Acts — Chapter 26
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1Agrippa said to Paul, “You have permission to speak for yourself.” Then Paul stretched out his hand and began his defense:
2“King Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate to stand before you today to defend myself against all the accusations of the Jews,
3especially since you are acquainted with all the Jewish customs and controversies. I beg you, therefore, to listen to me patiently.
4Surely all the Jews know how I have lived from my earliest childhood among my own people, and also in Jerusalem.
5They have known me for a long time and can testify, if they are willing, that I lived as a Pharisee, adhering to the strictest sect of our religion.
6And now I stand on trial because of my hope in the promise that God made to our fathers,
7the promise our twelve tribes are hoping to see fulfilled as they earnestly serve God day and night. It is because of this hope, O king, that I am accused by the Jews.
8Why would any of you consider it incredible that God raises the dead?
9So then, I too was convinced that I ought to do all I could to oppose the name of Jesus of Nazareth.
10And that is what I did in Jerusalem. With authority from the chief priests I put many of the saints in prison, and when they were condemned to death, I cast my vote against them.
11I frequently had them punished in the synagogues, and I tried to make them blaspheme. In my raging fury against them, I even went to foreign cities to persecute them.
12In this pursuit I was on my way to Damascus with the authority and commission of the chief priests.
13About noon, O king, as I was on the road, I saw a light from heaven, brighter than the sun, shining around me and my companions.
14We all fell to the ground, and I heard a voice say to me in Hebrew, ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute Me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’
15‘Who are You, Lord?’ I asked. ‘I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting,’ the Lord replied.
16‘But get up and stand on your feet. For I have appeared to you to appoint you as a servant and as a witness of what you have seen from Me and what I will show you.
17I will rescue you from your own people and from the Gentiles. I am sending you to them
18to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those sanctified by faith in Me.’
19So then, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision.
20First to those in Damascus and Jerusalem, then to everyone in the region of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, I declared that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds worthy of their repentance.
21For this reason the Jews seized me in the temple courts and tried to kill me.
22But I have had God’s help to this day, and I stand here to testify to small and great alike. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen:
23that the Christ would suffer, and as the first to rise from the dead, would proclaim light to our people and to the Gentiles.”
24At this stage of Paul’s defense, Festus exclaimed in a loud voice, “You are insane, Paul! Your great learning is driving you to madness!”
25But Paul answered, “I am not insane, most excellent Festus; I am speaking words of truth and sobriety.
26For the king knows about these matters, and I can speak freely to him. I am confident that none of this has escaped his notice, because it was not done in a corner.
27King Agrippa, do you believe the prophets? I know you do.”
28Then Agrippa said to Paul, “Can you persuade me in such a short time to become a Christian?”
29“Short time or long,” Paul replied, “I wish to God that not only you but all who hear me this day may become what I am, except for these chains.”
30Then the king and the governor rose, along with Bernice and those seated with them.
31On their way out, they said to one another, “This man has done nothing worthy of death or imprisonment.”
32And Agrippa said to Festus, “This man could have been released if he had not appealed to Caesar.”
1Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Then Paul stretched forth the hand, and answered for himself:
2I think myself happy, king Agrippa, because I shall answer for myself this day before thee touching all the things whereof I am accused of the Jews:
3Especially because I know thee to be expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews: wherefore I beseech thee to hear me patiently.
4My manner of life from my youth, which was at the first among mine own nation at Jerusalem, know all the Jews;
5Which knew me from the beginning, if they would testify, that after the most straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee.
6And now I stand and am judged for the hope of the promise made of God unto our fathers:
7Unto which promise our twelve tribes, instantly serving God day and night, hope to come. For which hope’s sake, king Agrippa, I am accused of the Jews.
8Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead?
9I verily thought with myself, that I ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth.
10Which thing I also did in Jerusalem: and many of the saints did I shut up in prison, having received authority from the chief priests; and when they were put to death, I gave my voice against them.
11And I punished them oft in every synagogue, and compelled them to blaspheme; and being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto strange cities.
12Whereupon as I went to Damascus with authority and commission from the chief priests,
13At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightness of the sun, shining round about me and them which journeyed with me.
14And when we were all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice speaking unto me, and saying in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.
15And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest.
16But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will appear unto thee;
17Delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee,
18To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.
19Whereupon, O king Agrippa, I was not disobedient unto the heavenly vision:
20But shewed first unto them of Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judaea, and then to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet for repentance.
21For these causes the Jews caught me in the temple, and went about to kill me.
22Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come:
23That Christ should suffer, and that he should be the first that should rise from the dead, and should shew light unto the people, and to the Gentiles.
24And as he thus spake for himself, Festus said with a loud voice, Paul, thou art beside thyself; much learning doth make thee mad.
25But he said, I am not mad, most noble Festus; but speak forth the words of truth and soberness.
26For the king knoweth of these things, before whom also I speak freely: for I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him; for this thing was not done in a corner.
27King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets? I know that thou believest.
28Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
29And Paul said, I would to God, that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, except these bonds.
30And when he had thus spoken, the king rose up, and the governor, and Bernice, and they that sat with them:
31And when they were gone aside, they talked between themselves, saying, This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of bonds.
32Then said Agrippa unto Festus, This man might have been set at liberty, if he had not appealed unto Caesar.
1And Agrippa said unto Paul, Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Then Paul stretched forth his hand, and made his defence:
2I think myself happy, king Agrippa, that I am to make my defense before thee this day touching all the things whereof I am accused by the Jews:
3especially because thou art expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews: wherefore I beseech thee to hear me patiently.
4My manner of life then from my youth up, which was from the beginning among mine own nation and at Jerusalem, know all the Jews;
5having knowledge of me from the first, if they be willing to testify, that after the straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee.
6And now I stand [here] to be judged for the hope of the promise made of God unto our fathers;
7unto which [promise] our twelve tribes, earnestly serving [God] night and day, hope to attain. And concerning this hope I am accused by the Jews, O king!
8Why is it judged incredible with you, if God doth raise the dead?
9I verily thought with myself that I ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth.
10And this I also did in Jerusalem: and I both shut up many of the saints in prisons, having received authority from the chief priests, and when they were put to death I gave my vote against them.
11And punishing them oftentimes in all the synagogues, I strove to make them blaspheme; and being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto foreign cities.
12Whereupon as I journeyed to Damascus with the authority and commission of the chief priests,
13at midday, O king, I saw on the way a light from heaven, above the brightness of the sun, shining round about me and them that journeyed with me.
14And when we were all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice saying unto me in the Hebrew language, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the goad.
15And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest.
16But arise, and stand upon thy feet: for to this end have I appeared unto thee, to appoint thee a minister and a witness both of the things wherein thou hast seen me, and of the things wherein I will appear unto thee;
17delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom I send thee,
18to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive remission of sins and an inheritance among them that are sanctified by faith in me.
19Wherefore, O king Agrippa, I was not disobedient unto the heavenly vision:
20but declared both to them of Damascus first and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the country of Judaea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance.
21For this cause the Jews seized me in the temple, and assayed to kill me.
22Having therefore obtained the help that is from God, I stand unto this day testifying both to small and great, saying nothing but what the prophets and Moses did say should come;
23how that the Christ must suffer, [and] how that he first by the resurrection of the dead should proclaim light both to the people and to the Gentiles.
24And as he thus made his defense, Festus saith with a loud voice, Paul, thou art mad; thy much learning is turning thee mad.
25But Paul saith, I am not mad, most excellent Festus; but speak forth words of truth and soberness.
26For the king knoweth of these things, unto whom also I speak freely: for I am persuaded that none of these things is hidden from him; for this hath not been done in a corner.
27King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets? I know that thou believest.
28And Agrippa [said] unto Paul, With but little persuasion thou wouldest fain make me a Christian.
29And Paul [said], I would to God, that whether with little or with much, not thou only, but also all that hear me this day, might become such as I am, except these bonds.
30And the king rose up, and the governor, and Bernice, and they that sat with them:
31and when they had withdrawn, they spake one to another, saying, This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of bonds.
32And Agrippa said unto Festus, This man might have been set at liberty, if he had not appealed unto Caesar.
1So Agrippa said to Paul, “You have permission to speak for yourself.” Then Paul held out his hand and began his defense:
2“Regarding all the things I have been accused of by the Jews, King Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate that I am about to make my defense before you today,
3because you are especially familiar with all the customs and controversial issues of the Jews. Therefore I ask you to listen to me patiently.
4Now all the Jews know the way I lived from my youth, spending my life from the beginning among my own people and in Jerusalem.
5They know because they have known me from time past, if they are willing to testify, that according to the strictest party of our religion, I lived as a Pharisee.
6And now I stand here on trial because of my hope in the promise made by God to our ancestors,
7a promise that our 12 tribes hope to attain as they earnestly serve God night and day. Concerning this hope the Jews are accusing me, Your Majesty!
8Why do you people think it is unbelievable that God raises the dead?
