Acts — Chapter 23

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1And Paul, earnestly beholding the council, said, Men and brethren, I have lived in all good conscience before God until this day.

2And the high priest Ananias commanded them that stood by him to smite him on the mouth.

3Then said Paul unto him, God shall smite thee, thou whited wall: for sittest thou to judge me after the law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the law?

4And they that stood by said, Revilest thou God’s high priest?

5Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.

6But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees, and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee: of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question.

7And when he had so said, there arose a dissension between the Pharisees and the Sadducees: and the multitude was divided.

8For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both.

9And there arose a great cry: and the scribes that were of the Pharisees’ part arose, and strove, saying, We find no evil in this man: but if a spirit or an angel hath spoken to him, let us not fight against God.

10And when there arose a great dissension, the chief captain, fearing lest Paul should have been pulled in pieces of them, commanded the soldiers to go down, and to take him by force from among them, and to bring him into the castle.

11And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.

12And when it was day, certain of the Jews banded together, and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul.

13And they were more than forty which had made this conspiracy.

14And they came to the chief priests and elders, and said, We have bound ourselves under a great curse, that we will eat nothing until we have slain Paul.

15Now therefore ye with the council signify to the chief captain that he bring him down unto you to morrow, as though ye would enquire something more perfectly concerning him: and we, or ever he come near, are ready to kill him.

16And when Paul’s sister’s son heard of their lying in wait, he went and entered into the castle, and told Paul.

17Then Paul called one of the centurions unto him, and said, Bring this young man unto the chief captain: for he hath a certain thing to tell him.

18So he took him, and brought him to the chief captain, and said, Paul the prisoner called me unto him, and prayed me to bring this young man unto thee, who hath something to say unto thee.

19Then the chief captain took him by the hand, and went with him aside privately, and asked him, What is that thou hast to tell me?

20And he said, The Jews have agreed to desire thee that thou wouldest bring down Paul to morrow into the council, as though they would enquire somewhat of him more perfectly.

21But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee.

22So the chief captain then let the young man depart, and charged him, See thou tell no man that thou hast shewed these things to me.

23And he called unto him two centurions, saying, Make ready two hundred soldiers to go to Caesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night;

24And provide them beasts, that they may set Paul on, and bring him safe unto Felix the governor.

25And he wrote a letter after this manner:

26Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting.

27This man was taken of the Jews, and should have been killed of them: then came I with an army, and rescued him, having understood that he was a Roman.

28And when I would have known the cause wherefore they accused him, I brought him forth into their council:

29Whom I perceived to be accused of questions of their law, but to have nothing laid to his charge worthy of death or of bonds.

30And when it was told me how that the Jews laid wait for the man, I sent straightway to thee, and gave commandment to his accusers also to say before thee what they had against him. Farewell.

31Then the soldiers, as it was commanded them, took Paul, and brought him by night to Antipatris.

32On the morrow they left the horsemen to go with him, and returned to the castle:

33Who, when they came to Caesarea, and delivered the epistle to the governor, presented Paul also before him.

34And when the governor had read the letter, he asked of what province he was. And when he understood that he was of Cilicia;

35I will hear thee, said he, when thine accusers are also come. And he commanded him to be kept in Herod’s judgment hall.

1And Paul, looking stedfastly on the council, said, Brethren, I have lived before God in all good conscience until this day.

2And the high priest Ananias commanded them that stood by him to smite him on the mouth.

3Then said Paul unto him, God shall smite thee, thou whited wall: and sittest thou to judge me according to the law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the law?

4And they that stood by said, Revilest thou God`s high priest?

5And Paul said, I knew not, brethren, that he was high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of a ruler of thy people.

6But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Brethren, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees: touching the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question.

7And when he had so said, there arose a dissension between the Pharisees and Sadducees; and the assembly was divided.

8For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit; but the Pharisees confess both.

9And there arose a great clamor: and some of the scribes of the Pharisees part stood up, and strove, saying, We find no evil in this man: and what if a spirit hath spoken to him, or an angel?

10And when there arose a great dissension, the chief captain, fearing lest Paul should be torn in pieces by them, commanded the soldiers to go down and take him by force from among them, and bring him into the castle.

11And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer: for as thou hast testified concerning me at Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.

12And when it was day, the Jews banded together, and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul.

13And they were more than forty that made this conspiracy.

14And they came to the chief priests and the elders, and said, We have bound ourselves under a great curse, to taste nothing until we have killed Paul.

