Acts — Chapter 15

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1And certain men which came down from Judaea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.

2When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question.

3And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.

4And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.

5But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.

6And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.

7And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.

8And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;

9And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.

10Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

11But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.

12Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them.

13And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and brethren, hearken unto me:

14Simeon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.

15And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,

16After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:

17That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.

18Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world.

19Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God:

20But that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood.

21For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.

22Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:

23And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia:

24Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:

25It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,

26Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

27We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth.

28For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;

29That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well.

30So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle:

31Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation.

32And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.

33And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles.

34Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still.

35Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.

36And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.

37And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.

38But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.

39And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;

40And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.

41And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

1And certain men came down from Judaea and taught the brethren, [saying], Except ye be circumcised after the custom of Moses, ye cannot be saved.

2And when Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and questioning with them, [the brethren] appointed that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question.

3They therefore, being brought on their way by the church, passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.

4And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church and the apostles and the elders, and they rehearsed all things that God had done with them.

5But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees who believed, saying, It is needful to circumcise them, and to charge them to keep the law of Moses.

6And the apostles and the elders were gathered together to consider of this matter.

7And when there had been much questioning, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Brethren, ye know that a good while ago God made choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.

8And God, who knoweth the heart, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as he did unto us;

9and he made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith.

10Now therefore why make ye trial of God, that ye should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

11But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in like manner as they.

12And all the multitude kept silence; and they hearkened unto Barnabas and Paul rehearsing what signs and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles through them.

13And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Brethren, hearken unto me:

14Symeon hath rehearsed how first God visited the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.

15And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,

16After these things I will return, And I will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen; And I will build again the ruins thereof, And I will set it up:

17That the residue of men may seek after the Lord, And all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called,

18Saith the Lord, who maketh these things known from of old.

19Wherefore my judgment is, that we trouble not them that from among the Gentiles turn to God;

20but that we write unto them, that they abstain from the pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from what is strangled, and from blood.

21For Moses from generations of old hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath.

22Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to choose men out of their company, and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; [namely], Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:

23and they wrote [thus] by them, The apostles and the elders, brethren, unto the brethren who are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, greeting:

24Forasmuch as we have heard that certain who went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls; to whom we gave no commandment;

25it seemed good unto us, having come to one accord, to choose out men and send them unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,

26men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

27We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who themselves also shall tell you the same things by word of mouth.

28For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things:

29that ye abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication; from which if ye keep yourselves, it shall be well with you. Fare ye well.

30So they, when they were dismissed, came down to Antioch; and having gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle.

31And when they had read it, they rejoiced for the consolation.

32And Judas and Silas, being themselves also prophets, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.

33And after they had spent some time [there], they were dismissed in peace from the brethren unto those that had sent them forth.

34[But it seemed good unto Silas to abide there.]

35But Paul and Barnabas tarried in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.

36And after some days Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us return now and visit the brethren in every city wherein we proclaimed the word of the Lord, [and see] how they fare.

37And Barnabas was minded to take with them John also, who was called Mark.

38But Paul thought not good to take with them him who withdrew from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.

39And there arose a sharp contention, so that they parted asunder one from the other, and Barnabas took Mark with him, and sailed away unto Cyprus;

40but Paul choose Silas, and went forth, being commended by the brethren to the grace of the Lord.

41And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

1Now some men came down from Judea and began to teach the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.”

2When Paul and Barnabas had a major argument and debate with them, the church appointed Paul and Barnabas and some others from among them to go up to meet with the apostles and elders in Jerusalem about this point of disagreement.

3So they were sent on their way by the church, and as they passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, they were relating at length the conversion of the Gentiles and bringing great joy to all the brothers.

4When they arrived in Jerusalem, they were received by the church and the apostles and the elders, and they reported all the things God had done with them.

5But some from the religious party of the Pharisees who had believed stood up and said, “It is necessary to circumcise the Gentiles and to order them to observe the law of Moses.”

6Both the apostles and the elders met together to deliberate about this matter.

7After there had been much debate, Peter stood up and said to them, “Brothers, you know that some time ago God chose me to preach to the Gentiles so they would hear the message of the gospel and believe.

8And God, who knows the heart, has testified to them by giving them the Holy Spirit just as he did to us,

9and he made no distinction between them and us, cleansing their hearts by faith.

10So now why are you putting God to the test by placing on the neck of the disciples a yoke that neither our ancestors nor we have been able to bear?

11On the contrary, we believe that we are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in the same way as they are.”

12The whole group kept quiet and listened to Barnabas and Paul while they explained all the miraculous signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles through them.

13After they stopped speaking, James replied, “Brothers, listen to me.

14Simeon has explained how God first concerned himself to select from among the Gentiles a people for his name.

15The words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written,

16‘After this I will return,and I will rebuild the fallen tent of David;I will rebuild its ruins and restore it,

17so that the rest of humanity may seek the Lord,namely, all the Gentiles I have called to be my own,’ says the Lord, who makes these things

18known from long ago.