9Of course, I myself was convinced that it was necessary to do many things hostile to the name of Jesus the Nazarene.
10And that is what I did in Jerusalem: Not only did I lock up many of the saints in prisons by the authority I received from the chief priests, but I also cast my vote against them when they were sentenced to death.
11I punished them often in all the synagogues and tried to force them to blaspheme. Because I was so furiously enraged at them, I went to persecute them even in foreign cities.
12“While doing this very thing, as I was going to Damascus with authority and complete power from the chief priests,
13about noon along the road, Your Majesty, I saw a light from heaven, brighter than the sun, shining everywhere around me and those traveling with me.
14When we had all fallen to the ground, I heard a voice saying to me in Aramaic, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? You are hurting yourself by kicking against the goads.’
15So I said, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ And the Lord replied, ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting.
16But get up and stand on your feet, for I have appeared to you for this reason, to designate you in advance as a servant and witness to the things you have seen and to the things in which I will appear to you.
17I will rescue you from your own people and from the Gentiles, to whom I am sending you
18to open their eyes so that they turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a share among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’
19“Therefore, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision,
20but I declared to those in Damascus first, and then to those in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds consistent with repentance.
21For this reason the Jews, after they seized me while I was in the temple courts, were trying to kill me.
22I have experienced help from God to this day, and so I stand testifying to both small and great, saying nothing except what the prophets and Moses said was going to happen:
23that the Christ was to suffer and be the first to rise from the dead, to proclaim light both to our people and to the Gentiles.”
24As Paul was saying these things in his defense, Festus exclaimed loudly, “You have lost your mind, Paul! Your great learning is driving you insane!”
25But Paul replied, “I have not lost my mind, most excellent Festus, but am speaking true and rational words.
26For the king knows about these things, and I am speaking freely to him because I cannot believe that any of these things has escaped his notice, for this was not done in a corner.
27Do you believe the prophets, King Agrippa? I know that you believe.”
28Agrippa said to Paul, “In such a short time are you persuading me to become a Christian?”
29Paul replied, “I pray to God that whether in a short or a long time not only you but also all those who are listening to me today could become such as I am, except for these chains.”
30So the king got up, and with him the governor and Bernice and those sitting with them,
31and as they were leaving they said to one another, “This man is not doing anything deserving death or imprisonment.”
32Agrippa said to Festus, “This man could have been released if he had not appealed to Caesar.”
1Agrippa said to Paul, “You may speak for yourself.” Then Paul stretched out his hand, and made his defense.
2“I think myself happy, King Agrippa, that I am to make my defense before you today concerning all the things that I am accused by the Jews,
3especially because you are expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews. Therefore I beg you to hear me patiently.
4“Indeed, all the Jews know my way of life from my youth up, which was from the beginning among my own nation and at Jerusalem;
5having known me from the first, if they are willing to testify, that after the strictest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee.
6Now I stand here to be judged for the hope of the promise made by God to our fathers,
7which our twelve tribes, earnestly serving night and day, hope to attain. Concerning this hope I am accused by the Jews, King Agrippa!
8Why is it judged incredible with you, if God does raise the dead?
9“I myself most certainly thought that I ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth.
10This I also did in Jerusalem. I both shut up many of the saints in prisons, having received authority from the chief priests, and when they were put to death I gave my vote against them.
11Punishing them often in all the synagogues, I tried to make them blaspheme. Being exceedingly enraged against them, I persecuted them even to foreign cities.
12“Whereupon as I traveled to Damascus with the authority and commission from the chief priests,
13at noon, O king, I saw on the way a light from the sky, brighter than the sun, shining around me and those who traveled with me.
14When we had all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice saying to me in the Hebrew language, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’
15“I said, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ “He said, ‘I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting.
16But arise, and stand on your feet, for I have appeared to you for this purpose: to appoint you a servant and a witness both of the things which you have seen, and of the things which I will reveal to you;
17delivering you from the people, and from the Gentiles, to whom I send you,
18to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive remission of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’
19“Therefore, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision,
20but declared first to them of Damascus, at Jerusalem, and throughout all the country of Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance.
21For this reason the Jews seized me in the temple, and tried to kill me.
22Having therefore obtained the help that is from God, I stand to this day testifying both to small and great, saying nothing but what the prophets and Moses said would happen,
23how the Christ must suffer, and how, by the resurrection of the dead, he would be first to proclaim light both to these people and to the Gentiles.”
24As he thus made his defense, Festus said with a loud voice, “Paul, you are crazy! Your great learning is driving you insane!”
