Acts — Chapter 27
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1When it was decided that we would sail for Italy, Paul and some other prisoners were handed over to a centurion named Julius, who belonged to the Imperial Regiment.
2We boarded an Adramyttian ship about to sail for ports along the coast of Asia, and we put out to sea. Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica, was with us.
3The next day we landed at Sidon, and Julius treated Paul with consideration, allowing him to visit his friends and receive their care.
4After putting out from there, we sailed to the lee of Cyprus because the winds were against us.
5And when we had sailed across the open sea off the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra in Lycia.
6There the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy and put us on board.
7After sailing slowly for many days, we arrived off Cnidus. When the wind impeded us, we sailed to the lee of Crete, opposite Salmone.
8After we had moved along the coast with difficulty, we came to a place called Fair Havens, near the town of Lasea.
9By now much time had passed, and the voyage had already become dangerous because it was after the Fast. So Paul advised them,
10“Men, I can see that our voyage will be filled with disaster and great loss, not only to ship and cargo, but to our own lives as well.”
11But contrary to Paul’s advice, the centurion was persuaded by the pilot and by the owner of the ship.
12Since the harbor was unsuitable to winter in, the majority decided to sail on, hoping that somehow they could reach Phoenix to winter there. Phoenix was a harbor in Crete facing both southwest and northwest.
13When a gentle south wind began to blow, they thought they had their opportunity. So they weighed anchor and sailed along, hugging the coast of Crete.
14But it was not long before a cyclone called the Northeaster swept down across the island.
15Unable to head into the wind, the ship was caught up. So we gave way and let ourselves be driven along.
16Passing to the lee of a small island called Cauda, we barely managed to secure the lifeboat.
17After hoisting it up, the crew used ropes to undergird the ship. And fearing that they would run aground on the sandbars of Syrtis, they lowered the sea anchor and were driven along.
18We were tossed so violently that the next day the men began to jettison the cargo.
19On the third day, they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands.
20When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days and the great storm continued to batter us, we abandoned all hope of being saved.
21After the men had gone a long time without food, Paul stood up among them and said, “Men, you should have followed my advice not to sail from Crete. Then you would have averted this disaster and loss.
22But now I urge you to keep up your courage, because you will not experience any loss of life, but only of the ship.
23For just last night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve stood beside me
24and said, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar. And look, God has granted you the lives of all who sail with you.’
25So take courage, men, for I believe God that it will happen just as He told me.
26However, we must run aground on some island.”
27On the fourteenth night we were still being driven across the Adriatic Sea. About midnight the sailors sensed they were approaching land.
28They took soundings and found that the water was twenty fathoms deep. Going a little farther, they took another set of soundings that read fifteen fathoms.
29Fearing that we would run aground on the rocks, they dropped four anchors from the stern and prayed for daybreak.
30Meanwhile, the sailors attempted to escape from the ship. Pretending to lower anchors from the bow, they let the lifeboat down into the sea.
31But Paul said to the centurion and the soldiers, “Unless these men remain with the ship, you cannot be saved.”
32So the soldiers cut the ropes to the lifeboat and set it adrift.
33Right up to daybreak, Paul kept urging them all to eat: “Today is your fourteenth day in constant suspense, without taking any food.
34So for your own preservation, I urge you to eat something, because not a single hair of your head will be lost.”
35After he had said this, Paul took bread and gave thanks to God in front of them all. Then he broke it and began to eat.
36They were all encouraged and took some food themselves.
37In all, there were 276 of us on board.
38After the men had eaten their fill, they lightened the ship by throwing the grain into the sea.
39When daylight came, they did not recognize the land, but they sighted a bay with a sandy beach, where they decided to run the ship aground if they could.
40Cutting away the anchors, they left them in the sea as they loosened the ropes that held the rudders. Then they hoisted the foresail to the wind and made for the beach.
41But the ship struck a sandbar and ran aground. The bow stuck fast and would not move, and the stern was being broken up by the pounding of the waves.
42The soldiers planned to kill the prisoners so none of them could swim to freedom.
43But the centurion, wanting to spare Paul’s life, thwarted their plan. He commanded those who could swim to jump overboard first and get to land.
44The rest were to follow on planks and various parts of the ship. In this way everyone was brought safely to land.
1And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus’ band.
2And entering into a ship of Adramyttium, we launched, meaning to sail by the coasts of Asia; one Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica, being with us.
3And the next day we touched at Sidon. And Julius courteously entreated Paul, and gave him liberty to go unto his friends to refresh himself.
4And when we had launched from thence, we sailed under Cyprus, because the winds were contrary.
5And when we had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra, a city of Lycia.
