Acts — Chapter 12

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1About that time, King Herod reached out to harm some who belonged to the church.

2He had James, the brother of John, put to death with the sword.

3And seeing that this pleased the Jews, Herod proceeded to seize Peter during the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

4He arrested him and put him in prison, handing him over to be guarded by four squads of four soldiers each. Herod intended to bring him out to the people after the Passover.

5So Peter was kept in prison, but the church was fervently praying to God for him.

6On the night before Herod was to bring him to trial, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, with sentries standing guard at the entrance to the prison.

7Suddenly an angel of the Lord appeared and a light shone in the cell. He tapped Peter on the side and woke him up, saying, “Get up quickly.” And the chains fell off his wrists.

8“Get dressed and put on your sandals,” said the angel. Peter did so, and the angel told him, “Wrap your cloak around you and follow me.”

9So Peter followed him out, but he was unaware that what the angel was doing was real. He thought he was only seeing a vision.

10They passed the first and second guards and came to the iron gate leading to the city, which opened for them by itself. When they had gone outside and walked the length of one block, the angel suddenly left him.

11Then Peter came to himself and said, “Now I know for sure that the Lord has sent His angel and rescued me from Herod’s grasp and from everything the Jewish people were anticipating.”

12And when he had realized this, he went to the house of Mary the mother of John, also called Mark, where many people had gathered together and were praying.

13He knocked at the outer gate, and a servant girl named Rhoda came to answer it.

14When she recognized Peter’s voice, she was so overjoyed that she forgot to open the gate, but ran inside and announced, “Peter is standing at the gate!”

15“You are out of your mind,” they told her. But when she kept insisting it was so, they said, “It must be his angel.”

16But Peter kept on knocking, and when they opened the door and saw him, they were astounded.

17Peter motioned with his hand for silence, and he described how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. “Send word to James and to the brothers,” he said, and he left for another place.

18At daybreak there was no small commotion among the soldiers as to what had become of Peter.

19After Herod had searched for him unsuccessfully, he examined the guards and ordered that they be executed. Then he went down from Judea to Caesarea and spent some time there.

20Now Herod was in a furious dispute with the people of Tyre and Sidon, and they convened before him. Having secured the support of Blastus, the king’s chamberlain, they asked for peace, because their region depended on the king’s country for food.

21On the appointed day, Herod donned his royal robes, sat on his throne, and addressed the people.

22And they began to shout, “This is the voice of a god, not a man!”

23Immediately, because Herod did not give glory to God, an angel of the Lord struck him down, and he was eaten by worms and died.

24But the word of God continued to spread and multiply.

25When Barnabas and Saul had fulfilled their mission to Jerusalem, they returned, bringing with them John, also called Mark.

1Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church.

2And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.

3And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.)

4And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.

5Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him.

6And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the keepers before the door kept the prison.

7And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.

8And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.

9And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision.

10When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him.

11And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surety, that the Lord hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.

12And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.

13And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to hearken, named Rhoda.

14And when she knew Peter’s voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate.

15And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel.

16But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished.

17But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.

18Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.

19And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judaea to Caesarea, and there abode.

20And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king’s chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the king’s country.

21And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them.

22And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.

23And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.

24But the word of God grew and multiplied.

25And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.

1Now about that time Herod the king put forth his hands to afflict certain of the church.

2And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.

3And when he saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to seize Peter also. And [those] were the days of unleavened bread.

4And when he had taken him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to guard him; intending after the Passover to bring him forth to the people.

5Peter therefore was kept in the prison: but prayer was made earnestly of the church unto God for him.

6And when Herod was about to bring him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and guards before the door kept the prison.

7And behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shined in the cell: and he smote Peter on the side, and awoke him, saying, Rise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.

8And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And he did so. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.

9And he went out, and followed; and he knew not that it was true which was done by the angel, but thought he saw a vision.

10And when they were past the first and the second guard, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth into the city; which opened to them of its own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and straightway the angel departed from him.

11And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a truth, that the Lord hath sent forth his angel and delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.

12And when he had considered [the thing], he came to the house of Mary the mother of John whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together and were praying.

13And when he knocked at the door of the gate, a maid came to answer, named Rhoda.

14And when she knew Peter`s voice, she opened not the gate for joy, but ran in, and told that Peter stood before the gate.

15And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she confidently affirmed that it was even so. And they said, It is his angel.

16But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened, they saw him, and were amazed.

17But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him forth out of the prison. And he said, Tell these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went to another place.

18Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.

19And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the guards, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judaea to Caesarea, and tarried there.

20Now he was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: and they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king`s chamberlain their friend, they asked for peace, because their country was fed from the king`s country.

21And upon a set day Herod arrayed himself in royal apparel, and sat on the throne, and made an oration unto them.

22And the people shouted, [saying], The voice of a god, and not of a man.

23And immediately an angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.

24But the word of God grew and multiplied.

25And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministration, taking with them John whose surname was Mark.

1About that time King Herod laid hands on some from the church to harm them.

