not be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we?

48And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days.

1Now there was a man in Caesarea named Cornelius, a centurion of what was known as the Italian Cohort.

2He was a devout, God-fearing man, as was all his household; he did many acts of charity for the people and prayed to God regularly.

3About three o’clock one afternoon he saw clearly in a vision an angel of God who came in and said to him, “Cornelius.”

4Staring at him and becoming greatly afraid, Cornelius replied, “What is it, Lord?” The angel said to him, “Your prayers and your acts of charity have gone up as a memorial before God.

5Now send men to Joppa and summon a man named Simon, who is called Peter.

6This man is staying as a guest with a man named Simon, a tanner, whose house is by the sea.”

7When the angel who had spoken to him departed, Cornelius called two of his personal servants and a devout soldier from among those who served him,

8and when he had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.

9About noon the next day, while they were on their way and approaching the city, Peter went up on the roof to pray.

10He became hungry and wanted to eat, but while they were preparing the meal, a trance came over him.

11He saw heaven opened and an object something like a large sheet descending, being let down to earth by its four corners.

12In it were all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth and wild birds.

13Then a voice said to him, “Get up, Peter; slaughter and eat!”

14But Peter said, “Certainly not, Lord, for I have never eaten anything defiled and ritually unclean!”

15The voice spoke to him again, a second time, “What God has made clean, you must not consider ritually unclean!”

16This happened three times, and immediately the object was taken up into heaven.

17Now while Peter was puzzling over what the vision he had seen could signify, the men sent by Cornelius had learned where Simon’s house was and approached the gate.

18They called out to ask if Simon, known as Peter, was staying there as a guest.

19While Peter was still thinking seriously about the vision, the Spirit said to him, “Look! Three men are looking for you.

20But get up, go down, and accompany them without hesitation because I have sent them.”

21So Peter went down to the men and said, “Here I am, the person you’re looking for. Why have you come?”

22They said, “Cornelius the centurion, a righteous and God-fearing man, well spoken of by the whole Jewish nation, was directed by a holy angel to summon you to his house and to hear a message from you.”

23So Peter invited them in and entertained them as guests.On the next day he got up and set out with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him.

24The following day he entered Caesarea. Now Cornelius was waiting anxiously for them and had called together his relatives and close friends.

25So when Peter came in, Cornelius met him, fell at his feet, and worshiped him.

26But Peter helped him up, saying, “Stand up. I too am a mere mortal.”

27Peter continued talking with him as he went in, and he found many people gathered together.

28He said to them, “You know that it is unlawful for a Jew to associate with or visit a Gentile, yet God has shown me that I should call no person defiled or ritually unclean.

29Therefore when you sent for me, I came without any objection. Now may I ask why you sent for me?”

30Cornelius replied, “Four days ago at this very hour, at three o’clock in the afternoon, I was praying in my house, and suddenly a man in shining clothing stood before me

31and said, ‘Cornelius, your prayer has been heard and your acts of charity have been remembered before God.

32Therefore send to Joppa and summon Simon, who is called Peter. This man is staying as a guest in the house of Simon the tanner, by the sea.’

33Therefore I sent for you at once, and you were kind enough to come. So now we are all here in the presence of God to listen to everything the Lord has commanded you to say to us.”

34Then Peter started speaking: “I now truly understand that God does not show favoritism in dealing with people,

35but in every nation the person who fears him and does what is right is welcomed before him.

36You know the message he sent to the people of Israel, proclaiming the good news of peace through Jesus Christ (he is Lord of all)—

37you know what happened throughout Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism that John announced:

38with respect to Jesus from Nazareth, that God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power. He went around doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil because God was with him.

39We are witnesses of all the things he did both in Judea and in Jerusalem. They killed him by hanging him on a tree,

40but God raised him up on the third day and caused him to be seen,

41not by all the people, but by us, the witnesses God had already chosen, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.

42He commanded us to preach to the people and to warn them that he is the one appointed by God as judge of the living and the dead.

43About him all the prophets testify, that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.”

44While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the message.

45The circumcised believers who had accompanied Peter were greatly astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles,

46for they heard them speaking in tongues and praising God. Then Peter said,

47“No one can withhold the water for these people to be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit just as we did, can he?”

48So he gave orders to have them baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay for several days.

1Now there was a certain man in Caesarea, Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment,

2a devout man, and one who feared God with all his house, who gave gifts for the needy generously to the people, and always prayed to God.

3At about the ninth hour of the day, he clearly saw in a vision an angel of God coming to him, and saying to him, “Cornelius!”

4He, fastening his eyes on him, and being frightened, said, “What is it, Lord?” He said to him, “Your prayers and your gifts to the needy have gone up for a memorial before God.

5Now send men to Joppa, and get Simon, who is also called Peter.

6He lodges with a tanner named Simon, whose house is by the seaside.

7When the angel who spoke to him had departed, Cornelius called two of his household servants and a devout soldier of those who waited on him continually.