6And there the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing into Italy; and he put us therein.
7And when we had sailed slowly many days, and scarce were come over against Cnidus, the wind not suffering us, we sailed under Crete, over against Salmone;
8And, hardly passing it, came unto a place which is called The fair havens; nigh whereunto was the city of Lasea.
9Now when much time was spent, and when sailing was now dangerous, because the fast was now already past, Paul admonished them,
10And said unto them, Sirs, I perceive that this voyage will be with hurt and much damage, not only of the lading and ship, but also of our lives.
11Nevertheless the centurion believed the master and the owner of the ship, more than those things which were spoken by Paul.
12And because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence also, if by any means they might attain to Phenice, and there to winter; which is an haven of Crete, and lieth toward the south west and north west.
13And when the south wind blew softly, supposing that they had obtained their purpose, loosing thence, they sailed close by Crete.
14But not long after there arose against it a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon.
15And when the ship was caught, and could not bear up into the wind, we let her drive.
16And running under a certain island which is called Clauda, we had much work to come by the boat:
17Which when they had taken up, they used helps, undergirding the ship; and, fearing lest they should fall into the quicksands, strake sail, and so were driven.
18And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship;
19And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship.
20And when neither sun nor stars in many days appeared, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then taken away.
21But after long abstinence Paul stood forth in the midst of them, and said, Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss.
22And now I exhort you to be of good cheer: for there shall be no loss of any man’s life among you, but of the ship.
23For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, and whom I serve,
24Saying, Fear not, Paul; thou must be brought before Caesar: and, lo, God hath given thee all them that sail with thee.
25Wherefore, sirs, be of good cheer: for I believe God, that it shall be even as it was told me.
26Howbeit we must be cast upon a certain island.
27But when the fourteenth night was come, as we were driven up and down in Adria, about midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country;
28And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms.
29Then fearing lest we should have fallen upon rocks, they cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day.
30And as the shipmen were about to flee out of the ship, when they had let down the boat into the sea, under colour as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship,
31Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved.
32Then the soldiers cut off the ropes of the boat, and let her fall off.
33And while the day was coming on, Paul besought them all to take meat, saying, This day is the fourteenth day that ye have tarried and continued fasting, having taken nothing.
34Wherefore I pray you to take some meat: for this is for your health: for there shall not an hair fall from the head of any of you.
35And when he had thus spoken, he took bread, and gave thanks to God in presence of them all: and when he had broken it, he began to eat.
36Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat.
37And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls.
38And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, and cast out the wheat into the sea.
39And when it was day, they knew not the land: but they discovered a certain creek with a shore, into the which they were minded, if it were possible, to thrust in the ship.
40And when they had taken up the anchors, they committed themselves unto the sea, and loosed the rudder bands, and hoised up the mainsail to the wind, and made toward shore.
41And falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground; and the forepart stuck fast, and remained unmoveable, but the hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves.
42And the soldiers’ counsel was to kill the prisoners, lest any of them should swim out, and escape.
43But the centurion, willing to save Paul, kept them from their purpose; and commanded that they which could swim should cast themselves first into the sea, and get to land:
44And the rest, some on boards, and some on broken pieces of the ship. And so it came to pass, that they escaped all safe to land.
1And when it was determined that we should sail for Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners to a centurion named Julius, of the Augustan band.
2And embarking in a ship of Adramyttium, which was about to sail unto the places on the coast of Asia, we put to sea, Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica, being with us.
3And the next day we touched at Sidon: and Julius treated Paul kindly, and gave him leave to go unto his friends and refresh himself.
4And putting to sea from thence, we sailed under the lee of Cyprus, because the winds were contrary.
5And when we had sailed across the sea which is off Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra, [a city] of Lycia.
6And there the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing for Italy; and he put us therein.
7And when we had sailed slowly many days, and were come with difficulty over against Cnidus, the wind not further suffering us, we sailed under the lee of Crete, over against Salmone;
8and with difficulty coasting along it we came unto a certain place called Fair Havens; nigh whereunto was the city of Lasea.
9And when much time was spent, and the voyage was now dangerous, because the Fast was now already gone by, Paul admonished them,
10and said unto them, Sirs, I perceive that the voyage will be with injury and much loss, not only of the lading and the ship, but also of our lives.
11But the centurion gave more heed to the master and to the owner of the ship, than to those things which were spoken by Paul.
12And because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to put to sea from thence, if by any means they could reach Phoenix, and winter [there; which is] a haven of Crete, looking northeast and south-east.
13And when the south wind blew softly, supposing that they had obtained their purpose, they weighed anchor and sailed along Crete, close in shore.