19“Therefore I conclude that we should not cause extra difficulty for those among the Gentiles who are turning to God,

20but that we should write them a letter telling them to abstain from things defiled by idols and from sexual immorality and from what has been strangled and from blood.

21For Moses has had those who proclaim him in every town from ancient times, because he is read aloud in the synagogues every Sabbath.”

22Then the apostles and elders, with the whole church, decided to send men chosen from among them, Judas called Barsabbas and Silas, leaders among the brothers, to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas.

23They sent this letter with them: From the apostles and elders, your brothers, to the Gentile brothers and sisters in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia, greetings!

24Since we have heard that some have gone out from among us with no orders from us and have confused you, upsetting your minds by what they said,

25we have unanimously decided to choose men to send to you along with our dear friends Barnabas and Paul,

26who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

27Therefore we are sending Judas and Silas who will tell you these things themselves in person.

28For it seemed best to the Holy Spirit and to us not to place any greater burden on you than these necessary rules:

29that you abstain from meat that has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what has been strangled and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from doing these things, you will do well. Farewell.

30So when they were dismissed, they went down to Antioch, and after gathering the entire group together, they delivered the letter.

31When they read it aloud, the people rejoiced at its encouragement.

32Both Judas and Silas, who were prophets themselves, encouraged and strengthened the brothers with a long speech.

33After they had spent some time there, they were sent off in peace by the brothers to those who had sent them.

34[This verse is not included in the NET; see KJV/ASV for the traditional rendering.]

35But Paul and Barnabas remained in Antioch, teaching and proclaiming (along with many others) the word of the Lord.

36After some days Paul said to Barnabas, “Let’s return and visit the brothers in every town where we proclaimed the word of the Lord to see how they are doing.”

37Barnabas wanted to bring John called Mark along with them too,

38but Paul insisted that they should not take along this one who had left them in Pamphylia and had not accompanied them in the work.

39They had a sharp disagreement, so that they parted company. Barnabas took along Mark and sailed away to Cyprus,

40but Paul chose Silas and set out, commended to the grace of the Lord by the brothers and sisters.

41He passed through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.

1Some men came down from Judea and taught the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised after the custom of Moses, you can’t be saved.”

2Therefore when Paul and Barnabas had no small discord and discussion with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas, and some others of them, to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders about this question.

3They, being sent on their way by the assembly, passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles. They caused great joy to all the brothers.

4When they had come to Jerusalem, they were received by the assembly and the apostles and the elders, and they reported all things that God had done with them.

5But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.”

6The apostles and the elders were gathered together to see about this matter.

7When there had been much discussion, Peter rose up and said to them, “Brothers, you know that a good while ago God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the nations should hear the word of the Good News, and believe.

8God, who knows the heart, testified about them, giving them the Holy Spirit, just like he did to us.

9He made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith.

10Now therefore why do you tempt God, that you should put a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?

11But we believe that we are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they are.”

12All the multitude kept silence, and they listened to Barnabas and Paul reporting what signs and wonders God had done among the nations through them.

13After they were silent, James answered, “Brothers, listen to me.

14Simeon has reported how God first visited the nations, to take out of them a people for his name.

15This agrees with the words of the prophets. As it is written,

16‘After these things I will return. I will again build the tabernacle of David, which has fallen. I will again build its ruins. I will set it up,

17That the rest of men may seek after the Lord; all the Gentiles who are called by my name, says the Lord, who does all these things.

18All of God’s works are known to him from eternity.’

19“Therefore my judgment is that we don’t trouble those from among the Gentiles who turn to God,

20but that we write to them that they abstain from the pollution of idols, from sexual immorality, from what is strangled, and from blood.

21For Moses from generations of old has in every city those who preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath.”

22Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole assembly, to choose men out of their company, and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas: Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, chief men among the brothers.

23They wrote these things by their hand: “The apostles, the elders, and the brothers, to the brothers who are of the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: greetings.

24Because we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, ‘You must be circumcised and keep the law,’ to whom we gave no commandment;

25it seemed good to us, having come to one accord, to choose out men and send them to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,

26men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

27We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who themselves will also tell you the same things by word of mouth.

28For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay no greater burden on you than these necessary things:

29that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality, from which if you keep yourselves, it will be well with you. Farewell.”

30So, when they were sent off, they came to Antioch. Having gathered the multitude together, they delivered the letter.

31When they had read it, they rejoiced over the encouragement.

32Judas and Silas, also being prophets themselves, encouraged the brothers with many words, and strengthened them.

33After they had spent some time there, they were sent back with greetings from the brothers to the apostles.

35But Paul and Barnabas stayed in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.

36After some days Paul said to Barnabas, “Let’s return now and visit our brothers in every city in which we proclaimed the word of the Lord, to see how they are doing.”

37Barnabas planned to take John, who was called Mark, with them also.