8Having explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.

9Now on the next day as they were on their journey, and got close to the city, Peter went up on the housetop to pray at about noon.

10He became hungry and desired to eat, but while they were preparing, he fell into a trance.

11He saw heaven opened and a certain container descending to him, like a great sheet let down by four corners on the earth,

12in which were all kinds of four-footed animals of the earth, wild animals, reptiles, and birds of the sky.

13A voice came to him, “Rise, Peter, kill and eat!”

14But Peter said, “Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean.”

15A voice came to him again the second time, “What God has cleansed, you must not call unclean.”

16This was done three times, and immediately the vessel was received up into heaven.

17Now while Peter was very perplexed in himself what the vision which he had seen might mean, behold, the men who were sent by Cornelius, having made inquiry for Simon’s house, stood before the gate,

18and called and asked whether Simon, who was also called Peter, was lodging there.

19While Peter was pondering the vision, the Spirit said to him, “Behold, three men seek you.

20But arise, get down, and go with them, doubting nothing; for I have sent them.”

21Peter went down to the men, and said, “Behold, I am he whom you seek. Why have you come?”

22They said, “Cornelius, a centurion, a righteous man and one who fears God, and well spoken of by all the nation of the Jews, was directed by a holy angel to invite you to his house, and to listen to what you say.”

23So he called them in and provided a place to stay. On the next day Peter arose and went out with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa accompanied him.

24On the next day they entered into Caesarea. Cornelius was waiting for them, having called together his relatives and his near friends.

25When Peter entered, Cornelius met him, fell down at his feet, and worshiped him.

26But Peter raised him up, saying, “Stand up! I myself am also a man.”

27As he talked with him, he went in and found many gathered together.

28He said to them, “You yourselves know how it is an unlawful thing for a man who is a Jew to join himself or come to one of another nation, but God has shown me that I shouldn’t call any man unholy or unclean.

29Therefore also I came without complaint when I was sent for. I ask therefore, why did you send for me?”

30Cornelius said, “Four days ago, I was fasting until this hour, and at the ninth hour, I prayed in my house, and behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,

31and said, ‘Cornelius, your prayer is heard, and your gifts to the needy are remembered in the sight of God.

32Send therefore to Joppa, and summon Simon, who is also called Peter. He lodges in the house of a tanner named Simon, by the seaside. When he comes, he will speak to you.’

33Therefore I sent to you at once, and it was good of you to come. Now therefore we are all here present in the sight of God to hear all things that have been commanded you by God.”

34Peter opened his mouth and said, “Truly I perceive that God doesn’t show favoritism;

35but in every nation he who fears him and works righteousness is acceptable to him.

36The word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching good news of peace by Jesus Christ—he is Lord of all—

37you yourselves know what happened, which was proclaimed throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;

38even Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.

39We are witnesses of everything he did both in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they also killed, hanging him on a tree.

40God raised him up the third day, and gave him to be revealed,

41not to all the people, but to witnesses who were chosen before by God, to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.

42He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that this is he who is appointed by God as the Judge of the living and the dead.

43All the prophets testify about him, that through his name everyone who believes in him will receive remission of sins.”

44While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the word.

45They of the circumcision who believed were amazed, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was also poured out on the Gentiles.

46For they heard them speaking in other languages and magnifying God. Then Peter answered,

47“Can anyone forbid these people from being baptized with water? They have received the Holy Spirit just like us.”

48He commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay some days.

Summary
Authorship & Background
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Summary

In Caesarea, the Gentile centurion Cornelius, a devout man, receives a vision instructing him to send for Peter (vv. 1-8). The next day Peter, praying on a rooftop, falls into a trance and sees a sheet of unclean animals lowered from heaven three times with the command to kill and eat, and a voice tells him not to call unclean what God has made clean (vv. 9-16). As he ponders this, Cornelius's messengers arrive, and the Spirit tells Peter to go with them without hesitation (vv. 17-23). At Cornelius's house, Peter now understands the vision's meaning and declares that God shows no partiality, accepting anyone who fears him and does what is right (vv. 24-35). While he is still speaking, the Holy Spirit falls on all who hear the message, Gentiles included, and they speak in tongues and are baptized, proof that God has extended salvation to the Gentiles as well (vv. 44-48).