14But after no long time there beat down from it a tempestuous wind, which is called Euraquilo:
15and when the ship was caught, and could not face the wind, we gave way [to it,] and were driven.
16And running under the lee of a small island called Cauda, we were able, with difficulty, to secure the boat:
17and when they had hoisted it up, they used helps, under-girding the ship; and, fearing lest they should be cast upon the Syrtis, they lowered the gear, and so were driven.
18And as we labored exceedingly with the storm, the next day they began to throw the [the freight] overboard;
19and the third day they cast out with their own hands the tackling of the ship.
20And when neither sun nor stars shone upon [us] for many days, and no small tempest lay on [us,] all hope that we should be saved was now taken away.
21And when they had been long without food, then Paul stood forth in the midst of them, and said, Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have set sail from Crete, and have gotten this injury and loss.
22And now I exhort you to be of good cheer; for there shall be no loss of life among you, but [only] of the ship.
23For there stood by me this night an angel of the God whose I am, whom also I serve,
24saying, Fear not, Paul; thou must stand before Caesar: and lo, God hath granted thee all them that sail with thee.
25Wherefore, sirs, be of good cheer: for I believe God, that it shall be even so as it hath been spoken unto me.
26But we must be cast upon a certain island.
27But when the fourteenth night was come, as we were driven to and fro in the [sea of] Adria, about midnight the sailors surmised that they were drawing near to some country:
28and they sounded, and found twenty fathoms; and after a little space, they sounded again, and found fifteen fathoms.
29And fearing lest haply we should be cast ashore on rocky ground, they let go four anchors from the stern, and wished for the day.
30And as the sailors were seeking to flee out of the ship, and had lowered the boat into the sea, under color as though they would lay out anchors from the foreship,
31Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved.
32Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the boat, and let her fall off.
33And while the day was coming on, Paul besought them all to take some food, saying, This day is the fourteenth day that ye wait and continue fasting, having taken nothing.
34Wherefore I beseech you to take some food: for this is for your safety: for there shall not a hair perish from the head of any of you.
35And when he had said this, and had taken bread, he gave thanks to God in the presence of all; and he brake it, and began to eat.
36Then were they all of good cheer, and themselves also took food.
37And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls.
38And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, throwing out the wheat into the sea.
39And when it was day, they knew not the land: but they perceived a certain bay with a beach, and they took counsel whether they could drive the ship upon it.
40And casting off the anchors, they left them in the sea, at the same time loosing the bands of the rudders; and hoisting up the foresail to the wind, they made for the beach.
41But lighting upon a place where two seas met, they ran the vessel aground; and the foreship struck and remained unmoveable, but the stern began to break up by the violence [of the waves].
42And the soldiers` counsel was to kill the prisoners, lest any [of them] should swim out, and escape.
43But the centurion, desiring to save Paul, stayed them from their purpose; and commanded that they who could swim should cast themselves overboard, and get first to the land;
44and the rest, some on planks, and some on [other] things from the ship. And so it came to pass, that they all escaped safe to the land.
1When it was decided we would sail to Italy, they handed over Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion of the Augustan Cohort named Julius.
2We went on board a ship from Adramyttium that was about to sail to various ports along the coast of the province of Asia and put out to sea, accompanied by Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica.
3The next day we put in at Sidon, and Julius, treating Paul kindly, allowed him to go to his friends so they could provide him with what he needed.
4From there we put out to sea and sailed under the lee of Cyprus because the winds were against us.
5After we had sailed across the open sea off Cilicia and Pamphylia, we put in at Myra in Lycia.
6There the centurion found a ship from Alexandria sailing for Italy, and he put us aboard it.
7We sailed slowly for many days and arrived with difficulty off Cnidus. Because the wind prevented us from going any farther, we sailed under the lee of Crete off Salmone.
8With difficulty we sailed along the coast of Crete and came to a place called Fair Havens that was near the town of Lasea.
9Since considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous because the fast was already over, Paul advised them,
10“Men, I can see the voyage is going to end in disaster and great loss not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.”
11But the centurion was more convinced by the captain and the ship’s owner than by what Paul said.
12Because the harbor was not suitable to spend the winter in, the majority decided to put out to sea from there. They hoped that somehow they could reach Phoenix, a harbor of Crete facing southwest and northwest, and spend the winter there.
13When a gentle south wind sprang up, they thought they could carry out their purpose, so they weighed anchor and sailed close along the coast of Crete.
14Not long after this, a hurricane-force wind called the northeaster blew down from the island.
15When the ship was caught in it and could not head into the wind, we gave way to it and were driven along.
16As we ran under the lee of a small island called Cauda, we were able with difficulty to get the ship’s boat under control.
