Exodus — Chapter 37

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1Bezalel went on to construct the ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high.

2He overlaid it with pure gold, both inside and out, and made a gold molding around it.

3And he cast four gold rings for its four feet, two rings on one side and two on the other.

4Then he made poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold.

5He inserted the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark in order to carry it.

6He constructed a mercy seat of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.

7He made two cherubim of hammered gold at the ends of the mercy seat,

8one cherub on one end and one on the other, all made from one piece of gold.

9And the cherubim had wings that spread upward, overshadowing the mercy seat. The cherubim faced each other, looking toward the mercy seat.

10He also made the table of acacia wood two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high.

11He overlaid it with pure gold and made a gold molding around it.

12And he made a rim around it a handbreadth wide and put a gold molding on the rim.

13He cast four gold rings for the table and fastened them to the four corners at its four legs.

14The rings were placed close to the rim, to serve as holders for the poles used to carry the table.

15He made the poles of acacia wood for carrying the table and overlaid them with gold.

16He also made the utensils for the table out of pure gold: its plates and dishes, as well as its bowls and pitchers for pouring drink offerings.

17Then he made the lampstand out of pure hammered gold, all of one piece: its base and shaft, its cups, and its buds and petals.

18Six branches extended from the sides, three on one side and three on the other.

19There were three cups shaped like almond blossoms on the first branch, each with buds and petals, three on the next branch, and the same for all six branches that extended from the lampstand.

20And on the lampstand were four cups shaped like almond blossoms with buds and petals.

21A bud was under the first pair of branches that extended from the lampstand, a bud under the second pair, and a bud under the third pair.

22The buds and branches were all of one piece with the lampstand, hammered out of pure gold.

23He also made its seven lamps, its wick trimmers, and trays of pure gold.

24He made the lampstand and all its utensils from a talent of pure gold.

25He made the altar of incense out of acacia wood. It was square, a cubit long, a cubit wide, and two cubits high. Its horns were of one piece.

26And he overlaid with pure gold the top and all the sides and horns. Then he made a molding of gold around it.

27He made two gold rings below the molding on opposite sides to hold the poles used to carry it.

28And he made the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold.

29He also made the sacred anointing oil and the pure, fragrant incense, the work of a perfumer.

1And Bezaleel made the ark

2And he overlaid it with pure gold within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about.

3And he cast for it four rings of gold,

4And he made staves

5And he put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, to bear the ark.

6And he made the mercy seat

7And he made two cherubims

8One cherub on the end on this side, and another cherub on the

9And the cherubims spread out

10And he made the table of shittim wood: two cubits

11And he overlaid it with pure gold, and made thereunto a crown of gold round about.

12Also he made thereunto a border of an handbreadth round about; and made a crown of gold for the border thereof round about.

13And he cast for it four rings of gold, and put the rings upon the four corners that

14Over against the border were the rings, the places for the staves to bear the table.

15And he made the staves

16And he made the vessels which

17And he made the candlestick

18And six branches going out of the sides thereof; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side thereof, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side thereof:

19Three bowls made after the fashion of almonds in one branch, a knop and a flower; and three bowls made like almonds in another branch, a knop and a flower: so throughout the six branches going out of the candlestick.

20And in the candlestick

21And a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, according to the six branches going out of it.

22Their knops and their branches were of the same: all of it

23And he made his seven lamps, and his snuffers, and his snuffdishes,

24Of a talent of pure gold made he it, and all the vessels thereof.

25And he made the incense altar

26And he overlaid it with pure gold,

27And he made two rings of gold for it under the crown thereof, by the two corners of it, upon the two sides thereof, to be places for the staves to bear it withal.

28And he made the staves

29And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of sweet spices, according to the work of the apothecary.

1And Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood: two cubits and a half was the length of it, and a cubit and a half the breadth of it, and a cubit and a half the height of it:

2and he overlaid it with pure gold within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about.

3And he cast for it four rings of gold, in the four feet thereof; even two rings on the one side of it, and two rings on the other side of it.

4And he made staves of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold.

5And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the ark, to bear the ark.

6And he made a mercy-seat of pure gold: two cubits and a half [was] the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof.

7And he made two cherubim of gold; of beaten work made he them, at the two ends of the mercy-seat;

8one cherub at the one end, and one cherub at the other end: of one piece with the mercy-seat made he the cherubim at the two ends thereof.

9And the cherubim spread out their wings on high, covering the mercy-seat with their wings, with their faces one to another; toward the mercy-seat were the faces of the cherubim.

10And he made the table of acacia wood: two cubits [was] the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof:

11and he overlaid it with pure gold, and made thereto a crown of gold round about.

12And he made unto it a border of a handbreadth round about, and made a golden crown to the border thereof round about.

13And he cast for it four rings of gold, and put the rings in the four corners that were on the four feet thereof.

14Close by the border were the rings, the places for the staves to bear the table.

15And he made the staves of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold, to bear the table.

16And he made the vessels which were upon the table, the dishes thereof, and the spoons thereof, and the bowls thereof, and the flagons thereof, wherewith to pour out, of pure gold.

17And he made the candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work made he the candlestick, even its base, and its shaft; its cups, it knops, and its flowers, were of one piece with it:

18and there were six branches going out of the sides thereof; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side thereof, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side thereof:

19three cups made like almond-blossoms in one branch, a knop and a flower, and three cups made like almond-blossoms in the other branch, a knop and a flower: so for the six branches going out of the candlestick.