2He had James, the brother of John, executed with a sword.

3When he saw that this pleased the Jews, he proceeded to arrest Peter too. (This took place during the feast of Unleavened Bread.)

4When he had seized him, he put him in prison, handing him over to four squads of soldiers to guard him. Herod planned to bring him out for public trial after the Passover.

5So Peter was kept in prison, but those in the church were earnestly praying to God for him.

6On that very night before Herod was going to bring him out for trial, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, while guards in front of the door were keeping watch over the prison.

7Suddenly an angel of the Lord appeared, and a light shone in the prison cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him up, saying, “Get up quickly!” And the chains fell off Peter’s wrists.

8The angel said to him, “Fasten your belt and put on your sandals.” Peter did so. Then the angel said to him, “Put on your cloak and follow me.”

9Peter went out and followed him; he did not realize that what was happening through the angel was real, but thought he was seeing a vision.

10After they had passed the first and second guards, they came to the iron gate leading into the city. It opened for them by itself, and they went outside and walked down one narrow street, when at once the angel left him.

11When Peter came to himself, he said, “Now I know for certain that the Lord has sent his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from everything the Jewish people were expecting to happen.”

12When Peter realized this, he went to the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark, where many people had gathered together and were praying.

13When he knocked at the door of the outer gate, a slave girl named Rhoda answered.

14When she recognized Peter’s voice, she was so overjoyed she did not open the gate, but ran back in and told them that Peter was standing at the gate.

15But they said to her, “You’ve lost your mind!” But she kept insisting that it was Peter, and they kept saying, “It is his angel!”

16Now Peter continued knocking, and when they opened the door and saw him, they were greatly astonished.

17He motioned to them with his hand to be quiet and then related how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. He said, “Tell James and the brothers these things,” and then he left and went to another place.

18At daybreak there was great consternation among the soldiers over what had become of Peter.

19When Herod had searched for him and did not find him, he questioned the guards and commanded that they be led away to execution. Then Herod went down from Judea to Caesarea and stayed there.

20Now Herod was having an angry quarrel with the people of Tyre and Sidon. So they joined together and presented themselves before him. And after convincing Blastus, the king’s personal assistant, to help them, they asked for peace because their country’s food supply was provided by the king’s country.

21On a day determined in advance, Herod put on his royal robes, sat down on the judgment seat, and made a speech to them.

22But the crowd began to shout, “The voice of a god, and not of a man!”

23Immediately an angel of the Lord struck Herod down because he did not give the glory to God, and he was eaten by worms and died.

24But the word of God kept on increasing and multiplying.

25So Barnabas and Saul returned to Jerusalem when they had completed their mission, bringing along with them John Mark.

1Now about that time, King Herod stretched out his hands to oppress some of the assembly.

2He killed James, the brother of John, with the sword.

3When he saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to seize Peter also. This was during the days of unleavened bread.

4When he had arrested him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four squads of four soldiers each to guard him, intending to bring him out to the people after the Passover.

5Peter therefore was kept in the prison, but constant prayer was made by the assembly to God for him.

6The same night when Herod was about to bring him out, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains. Guards in front of the door kept the prison.

7And behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side, and woke him up, saying, “Stand up quickly!” His chains fell off from his hands.

8The angel said to him, “Get dressed and put on your sandals.” He did so. He said to him, “Put on your cloak, and follow me.”

9And he went out and followed him. He didn’t know that what was being done by the angel was real, but thought he saw a vision.

10When they were past the first and the second guard, they came to the iron gate that leads into the city, which opened to them by itself. They went out, and went down one street, and immediately the angel departed from him.

11When Peter had come to himself, he said, “Now I truly know that the Lord has sent out his angel and delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from everything the Jewish people were expecting.”

12Thinking about that, he came to the house of Mary, the mother of John who was called Mark, where many were gathered together and were praying.

13When Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a maid named Rhoda came to answer.

14When she recognized Peter’s voice, she didn’t open the gate for joy, but ran in, and reported that Peter was standing in front of the gate.

15They said to her, “You are crazy!” But she insisted that it was so. They said, “It is his angel.”

16But Peter continued knocking. When they had opened, they saw him, and were amazed.

17But he, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, declared to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. He said, “Tell these things to James, and to the brothers.” Then he departed, and went to another place.

18Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers about what had become of Peter.

19When Herod had sought for him, and didn’t find him, he examined the guards, and commanded that they should be put to death. He went down from Judea to Caesarea, and stayed there.

20Now Herod was very angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon. They came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus, the king’s personal aide, their friend, they asked for peace, because their country depended on the king’s country for food.

21On an appointed day, Herod dressed himself in royal clothing, sat on the throne, and gave a speech to them.

22The people shouted, “The voice of a god, and not of a man!”

23Immediately an angel of the Lord struck him, because he didn’t give God the glory, and he was eaten by worms and died.

24But the word of God grew and multiplied.