17After the crew had hoisted it aboard, they used supports to undergird the ship. Fearing they would run aground on the Syrtis, they lowered the sea anchor, thus letting themselves be driven along.
18The next day, because we were violently battered by the storm, they began throwing the cargo overboard,
19and on the third day they threw the ship’s gear overboard with their own hands.
20When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days and a violent storm continued to batter us, we finally abandoned all hope of being saved.
21Since many of them had no desire to eat, Paul stood up among them and said, “Men, you should have listened to me and not put out to sea from Crete, thus avoiding this damage and loss.
22And now I advise you to keep up your courage, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only the ship will be lost.
23For last night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve came to me
24and said, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul! You must stand before Caesar, and God has graciously granted you the safety of all who are sailing with you.’
25Therefore keep up your courage, men, for I have faith in God that it will be just as I have been told.
26But we must run aground on some island.”
27When the fourteenth night had come, while we were being driven across the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors suspected they were approaching some land.
28They took soundings and found the water was twenty fathoms deep; when they had sailed a little farther they took soundings again and found it was fifteen fathoms deep.
29Because they were afraid that we would run aground on the rocky coast, they threw out four anchors from the stern and wished for day to appear.
30Then when the sailors tried to escape from the ship and were lowering the ship’s boat into the sea, pretending that they were going to put out anchors from the bow,
31Paul said to the centurion and the soldiers, “Unless these men stay with the ship, you cannot be saved.”
32Then the soldiers cut the ropes of the ship’s boat and let it drift away.
33As day was about to dawn, Paul urged them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day you have been in suspense and have gone without food; you have eaten nothing.
34Therefore I urge you to take some food, for this is important for your survival. For not one of you will lose a hair from his head.”
35After he said this, Paul took bread and gave thanks to God in front of them all, broke it, and began to eat.
36So all of them were encouraged and took food themselves.
37(We were in all 276 persons on the ship.)
38When they had eaten enough to be satisfied, they lightened the ship by throwing the wheat into the sea.
39When day came, they did not recognize the land, but they noticed a bay with a beach, where they decided to run the ship aground if they could.
40So they slipped the anchors and left them in the sea, at the same time loosening the linkage that bound the steering oars together. Then they hoisted the foresail to the wind and steered toward the beach.
41But they encountered a patch of crosscurrents and ran the ship aground; the bow stuck fast and could not be moved, but the stern was being broken up by the force of the waves.
42Now the soldiers’ plan was to kill the prisoners so that none of them would escape by swimming away.
43But the centurion, wanting to save Paul’s life, prevented them from carrying out their plan. He ordered those who could swim to jump overboard first and get to land,
44and the rest were to follow, some on planks and some on pieces of the ship. And in this way all were brought safely to land.
1When it was determined that we should sail for Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners to a centurion named Julius, of the Augustan band.
2Embarking in a ship of Adramyttium, which was about to sail to places on the coast of Asia, we put to sea; Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica, being with us.
3The next day, we touched at Sidon. Julius treated Paul kindly, and gave him permission to go to his friends and refresh himself.
4Putting to sea from there, we sailed under the lee of Cyprus, because the winds were contrary.
5When we had sailed across the sea which is off Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra, a city of Lycia.
6There the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing for Italy, and he put us on board.
7When we had sailed slowly many days, and had come with difficulty opposite Cnidus, the wind not allowing us further, we sailed under the lee of Crete, opposite Salmone.
8With difficulty sailing along it we came to a certain place called Fair Havens, near the city of Lasea.
9When much time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous, because the Fast had now already gone by, Paul admonished them,
10and said to them, “Sirs, I perceive that the voyage will be with injury and much loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.”
11But the centurion gave more heed to the master and to the owner of the ship than to those things which were spoken by Paul.
12Because the haven was not suitable to winter in, the majority advised going to sea from there, if by any means they could reach Phoenix, and winter there, which is a port of Crete, looking northeast and southeast.
13When the south wind blew softly, supposing that they had obtained their purpose, they weighed anchor and sailed along Crete, close to shore.
14But before long, a stormy wind beat down from shore, which is called Euroclydon.
15When the ship was caught, and couldn’t face the wind, we gave way to it, and were driven along.
16Running under the lee of a small island called Clauda, we were able, with difficulty, to secure the boat.
17After they had hoisted it up, they used cables to help reinforce the ship. Fearing that they would run aground on the Syrtis sand bars, they lowered the sea anchor, and so were driven along.
18As we labored exceedingly with the storm, the next day they began to throw things overboard.
19On the third day, they threw out the ship’s tackle with their own hands.