25But he said, “I am not crazy, most excellent Festus, but boldly declare words of truth and reasonableness.
26For the king knows of these things, to whom also I speak freely. For I am persuaded that none of these things is hidden from him, for this has not been done in a corner.
27King Agrippa, do you believe the prophets? I know that you believe.”
28Agrippa said to Paul, “With a little persuasion are you trying to make me a Christian?”
29Paul said, “I pray to God, that whether with little or with much, not only you, but also all that hear me today, might become such as I am, except for these bonds.”
30The king rose up with the governor, and Bernice, and those who sat with them.
31When they had withdrawn, they spoke to one another, saying, “This man does nothing worthy of death or of bonds.”
32Agrippa said to Festus, “This man might have been set free if he had not appealed to Caesar.”
Summary
Given leave to speak, Paul describes his strict upbringing as a Pharisee and his former zeal in persecuting the followers of Jesus, even voting for their deaths and forcing them to blaspheme (vv. 1-11). He recounts his journey to Damascus, the blinding light from heaven, and the voice of Jesus asking why he was persecuting him and commissioning him to open the eyes of Jews and Gentiles alike, turning them from darkness to light (vv. 12-18). Paul explains that he was not disobedient to that heavenly vision, but preached repentance and a turn to God everywhere he went, which is why the Jews seized him in the temple (vv. 19-21). He insists he has said nothing beyond what Moses and the prophets foretold — that the Messiah would suffer, rise first from the dead, and proclaim light to Jews and Gentiles alike (vv. 22-23). Festus interrupts, calling Paul insane from too much learning, but Paul appeals directly to Agrippa's own knowledge of these events, asking if he believes the prophets; Agrippa responds that Paul is almost persuading him to become a Christian, and the rulers agree privately that Paul has done nothing deserving death or imprisonment and could have been freed had he not appealed to Caesar (vv. 24-32).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Caesarea (v.1): Paul made his defense before Agrippa and Bernice in the audience hall at Caesarea, the Roman headquarters.
- Damascus (v.12): Paul recounts his conversion on the road to Damascus.
- Paul's mission field summarized: "Throughout all the coasts of Judea, and then to the Gentiles" (v.20) — from Jerusalem outward to the entire Mediterranean world.
Places on this map
- CaesareaCaesarea, IsraelHerod built an artificial deep-water harbour on an open coast that had none, and it became the Roman administrative capital of Judea. Paul was held here two years and sailed for Rome from it; it is also where the gospel first went to a Gentile household. Wikipedia
- DamascusDamascus, SyriaAn oasis city where the Barada river runs out of the Anti-Lebanon into the desert, about 135 miles north-east of Jerusalem. It sat astride the caravan roads to Mesopotamia and Arabia, which made Aram rich and made it Israel's most persistent northern rival. Wikipedia
- JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
- Mediterranean SeaCalled simply the Great Sea, and treated as the western edge of the world. Israel's coast has almost no natural harbours, so for most of its history the sea was a boundary rather than a road, and seafaring was left to the Phoenicians. Wikipedia
- Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Paul's defense before Agrippa, the fullest conversion account, the commission statement, and Agrippa's "almost."
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Acts -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Why Resurrection Shouldn't Seem Incredible (v.8) — Paul asks why it should be considered impossible that God raises the dead, when the same God created everything from nothing. Where does your own belief in the resurrection waver, and does it hold up against what you already believe about God's power?
- What Salvation Actually Changes (v.18) — Christ's commission to Paul describes salvation as opened eyes, a turn from darkness to light and from Satan's power to God's, and the reception of forgiveness and inheritance. Which part of that description feels most true in your own story, and which still feels distant?
- A Life Defined by One Obedience (v.19) — Paul sums up thirty years of hardship in a single line: he was not disobedient to the vision God gave him. What has God shown you that you know you're supposed to act on, and are you being faithful to it?
- Faith Built on Public, Checkable Events (v.26) — Paul tells Agrippa these things were not done in a hidden corner but happened openly, where anyone could verify them. How does the historical, public nature of the gospel strengthen your own confidence when doubts arise?
- The Danger of "Almost" (v.28) — Agrippa admits Paul has almost persuaded him, and stops there. Is there an area of your life where you're almost surrendered to Christ but haven't actually crossed the line into full commitment?
- Wanting It for Everyone (v.29) — Even in chains, Paul says he wishes everyone listening could have what he has, minus the imprisonment. Do you want what you have in Christ badly enough for others that you'd say the same thing to the people around you?