Authorship & Background

Author: Luke (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 10 is one of the most pivotal chapters in Acts — the conversion of Cornelius, the first Gentile to receive the Gospel directly. This event breaks the final barrier: the Gospel is no longer just for Jews and Samaritans — it is for all nations. Peter's vision and Cornelius' conversion establish that God "is no respecter of persons" (v.34).
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a devout Roman centurion who prays and gives alms yet still needs to hear and believe the gospel to be saved, a sheet of unclean animals lowered three times with a command Peter refuses three times, kill, and eat, a vision about people rather than food, what God hath cleansed, that call not thou common, timing made explicit as three men knock while Peter still puzzles over what he saw, and a sermon that opens with the very conclusion Peter has just been forced to accept, God is no respecter of persons, the Spirit falling on Gentiles in the middle of the preaching itself
Cornelius (vv.1-8): A Roman centurion — a Gentile "God-fearer" who prayed, gave alms, and feared God, but had not converted to Judaism. He was devout but not yet saved (11:14 — Peter would tell him "words, whereby thou and all thy house shall be saved"). Morality and religious devotion are not enough — the Gospel must be heard and believed.
Peter's Vision (vv.9-16): A sheet descending with unclean animals, and God's command: "Kill, and eat." Peter refuses three times. God's response: "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common" (v.15). The vision is not primarily about food — it's about people. God is declaring that Gentiles are no longer "unclean" — the barrier between Jew and Gentile is removed in Christ.
The Men from Caesarea (vv.17-23): Peter is still puzzling over the vision when the knock comes, and Luke makes the timing explicit, while Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee. The instruction removes his discretion, go with them, doubting nothing, for I have sent them. The men state their business and their master's rank, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews. Then the first breach: then called he them in, and lodged them. A Jewish man puts three Gentiles up for the night before he has worked out what the vision meant.
Peter Enters a Gentile House (vv.24-33): Cornelius has called together his kinsmen and near friends, so a private enquiry has become a gathering. He falls at Peter's feet and is picked up with a correction, stand up, I myself also am a man. Then Peter states what everyone in the room already knows, ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company with one of another nation, and gives his reason for coming anyway, God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean. Cornelius recounts the angel, and the last line is a sentence any preacher would want to hear, now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God.
God Is No Respecter of Persons (vv.34-43): The sermon opens with the conclusion Peter has just been forced to, of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons, but in every nation he that feareth him is accepted with him. What follows is the shortest summary of the gospel in Acts and it is almost entirely biographical: baptized by John, anointed with the Holy Ghost and with power, went about doing good, hanged on a tree, raised up the third day. The witness clause is careful about who saw it, not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before of God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead. And the offer at the end is open, whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.
The Gentile Pentecost (vv.44-48): While Peter is still preaching, the Holy Spirit falls on the Gentiles — the same way He fell on the Jews at Pentecost. The Jewish believers are "astonished" (v.45). God gave the Gentiles the same gift — proving they are fully accepted without becoming Jewish first.

Map & Geography

  • Caesarea (v.1): Cornelius was a centurion in Caesarea — the Roman administrative capital of Judea, a coastal city about 60 miles northwest of Jerusalem.
  • Joppa (v.5): Peter was staying in Joppa (a port city 30 miles south of Caesarea) at the house of Simon the tanner. Cornelius sent men from Caesarea to Joppa to bring Peter.
  • The geographic movement from Joppa to Caesarea represents the Gospel crossing from Jewish territory to the Gentile world.

Places on this map

  • CaesareaCaesarea, IsraelHerod built an artificial deep-water harbour on an open coast that had none, and it became the Roman administrative capital of Judea. Paul was held here two years and sailed for Rome from it; it is also where the gospel first went to a Gentile household. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia
  • JoppaJaffa, Tel Aviv, IsraelThe one usable harbour on Israel's straight coast, a rock shelf with a gap in it, dangerous but workable. Cedar for both temples was landed here, Jonah sailed from here, and Peter saw his vision on a roof here. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Cornelius' character, Peter's vision, the meaning of "common and unclean," Peter's sermon, and the Gentile Pentecost.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

The Apostle Paul: Acts 8-12
BibleProject

Acts 10:1-23 - The Conversion of Peter
David Guzik

Acts 10:24-48 - Whoever Believes in Him
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Acts -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Devotion Without the Gospel Isn't Enough (v.2) — Cornelius is devout, generous, and prayerful, yet he still needs to hear and believe the Gospel to be saved. Do you know people who seem genuinely good but haven't yet trusted Christ?
  • God Removes the Barriers We Build (v.15) — When Peter resists eating the unclean animals in his vision, God tells him not to call common what He has cleansed, revealing that the vision is really about people, not food. Are there people you quietly consider unworthy of the Gospel because of their background or lifestyle?
  • Deflecting Worship to God Alone (v.26) — When Cornelius falls at his feet, Peter immediately insists he is just a man and redirects the honor to God. How do you handle praise or recognition — do you point it back to Him?
  • No Favorites With God (v.34) — Peter declares that God shows no partiality, accepting anyone who fears Him and does what is right regardless of nationality. What favoritism or exclusivity might still be hiding in your own heart?
  • The Spirit Moves on His Own Timing (v.44) — The Holy Spirit falls on the Gentiles while Peter is still mid-sermon, before anyone finishes a ritual or process. Are you open to God working in people and moments you didn't expect?
  • No Human Barrier Can Override God's Acceptance (v.47) — Peter asks who could possibly forbid baptizing people the Spirit has clearly already received. What barriers might exist in your own church or circle that keep out people God has already welcomed?