20When neither sun nor stars shone on us for many days, and no small storm pressed on us, all hope that we would be saved was now taken away.
21When they had been long without food, Paul stood up in the middle of them, and said, “Sirs, you should have listened to me, and not have set sail from Crete, and have gotten this injury and loss.
22Now I exhort you to cheer up, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship.
23For there stood by me this night an angel, belonging to the God whose I am and whom I serve,
24saying, ‘Don’t be afraid, Paul. You must stand before Caesar. Behold, God has granted you all those who sail with you.’
25Therefore, sirs, cheer up! For I believe God, that it will be just as it has been spoken to me.
26But we must run aground on a certain island.”
27But when the fourteenth night had come, as we were driven back and forth in the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors surmised that they were drawing near to some land.
28They took soundings, and found twenty fathoms. After a little while, they took soundings again, and found fifteen fathoms.
29Fearing that we would run aground on rocky ground, they let go four anchors from the stern, and wished for daylight.
30As the sailors were trying to flee out of the ship, and had lowered the boat into the sea, pretending that they would lay out anchors from the bow,
31Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, “Unless these stay in the ship, you can’t be saved.”
32Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the boat, and let it fall off.
33While the day was coming on, Paul begged them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day that you wait and continue fasting, having taken nothing.
34Therefore I beg you to take some food, for this is for your safety; for not a hair will perish from any of your heads.”
35When he had said this, and had taken bread, he gave thanks to God in the presence of all, and he broke it, and began to eat.
36Then they all cheered up, and they also took food.
37In all, we were two hundred seventy-six souls on the ship.
38When they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, throwing out the wheat into the sea.
39When it was day, they didn’t recognize the land, but they noticed a certain bay with a beach, and they decided to try to drive the ship onto it.
40Casting off the anchors, they left them in the sea, at the same time untying the rudder ropes. Hoisting up the foresail to the wind, they made for the beach.
41But coming to a place where two seas met, they ran the vessel aground. The bow struck and remained immovable, but the stern began to break up by the violence of the waves.
42The soldiers’ counsel was to kill the prisoners, so that none of them would swim out and escape.
43But the centurion, desiring to save Paul, stopped them from their purpose, and commanded that those who could swim should throw themselves overboard first to go toward the land;
44and the rest should follow, some on planks, and some on other things from the ship. So they all escaped safely to the land.
Summary
Paul, under guard, sets sail for Rome with the centurion Julius, and as the journey grows dangerous late in the season, Paul warns that continuing will bring disaster, but the centurion trusts the ship's pilot and owner instead (vv. 1-12). A gentle south wind tempts the crew to sail on from Fair Havens, but a violent northeaster soon drives the ship out to sea, forcing the crew to undergird the hull and eventually throw cargo and tackle overboard (vv. 13-19). After many days without sun or stars, all hope of survival is abandoned, until Paul stands up and announces that an angel of God has told him no lives will be lost, though the ship will run aground on an island (vv. 20-26). On the fourteenth night, sensing land is near, the sailors try to escape in the ship's boat, but Paul warns that all must stay aboard to be saved, and the soldiers cut the boat loose (vv. 27-32). Paul urges everyone to eat for their strength, and after he gives thanks, all 276 aboard eat and are encouraged, then lighten the ship further by throwing the grain into the sea (vv. 33-38). At daylight the ship runs aground and begins breaking apart in the surf, and though the soldiers want to kill the prisoners to prevent escape, the centurion intervenes to save Paul, and everyone reaches the island of Malta safely by swimming or clinging to debris, exactly as Paul had promised (vv. 39-44).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Caesarea to Myra (vv.1-5): Paul sailed from Caesarea, stopped at Sidon (Phoenicia), passed south of Cyprus, and reached Myra in Lycia (southern coast of Asia Minor).
- Fair Havens, Crete (v.8): The ship sailed along the south coast of Crete, struggling against winds. They stopped at Fair Havens near the city of Lasea.
- The shipwreck at Malta (v.41): After 14 days adrift in the Adriatic Sea (the central Mediterranean), the ship ran aground on the island of Malta, south of Sicily.
- The voyage covers approximately 2,000 miles — one of the most detailed sea narratives in ancient literature.