25Barnabas and Saul returned to Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their service, also taking with them John who was called Mark.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

King Herod Agrippa executes James the brother of John and, seeing it pleases the Jewish leaders, arrests Peter during the Feast of Unleavened Bread, intending to bring him out for trial after Passover (vv. 1-4). While the church prays earnestly for him, an angel appears in the prison at night, wakes Peter, loosens his chains, and leads him past the guards and through the iron gate, which opens by itself (vv. 5-10). Peter realizes it is real and goes to the house of Mary, mother of John Mark, where the praying believers can hardly believe the servant girl Rhoda's report that he is at the door (vv. 11-17). Herod has the guards executed, then later, accepting the crowd's flattering cries that he speaks with the voice of a god rather than giving glory to God, is struck down by an angel and dies (vv. 20-23). Meanwhile the word of God continues to grow and spread (v. 24).

Authorship & Background

Author: Luke (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 12 records the first state-sponsored persecution of the church — Herod Agrippa I kills James and arrests Peter. It also records Peter's miraculous deliverance from prison and Herod's dramatic death. This chapter marks the end of the "Jerusalem section" of Acts — from chapter 13 onward, the focus shifts to Paul and the Gentile mission.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a king killing one apostle and arresting a second specifically to gain favor with Jewish leaders, a church praying without ceasing while chains fall off Peter unnoticed by the very guards chained to him, a prayer meeting that refuses to believe its own prayer has been answered when Peter actually knocks at the door, Herod accepting worship as a god and immediately struck down for withholding the glory that belonged to God alone, and a sentence placed deliberately right after his death, the word of God grew and multiplied, letting the contrast make the point without comment
Herod Agrippa I (vv.1-4): Grandson of Herod the Great, nephew of Herod Antipas. He ruled Judea from AD 41-44. He killed James (the brother of John) — the first apostle martyred — and arrested Peter to gain favor with the Jewish leaders. James was killed; Peter was delivered. God's sovereignty determines outcomes, not human power.
Peter's Deliverance (vv.5-19): The church prayed "without ceasing" (v.5) for Peter. An angel freed him from prison — chains fell off, gates opened, guards didn't wake. When Peter arrived at the prayer meeting, they didn't believe it was him (v.15). They prayed for his release but were shocked when God answered.
Herod's Death (vv.20-23): Herod accepted worship from the crowd — "It is the voice of a god, and not of a man" (v.22). He "gave not God the glory" (v.23) and was immediately struck by an angel and "eaten of worms." The contrast: the man who killed an apostle and imprisoned another is himself destroyed by God.
The Word Grew; Barnabas and Saul Return (vv.24-25): But the word of God grew and multiplied. The sentence is placed immediately after Herod's death, and the contrast is the point: the king who accepted the acclaim of a god is dead, and the word he tried to suppress is spreading. Then Barnabas and Saul return from Jerusalem having fulfilled their errand, and take with them John whose surname was Mark.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.2): Herod Agrippa I persecuted the church in Jerusalem — killing James (brother of John) and imprisoning Peter.
  • The prison in Jerusalem (v.5): Peter was held in a Jerusalem prison, guarded by four squads of soldiers. An angel released him at night.
  • Caesarea (v.19): Herod went from Jerusalem down to Caesarea (the Roman capital) where he was struck dead after accepting worship.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • CaesareaCaesarea, IsraelHerod built an artificial deep-water harbour on an open coast that had none, and it became the Roman administrative capital of Judea. Paul was held here two years and sailed for Rome from it; it is also where the gospel first went to a Gentile household. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines James' martyrdom, Peter's deliverance, the church's prayer, the humor of the Rhoda scene, and Herod's judgment.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

The Apostle Paul: Acts 8-12
BibleProject

Acts 12 | Peter, Prison, and Passover | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Acts 12 - One Martyred, One Rescued
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Acts -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • God's Sovereignty Over Life and Death (v.2) — James is martyred while Peter is later delivered, both faithful apostles under the same sovereign hand. How do you trust God's sovereignty when He allows one believer to suffer and rescues another?
  • Prayer as the Church's First Response (v.5) — Facing Peter's imminent execution, the church responds not with strategy or protest but with persistent, unceasing prayer. Is prayer your first move in a crisis, or something you turn to only after other options fail?
  • Peace That Doesn't Wait for the Outcome (v.6) — The night before his scheduled execution, Peter is sound asleep between two guards. What would it take for you to rest that peacefully in the face of your worst fear?
  • Praying Without Expecting an Answer (v.15) — The believers praying for Peter's release refuse to believe it's really him when he knocks at the door. Do you pray with real expectation, or do you pray and quietly assume nothing will change?
  • Refusing Glory That Belongs to God (v.23) — Herod accepts the crowd's worship instead of deflecting it to God and is immediately struck down. Where might you be quietly accepting credit for something only God actually did?
  • The Word Grows No Matter What Opposes It (v.24) — Despite martyrdom, imprisonment, and political power aligned against the church, the word of God keeps growing. How does that truth encourage you when the church around you feels weak or under pressure?