15Now therefore do ye with the council signify to the chief captain that he bring him down unto you, as though ye would judge of his case more exactly: and we, before he comes near, are ready to slay him.

16But Paul`s sister`s son heard of their lying in wait, and he came and entered into the castle and told Paul.

17And Paul called unto him one of the centurions, and said, Bring this young man unto the chief captain; for he hath something to tell him.

18So he took him, and brought him to the chief captain, and saith, Paul the prisoner called me unto him, and asked me to bring this young man unto thee, who hath something to say to thee.

19And the chief captain took him by the hand, and going aside asked him privately, What is it that thou hast to tell me?

20And he said, The Jews have agreed to ask thee to bring down Paul tomorrow unto the council, as though thou wouldest inquire somewhat more exactly concerning him.

21Do not thou therefore yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, who have bound themselves under a curse, neither to eat nor to drink till they have slain him: and now are they ready, looking for the promise from thee.

22So the chief captain let the young man go, charging him, Tell no man that thou hast signified these things to me.

23And he called unto him two of the centurions, and said, Make ready two hundred soldiers to go as far as Caesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night:

24and [he bade them] provide beasts, that they might set Paul thereon, and bring him safe unto Felix the governor.

25And he wrote a letter after this form:

26Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix, greeting.

27This man was seized by the Jews, and was about to be slain of them, when I came upon them with the soldiers and rescued him, having learned that he was a Roman.

28And desiring to know the cause wherefore they accused him, I brought him down unto their council:

29whom I found to be accused about questions of their law, but to have nothing laid to his charge worthy of death or of bonds.

30And when it was shown to me that there would be a plot against the man, I sent him to thee forthwith, charging his accusers also to speak against him before thee.

31So the soldiers, as it was commanded them, took Paul and brought him by night to Antipatris.

32But on the morrow they left the horsemen to go with him, and returned to the castle:

33and they, when they came to Caesarea and delivered the letter to the governor, presented Paul also before him.

34And when he had read it, he asked of what province he was; and when he understood that he was of Cilicia,

35I will hear thee fully, said he, when thine accusers also are come: and he commanded him to be kept in Herod`s palace.

1Paul looked directly at the council and said, “Brothers, I have lived my life with a clear conscience before God to this day.”

2At that the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth.

3Then Paul said to him, “God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! Do you sit there judging me according to the law, and in violation of the law you order me to be struck?”

4Those standing near him said, “Do you dare insult God’s high priest?”

5Paul replied, “I did not realize, brothers, that he was the high priest, for it is written, ‘You must not speak evil about a ruler of your people.’”

6Then when Paul noticed that part of them were Sadducees and the others Pharisees, he shouted out in the council, “Brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. I am on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection of the dead!”

7When he said this, an argument began between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, and the assembly was divided.

8(For the Sadducees say there is no resurrection, or angel, or spirit, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all.)

9There was a great commotion, and some experts in the law from the party of the Pharisees stood up and protested strongly, “We find nothing wrong with this man. What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”

10When the argument became so great the commanding officer feared that they would tear Paul to pieces, he ordered the detachment to go down, take him away from them by force, and bring him into the barracks.

11The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, “Have courage, for just as you have testified about me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome.”

12When morning came, the Jews formed a conspiracy and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink anything until they had killed Paul.

13There were more than forty of them who formed this conspiracy.

14They went to the chief priests and the elders and said, “We have bound ourselves with a solemn oath not to partake of anything until we have killed Paul.

15So now you and the council request the commanding officer to bring him down to you, as if you were going to determine his case by conducting a more thorough inquiry. We are ready to kill him before he comes near this place.”

16But when the son of Paul’s sister heard about the ambush, he came and entered the barracks and told Paul.

17Paul called one of the centurions and said, “Take this young man to the commanding officer, for he has something to report to him.”

18So the centurion took him and brought him to the commanding officer and said, “The prisoner Paul called me and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you.”

19The commanding officer took him by the hand, withdrew privately, and asked, “What is it that you want to report to me?”

20He replied, “The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul down to the council tomorrow, as if they were going to inquire more thoroughly about him.

21So do not let them persuade you to do this because more than forty of them are lying in ambush for him. They have bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink anything until they have killed him, and now they are ready, waiting for you to agree to their request.”

22Then the commanding officer sent the young man away, directing him, “Tell no one that you have reported these things to me.”

23Then he summoned two of the centurions and said, “Make ready 200 soldiers to go to Caesarea along with 70 horsemen and 200 spearmen by nine o’clock tonight,

24and provide mounts for Paul to ride so that he may be brought safely to Felix the governor.”