Places on this map
- CaesareaCaesarea, IsraelHerod built an artificial deep-water harbor on an open coast that had none, and it became the Roman administrative capital of Judea. Paul was held here two years and sailed for Rome from it; it is also where the gospel first went to a Gentile household. Wikipedia
- SidonSidon, LebanonA Phoenician harbor city 25 miles north of Tyre and about 60 miles from Nazareth. Older than Tyre and often paired with it; Jezebel came from its royal house, and Elijah was fed by a widow in its territory at Zarephath. Wikipedia
- Phoeniciacoastal LebanonA narrow strip of coast backed hard against the Lebanon range, with too little farmland to feed itself and excellent harbors. That combination made its cities trade by sea, plant colonies as far as Spain, and supply Israel with timber, craftsmen and Jezebel. Wikipedia
- CreteCrete, GreeceA long mountainous island across the southern Aegean, about 160 miles end to end, with the shipping lane running along its southern coast. Paul's grain ship sheltered there before the storm, and Titus was left to organize its churches. Wikipedia
- MaltaMaltaA small limestone island 60 miles south of Sicily, in the middle of the Mediterranean narrows. Fourteen days adrift from Crete puts a drifting ship almost exactly here, which is one reason the Acts account reads as a sailor's record. Wikipedia
- Mediterranean SeaCalled simply the Great Sea, and treated as the western edge of the world. Israel's coast has almost no natural harbors, so for most of its history the sea was a boundary rather than a road, and seafaring was left to the Phoenicians. Wikipedia
- CyprusCyprusThe large island 60 miles off the Syrian coast, a copper source since the Bronze Age. Barnabas came from here, and it was the first stop of the first missionary journey. Wikipedia
- Asia MinorTurkeyThe peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, a high dry plateau ringed by mountains with the Greek cities on its western coast. Roman Asia, the province Paul worked from Ephesus, was only its western end. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Deep Dive
Setting: Autumn of about AD 59. Paul has appealed to Caesar, and Festus sends him to Rome under guard. Luke's "we" returns, so Luke is on board and writing as an eyewitness. The result is one of the most detailed accounts of a sea voyage to survive from the ancient world. In 1848 James Smith, a Scottish yachtsman, sailed and studied the route himself. He found Luke's winds, soundings and drift rates so exact that only someone who had been on that ship could have written them. The chapter is an adventure story, but it is also about how God keeps his word through a storm, and about a prisoner who becomes the real captain.
Paul Sails for Rome (vv1–12)
- "A centurion of the Augustan Cohort named Julius" (v1). This was an imperial unit, possibly one used for official business such as escorting prisoners. Julius treats Paul well throughout (vv3, 43; 28:16). Some guess he had been in the audience hall when Paul spoke before Agrippa (25:23).
- "Accompanied by Aristarchus" (v2). He was a Thessalonian veteran of the Ephesus riot (19:29) and a fellow prisoner in Rome (Col 4:10). Paul also has Luke ("we"). Some suggest the two traveled as Paul's attendants, perhaps even as his slaves, since a citizen of standing was allowed servants. The ship of Adramyttium was a coasting vessel working its way home along Asia Minor.
- "Julius treated Paul kindly and gave him leave to go to his friends" (v3). At Sidon there were believers, probably from the scattering after Stephen (11:19). After two years in custody, the church cares for Paul.
- "Under the lee of Cyprus, because the winds were against us" (v4). The prevailing summer winds in the eastern Mediterranean blow from the west and northwest. So the ship hugs the coasts and islands for shelter.
- "A ship of Alexandria sailing for Italy" (v6). At Myra they transfer to a ship from Egypt's grain fleet. Rome lived on Egyptian wheat, and the government protected these large state-contracted freighters. Grain ships sailed north to Asia Minor and then west because of those same winds.
- "Fair Havens, near which was the city of Lasea" (v8). This was a small bay on Crete's south coast, sheltered from the north but open to the winter storms. Ruins of Lasea were found nearby in 1856.
- "Even the Fast was already over" (v9). "The Fast" is the Day of Atonement (Lev 16:29–31), in late September or early October. Roman sailors considered sea travel dangerous from mid-September and closed it from about mid-November until spring. They were already in the danger season.
- "I perceive that the voyage will be with injury and much loss… also of our lives" (v10). Paul had sailed a great deal. By this point he had already been shipwrecked three times, once spending a night and a day adrift (2 Cor 11:25). This sounds like experienced judgment rather than a prophecy. Later God will reveal that no lives will be lost (v22), which shows God's mercy beyond Paul's own forecast.
- "The centurion paid more attention to the pilot and to the owner of the ship" (v11). That was reasonable. They were the experts, and the owner had a cargo and a profit at stake. "The majority decided" (v12) to try for Phoenix, a better winter harbor about 40 miles west. Majority opinion and expert advice were both wrong.