38But Paul didn’t think that it was a good idea to take with them someone who had withdrawn from them in Pamphylia, and didn’t go with them to do the work.

39Then the contention grew so sharp that they separated from each other. Barnabas took Mark with him, and sailed away to Cyprus,

40but Paul chose Silas, and went out, being commended by the brothers to the grace of God.

41He went through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the assemblies.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

The Jerusalem Council debates whether Gentile converts must be circumcised, Peter and James speak, and the council decides that Gentiles are saved by grace through faith — not by keeping the Mosaic Law — sending a letter freeing them from that burden.

Authorship & Background

Author: Luke (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 15 records the Jerusalem Council (approximately AD 49) — the most important theological decision in the early church. The question: must Gentile believers be circumcised and follow the Mosaic Law to be saved? The answer: NO — salvation is by grace through faith alone. This chapter also records the sharp disagreement between Paul and Barnabas over John Mark (vv.36-41).
The Controversy (vv.1-5): Men from Judea taught that Gentiles must be circumcised "after the manner of Moses" to be saved (v.1). This was not a minor issue — it struck at the heart of the Gospel. If circumcision is required, then Christ's work is insufficient. Paul and Barnabas had "no small dissension" (v.2) with these teachers.
The Jerusalem Council (vv.6-21): Three testimonies settled the matter: (1) Peter — God gave Gentiles the Spirit without circumcision (vv.7-11) (2) Paul and Barnabas — God confirmed Gentile faith with miracles (v.12) (3) James — Scripture (Amos 9:11-12) predicted Gentile inclusion (vv.13-18)
James' decision: don't burden Gentiles with the Law, but ask them to avoid four things that would make fellowship with Jewish believers difficult (v.20).
The Paul-Barnabas Split (vv.36-41): Paul refused to take John Mark (who had deserted them earlier, 13:13). Barnabas insisted. The disagreement was "so sharp" they separated. God used the split to create two missionary teams instead of one. Later, Paul was reconciled with Mark (2 Timothy 4:11).

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.2): The council met in Jerusalem to settle whether Gentile believers must be circumcised and keep the Law of Moses.
  • Antioch (v.30): The decision was sent back to Antioch, where the Gentile church received it with joy.
  • The Paul-Barnabas split (vv.39-41): Paul went through Syria and Cilicia (with Silas); Barnabas took Mark and sailed to Cyprus. Two teams, two regions.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the circumcision controversy, the three testimonies, James' decision, the four requirements, and the Paul-Barnabas split.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "Saved by Grace" on v.11 (MTP Vol. 10, No. 614) "Through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they. Not by circumcision, not by law-keeping, not by ritual — by grace. The same grace that saves a Gentile saves a Jew. The same grace that saved Abraham saves you. Grace alone, through faith alone, in Christ alone." Sermon: "No Greater Burden" on v.28 (MTP Vol. 22, No. 1349) "It seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us — what a remarkable statement. The Spirit and the church in agreement. The Spirit guided; the church discerned. That is how decisions should be made — not by human wisdom alone but by the Spirit's leading confirmed by the community."

Reflection

  • 1. "Through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved" (v.11). The Gospel is grace — not grace plus works, not grace plus ritual, not grace plus anything. Are you adding requirements to the Gospel that God hasn't added? Are you making it harder for people to come to Christ?
  • 2. The Jerusalem Council resolved a major theological conflict through testimony, Scripture, and the Spirit's guidance (vv.7-28). How does your church handle disagreements? Is there a process for seeking the Spirit's wisdom together?
  • 3. Paul and Barnabas had a "sharp contention" (v.39) — two godly men who couldn't agree. God used the split to create two teams. Not every disagreement is sin — sometimes God uses conflict to multiply ministry. How do you handle disagreements with other believers?
  • 4. Paul later said "Get Mark... he is useful to me" (2 Timothy 4:11). The man Paul rejected became valuable later. Have you written off someone who might still grow? Is there a "Mark" in your life who deserves a second chance?
  • 5. The circumcision party said "Except ye be circumcised... ye cannot be saved" (v.1). They added a requirement to the Gospel. What requirements do churches today add to the Gospel that aren't in Scripture? How do you distinguish between the Gospel and cultural additions?
  • 6. Peter said the Law was a yoke "which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear" (v.10). If even the most devout Jews couldn't keep the Law, what makes anyone think they can earn salvation through performance?
  • 7. "It seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us" (v.28). The Spirit and the community agreed. How do you discern the Spirit's guidance in decision-making? What role does community play in confirming God's direction?
  • 8. The four requirements (v.20) were not about salvation but about fellowship — making it possible for Jews and Gentiles to eat together. What are you willing to give up (not for salvation but for unity) so that others can fellowship with you?
  • 9. Paul and Barnabas separated over John Mark (v.39). Both had valid points — Paul valued reliability; Barnabas valued restoration. Which do you tend toward — high standards or second chances? How do you balance both?