25He wrote a letter that went like this:

26Claudius Lysias to His Excellency Governor Felix, greetings.

27This man was seized by the Jews and they were about to kill him, when I came up with the detachment and rescued him because I had learned that he was a Roman citizen.

28Since I wanted to know what charge they were accusing him of, I brought him down to their council.

29I found he was accused with reference to controversial questions about their law, but no charge against him deserved death or imprisonment.

30When I was informed there would be a plot against this man, I sent him to you at once, also ordering his accusers to state their charges against him before you.

31So the soldiers, in accordance with their orders, took Paul and brought him to Antipatris during the night.

32The next day they let the horsemen go on with him, and they returned to the barracks.

33When the horsemen came to Caesarea and delivered the letter to the governor, they also presented Paul to him.

34When the governor had read the letter, he asked what province he was from. When he learned that he was from Cilicia,

35he said, “I will give you a hearing when your accusers arrive too.” Then he ordered that Paul be kept under guard in Herod’s palace.

1Paul, looking steadfastly at the council, said, “Brothers, I have lived before God in all good conscience until today.”

2The high priest, Ananias, commanded those who stood by him to strike him on the mouth.

3Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! Do you sit to judge me according to the law, and command me to be struck contrary to the law?”

4Those who stood by said, “Do you malign God’s high priest?”

5Paul said, “I didn’t know, brothers, that he was high priest. For it is written, ‘You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people.’”

6But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, “Men and brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. Concerning the hope and resurrection of the dead I am being judged!”

7When he had said this, an argument arose between the Pharisees and Sadducees, and the crowd was divided.

8For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, nor angel, nor spirit; but the Pharisees confess all of these.

9A great clamor arose, and some of the scribes of the Pharisees’ part stood up, and contended, saying, “We find no evil in this man. But if a spirit or angel has spoken to him, let’s not fight against God!”

10When a great argument arose, the commanding officer, fearing that Paul would be torn in pieces by them, commanded the soldiers to go down and take him by force from among them, and bring him into the barracks.

11The following night, the Lord stood by him, and said, “Cheer up, Paul, for as you have testified about me at Jerusalem, so you must testify also at Rome.”

12When it was day, some of the Jews banded together, and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink until they had killed Paul.

13There were more than forty people who had made this conspiracy.

14They came to the chief priests and the elders, and said, “We have bound ourselves under a great curse, to taste nothing until we have killed Paul.

15Now therefore, you with the council inform the commanding officer that he should bring him down to you tomorrow, as though you were going to judge his case more exactly. We are ready to kill him before he comes near.”

16But Paul’s sister’s son heard they were lying in wait, and he came and entered into the barracks and told Paul.

17Paul summoned one of the centurions, and said, “Bring this young man to the commanding officer, for he has something to tell him.”

18So he took him, and brought him to the commanding officer, and said, “Paul, the prisoner, summoned me and asked me to bring this young man to you, who has something to tell you.”

19The commanding officer took him by the hand, and going aside, asked him privately, “What is it that you have to tell me?”

20He said, “The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul down to the council tomorrow, as though intending to inquire somewhat more accurately concerning him.

21Therefore don’t yield to them, for more than forty men lie in wait for him, who have bound themselves under a curse neither to eat nor to drink until they have killed him. Now they are ready, looking for the promise from you.”

22So the commanding officer let the young man go, charging him, “Tell no one that you have revealed these things to me.”

23He called to himself two of the centurions, and said, “Prepare two hundred soldiers to go as far as Caesarea, with seventy horsemen, and two hundred men armed with spears, at the third hour of the night.”

24He asked them to provide animals, that they might set Paul on one, and bring him safely to Felix the governor.

25He wrote a letter like this:

26“Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor Felix: Greetings.

27“This man was seized by the Jews, and was about to be killed by them, when I came with the soldiers and rescued him, having learned that he was a Roman.

28Desiring to know the cause why they accused him, I brought him down to their council.

29I found him to be accused about questions of their law, but not to be charged with anything worthy of death or of imprisonment.

30When I was told that the Jews lay in wait for the man, I sent him to you immediately, charging his accusers also to bring their accusations against him before you. Farewell.”

31So the soldiers, carrying out their orders, took Paul and brought him by night to Antipatris.

32But on the next day they left the horsemen to go with him, and returned to the barracks.

33When they came to Caesarea and delivered the letter to the governor, they also presented Paul to him.