- Commentators: Henry compares Paul among the prisoners to Christ crucified between thieves. He notes Julius knew a Paul was "not to be used as common prisoners." On Fair Havens he writes: "Every fair haven is not a safe haven; nay, there may be most danger where there is most pleasure." JFB relies on James Smith's study (Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul) for the geography of Lasea and Fair Havens. Guzik observes that Julius's favor is why Paul could bring companions at all. Henry's concise commentary adds that it was "determined by the counsel of God, before it was determined by the counsel of Festus, that Paul should go to Rome."
The Storm at Sea (vv13–38)
- "When the south wind blew gently, supposing that they had obtained their purpose" (v13). A gentle south wind looked perfect for a few hours' run along the coast. It is the classic picture of false security.
- "A tempestuous wind, called the northeaster" (v14). The Greek is Eurakylōn, a sailors' blend of Greek Euros (east wind) and Latin Aquilo (north wind): an east-northeaster. Older manuscripts behind the KJV read "Euroclydon." "Tempestuous" is typhōnikos, the root of "typhoon." It "struck down from the land," rushing off Crete's 8,000-foot mountains.
- "Could not face the wind… driven along" (v15). The ship couldn't turn its bow into the gale, so it ran before it.
- Cauda and the ship's boat (vv16–17). Behind the small island of Cauda (modern Gavdos) they had a few minutes of shelter. They hauled aboard the dinghy that had been towing behind, now swamped. Then they "used supports to undergird the ship," passing cables under the hull to hold the timbers together (called "frapping"). They feared the Syrtis, notorious quicksands and shoals off Libya, hundreds of miles south but directly downwind. They "lowered the gear," most likely a sea anchor (the ESV note) or the heavy mainyard, to slow the drift.
- Cargo, then tackle (vv18–19). First they throw cargo overboard, like Jonah's sailors (Jon 1:5). Then "with their own hands" they throw out the ship's spare gear. Luke's "we" in v19 in some manuscripts would mean even the passengers helped.
- "Neither sun nor stars appeared for many days" (v20). Without a compass, sailors navigated by sun and stars. Blind, leaking and soaked, "all hope of our being saved was at last abandoned." Luke includes himself in that hopelessness.
- "Men, you should have listened to me" (v21). It is an "I told you so," but with a purpose. Paul wants them to trust what he says next because his first warning was right.
- "There will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship" (v22). This is the turning point.
- "An angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I worship" (v23). That is a confession to a pagan crowd in two verbs, belonging and serving. Paul isn't a man with a god. He belongs to God.
- "Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar" (v24). "Must" (dei) is God's necessity again (19:21; 23:11). "God has granted you all those who sail with you." "Granted" (charizomai) means given as a gift of grace. It suggests Paul had been praying for them. 275 lives are spared for the sake of one man and his prayers, the way God would have spared Sodom for ten righteous people (Gen 18:32).
- "I have faith in God that it will be exactly as I have been told" (v25). Faith here is taking God at his word before there is any evidence. "But we must run aground on some island" (v26). The promise doesn't mean no wreck. It means no deaths.
- "The fourteenth night… the Adriatic Sea" (v27). In ancient usage "Adria" meant the whole central Mediterranean between Greece, Italy and Africa, not today's narrower Adriatic. Smith calculated that a ship drifting under these conditions would cover the roughly 475 miles from Cauda to Malta in about thirteen days. That fits Luke's fourteen nights closely.
- "Twenty fathoms… fifteen fathoms" (v28). That is about 120 feet, then 90 feet. They are closing on land fast in the dark. "Four anchors from the stern" kept the bow pointed toward shore, ready to run aground at daylight. They "prayed for day to come."
- "Unless these men stay in the ship, you cannot be saved" (vv30–32). The sailors try to slip away in the boat. Paul sees it and warns the centurion, and now, unlike at Fair Havens, the Roman listens. God's promise does not cancel the means God uses. Paul believes God will save them all, and he still insists the sailors stay at their posts. The soldiers cut the boat loose. It was an act of faith, though a costly one, since the boat might have been useful at the beach.
- "Take some food… not a hair is to perish from the head of any of you" (vv33–34). Fear and seasickness had kept them from eating properly for two weeks. "Not a hair" echoes Jesus (Luke 21:18). "It will give you strength" is literally "for your salvation" (sōtēria). In Luke's vocabulary, physical rescue points toward the greater salvation.
- "He took bread, and giving thanks to God in the presence of all he broke it and began to eat" (v35). The four verbs, took, gave thanks, broke, ate, are the same ones Luke uses for the feeding of the five thousand (Luke 9:16), the Last Supper (22:19) and Emmaus (24:30). Most take this as an ordinary meal, not the Lord's Supper, since nearly everyone aboard was pagan. But Luke's wording is deliberate. A prisoner gives thanks to God in front of 275 terrified men, and they eat and take courage.
- "276 persons in the ship" (v37). That is realistic for a large grain carrier. Josephus sailed to Rome around this time on a ship carrying about 600, which also sank. Some manuscripts read "about 76," but 276 is the better-supported reading.
- "Throwing out the wheat into the sea" (v38). To float the ship as high as possible for beaching, they throw overboard the very cargo the voyage was for.
- Commentators: Henry describes the ship as "kicked like a football from wave to wave." He observes that during the storm Paul "hid himself among them, was one of the crowd," but once hope was gone, "though a prisoner, undertook to be their counsellor and comforter." He reckons "one Paul among them worth more than all the rest." He reads the angel's "fear not" through Isaiah 8:12: "fear not their fear." His concise commentary adds that when sinners "give up all hope of saving themselves, they are prepared to understand God's word." JFB, following Smith, identifies the wind as east-northeast, "which answers all the effects here ascribed to it." It takes "lowered the gear" as the heavy mainyard and sail. Guzik calls Paul's "you should have listened" an understandable and justified "I told you so," given only to win a hearing for the hope that followed. The Tyndale notes contrast Paul's leadership with Jonah's: Jonah slept below decks while the sailors prayed, but Paul leads the sailors to God.
The Shipwreck (vv39–44)
- "A bay with a beach" (v39). Tradition and Smith's survey place this at St. Paul's Bay on Malta's northeast coast. Its soundings still match verse 28.
- "Loosening the ropes that tied the rudders… hoisting the foresail" (v40). Ancient ships steered with two large steering oars, one on each side, which had been lashed up during the storm. The foresail (artemōn) was a small sail at the bow, used to steer toward the beach.
- "Striking a reef" (v41). Literally "a place where two seas meet" (topos dithalassos). This was probably a sandbar or channel where cross-currents meet, like the narrow channel between Malta and the islet of Salmonetta. The bow sticks fast in the clay, and the stern breaks apart in the surf.
- "The soldiers' plan was to kill the prisoners" (v42). Roman guards paid with their own lives for escaped prisoners (12:19; 16:27). Killing them was the safe move.
- "But the centurion, wishing to save Paul, kept them from carrying out their plan" (v43). For the second time, Paul's presence saves everyone. The centurion who once ignored him (v11) now protects him at his own risk.
- "Some… on planks or on pieces of the ship. And so it was that all were brought safely to land" (v44). All 276 survive, exactly as God promised (v24). "Brought safely" (diasōzō) means saved through. They were not kept out of the storm. They were brought through it.
- Commentators: Henry notes they "escaped with their lives and that was all, and that was for Paul's sake." Earlier, Paul had been in danger of being killed along with the other prisoners for their sake. Now they were spared for his. JFB, with Smith, points to St. Paul's Bay as matching every detail. Guzik and the Tyndale notes agree: the survival of every person shows God's word kept to the letter.
Pointing to Christ
The storm doesn't stop God's purpose. It carries Paul toward Rome. Jesus once slept in a boat through a storm and woke to calm the sea (Luke 8:22–25). Here the sea isn't calmed, but the promise holds: no one is lost. A prisoner in chains becomes the one through whom 275 others are saved, by his presence, his prayers and the word he passes on from God. That pattern points beyond Paul to the one who said, "of all that he has given me I should lose nothing" (John 6:39). He went down into the deep himself so that everyone who belongs to him would be brought safely through.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the voyage, the storm, Paul's leadership, and the shipwreck as a picture of faith in crisis.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Acts -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
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Reflection
- When Warnings Go Unheeded (vv.9-11) — Paul warns that the voyage will end in disaster, but the centurion trusts the ship's pilot and owner instead. Whose voice do you tend to trust when it conflicts with a wiser but less convenient warning?
- Hope Gone, Faith Still Standing (v.20) — After days of storm with no sun or stars, all hope of being saved is abandoned — yet Paul still stands up to speak. What sustains your faith when circumstances have stripped away every visible reason for hope?
- A Life That Becomes Other People's Lifeline (v.24) — An angel tells Paul God has spared everyone on the ship because of him, and Paul relays that promise to 276 frightened strangers. How is your walk with God becoming a source of stability for the people around you in their own storms?
- Taking God at His Word (v.25) — Paul tells the crew he believes God exactly as it was told to him, with no evidence yet in sight. Is your confidence in God's promises built on what you can already see, or on trusting His word before the outcome arrives?
- Faith That Still Eats Breakfast (v.34) — Even while trusting God's promise of survival, Paul urges everyone to eat and keep up their strength for what's ahead. What would it look like for you to hold onto both spiritual trust and practical wisdom instead of picking one over the other?