34When the governor had read it, he asked what province he was from. When he understood that he was from Cilicia, he said,

35“I will hear you fully when your accusers also arrive.” He commanded that he be kept in Herod’s palace.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Paul divides the Sanhedrin by declaring himself a Pharisee who believes in the resurrection, the Lord appears to him at night saying "Take courage — you must testify in Rome also," and a plot to assassinate him is foiled as he is transferred to Caesarea.

Authorship & Background

Author: Luke (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 23 records Paul before the Sanhedrin (vv.1-10), the Lord's encouragement to Paul (v.11), the assassination plot (vv.12-22), and Paul's transfer to Caesarea under heavy military guard (vv.23-35).
Paul Before the Sanhedrin (vv.1-10): Paul divides the council by declaring himself a Pharisee on trial for "the hope and resurrection of the dead" (v.6). The Pharisees and Sadducees immediately turn on each other — the Pharisees defending Paul and the Sadducees attacking him. Paul uses their theological division strategically.
The Lord's Encouragement (v.11): "Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome." In Paul's darkest moment — arrested, beaten, threatened with death — the Lord appears personally to encourage him and confirm his future: Rome. This guarantees Paul will survive everything between now and Rome.
The Assassination Plot (vv.12-22): Over 40 men take an oath to kill Paul — refusing to eat or drink until he is dead. Paul's nephew discovers the plot and reports it. God uses a young man's courage and Roman military efficiency to protect His servant. Providence works through ordinary means.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem / the Sanhedrin (v.1): Paul was brought before the Sanhedrin (Jewish council) in Jerusalem.
  • The Antonia Fortress (v.10): Paul was taken back to the Roman barracks for his protection.
  • Caesarea (v.23): Paul was transferred under heavy guard from Jerusalem to Caesarea (about 60 miles northwest) — 200 soldiers, 70 horsemen, 200 spearmen escorted him by night.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Paul's strategy before the Sanhedrin, the Lord's encouragement, the assassination plot, and the transfer to Caesarea.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "Be of Good Cheer" on v.11 (MTP Vol. 10, No. 622) "Be of good cheer, Paul — the Lord stood by him. In the night. In the prison. After the beating. After the riot. The Lord stood by him. That is what sustains a man — not the absence of trouble but the presence of Christ in the trouble." Sermon: "God's Providence" on vv.12-24 (MTP Vol. 22, No. 1357) "Forty men swore to kill Paul — and a boy overheard them. God's providence works through ordinary means: a nephew's ears, a centurion's obedience, a tribune's caution. God doesn't always use miracles; He often uses people."

Reflection

  • 1. "Be of good cheer, Paul" (v.11). In Paul's darkest moment, the Lord stood by him personally. When you are at your lowest — arrested by circumstances, beaten by life, surrounded by enemies — Christ stands by you. Do you believe that? How does His presence change your situation?
  • 2. The Lord said "so must thou bear witness also at Rome" (v.11). Paul's future was guaranteed by God's word. Nothing between Jerusalem and Rome could kill him. Do you have a sense of God's purpose for your life that gives you confidence despite opposition?
  • 3. God used Paul's nephew — a young man with information and courage — to save Paul's life (v.16). God often works through ordinary people in ordinary ways. Are you available to be used by God in someone else's story?
  • 4. Paul used his knowledge of the Pharisee/Sadducee divide strategically (v.6). He was "wise as a serpent" while being "harmless as a dove." How do you use wisdom and strategy in navigating hostile environments?
  • 5. Paul claimed "I have lived in all good conscience" (v.1). A clear conscience is a powerful foundation for bold witness. Is your conscience clear? If not, what needs to be confessed or made right?
  • 6. The Lord appeared to Paul "the night following" (v.11) — after the worst day. God often speaks in the night after the storm. When did God last encourage you after a difficult season? Are you listening for His voice in your current darkness?
  • 7. Forty men swore to kill Paul (v.12). The opposition was intense and organized. Yet God's plan prevailed through a boy's overheard conversation. How does knowing that no conspiracy can thwart God's purposes give you peace?
  • 8. Paul was transferred under guard of 470 soldiers (v.23) — for one prisoner. God used the Roman military to protect His apostle. How has God used unlikely or even hostile institutions to protect or advance His purposes in your life?
  • 9. The chapter ends with Paul in custody — waiting. Much of the Christian life is waiting. How do you handle seasons of waiting and uncertainty? What sustains you when God's plan seems stalled?