20And in the candlestick were four cups made like almond-blossoms, the knops thereof, and the flowers thereof;

21and a knop under two branches of one piece with it, and a knop under two branches of one piece with it, and a knop under two branches of one piece with it, for the six branches going out of it.

22Their knops and their branches were of one piece with it: the whole of it was one beaten work of pure gold.

23And he made the lamps thereof, seven, and the snuffers thereof, and the snuffdishes thereof, of pure gold.

24Of a talent of pure gold made he it, and all the vessels thereof.

25And he made the altar of incense of acacia wood: a cubit was the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, foursquare; and two cubits was the height thereof; the horns thereof were of one piece with it.

26And he overlaid it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns of it: and he made unto it a crown of gold round about.

27And he made for it two golden rings under the crown thereof, upon the two ribs thereof, upon the two sides of it, for places for staves wherewith to bear it.

28And he made the staves of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold.

29And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of sweet spices, after the art of the perfumer.

1Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood; its length was 45 inches, its width 27 inches, and its height 27 inches.

2He overlaid it with pure gold, inside and out, and he made a surrounding border of gold for it.

3He cast four gold rings for it that he put on its four feet, with two rings on one side and two rings on the other side.

4He made poles of acacia wood, overlaid them with gold,

5and put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark in order to carry the ark.

6He made an atonement lid of pure gold; its length was 45 inches, and its width was 27 inches.

7He made two cherubim of gold; he made them of hammered metal on the two ends of the atonement lid,

8one cherub on one end and one cherub on the other end. He made the cherubim from the atonement lid on its two ends.

9The cherubim were spreading their wings upward, overshadowing the atonement lid with their wings. The cherubim faced each other, looking toward the atonement lid.

10Bezalel made the table of acacia wood; its length was 36 inches, its width 18 inches, and its height 27 inches.

11He overlaid it with pure gold, and he made a surrounding border of gold for it.

12He made a surrounding frame for it about three inches wide, and he made a surrounding border of gold for its frame.

13He cast four gold rings for it and attached the rings at the four corners where its four legs were.

14The rings were close to the frame to provide places for the poles to carry the table.

15He made the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold, to carry the table.

16He made the vessels which were on the table out of pure gold, its plates, its ladles, its pitchers, and its bowls, to be used in pouring out offerings.

17Bezalel made the lampstand of pure gold. He made the lampstand of hammered metal; its base and its shaft, its cups, its buds, and its blossoms were from the same piece.

18Six branches were extending from its sides, three branches of the lampstand from one side of it, and three branches of the lampstand from the other side of it.

19Three cups shaped like almond flowers with buds and blossoms were on the first branch, and three cups shaped like almond flowers with buds and blossoms were on the next branch, and the same for the six branches that were extending from the lampstand.

20On the lampstand there were four cups shaped like almond flowers with buds and blossoms,

21with a bud under the first two branches from it, and a bud under the next two branches from it, and a bud under the third two branches from it; according to the six branches that extended from it.

22Their buds and their branches were of one piece; all of it was one hammered piece of pure gold.

23He made its seven lamps, its trimmers, and its trays of pure gold.

24He made the lampstand and all its accessories with seventy-five pounds of pure gold.

25Bezalel made the incense altar of acacia wood. Its length was 18 inches and its width 18 inches—a square—and its height was 36 inches. Its horns were of one piece with it.

26He overlaid it with pure gold—its top, its four walls, and its horns—and he made a surrounding border of gold for it.

27He also made two gold rings for it under its border, on its two sides, on opposite sides, as places for poles to carry it with.

28He made the poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold.

29He made the sacred anointing oil and the pure fragrant incense, the work of a perfumer.

1Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood. Its length was two and a half cubits, and its width a cubit and a half, and a cubit and a half its height.

2He overlaid it with pure gold inside and outside, and made a molding of gold for it around it.

3He cast four rings of gold for it, in its four feet; even two rings on its one side, and two rings on its other side.

4He made poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold.

5He put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, to bear the ark.

6He made a mercy seat of pure gold. Its length was two and a half cubits, and a cubit and a half its width.

7He made two cherubim of gold. He made them of beaten work, at the two ends of the mercy seat;

8one cherub at the one end, and one cherub at the other end. He made the cherubim of one piece with the mercy seat at its two ends.

9The cherubim spread out their wings on high, covering the mercy seat with their wings, with their faces toward one another. The faces of the cherubim were toward the mercy seat.

10He made the table of acacia wood. Its length was two cubits, and its width was a cubit, and its height was a cubit and a half.

11He overlaid it with pure gold, and made a gold molding around it.

12He made a border of a hand width around it, and made a golden molding on its border around it.

13He cast four rings of gold for it, and put the rings in the four corners that were on its four feet.

14The rings were close by the border, the places for the poles to carry the table.

15He made the poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold, to carry the table.

16He made the vessels which were on the table, its dishes, its spoons, its bowls, and its pitchers with which to pour out, of pure gold.

17He made the lamp stand of pure gold. He made the lamp stand of beaten work. Its base, its shaft, its cups, its buds, and its flowers were of one piece with it.

18There were six branches going out of its sides: three branches of the lamp stand out of its one side, and three branches of the lamp stand out of its other side:

19three cups made like almond blossoms in one branch, a bud and a flower, and three cups made like almond blossoms in the other branch, a bud and a flower: so for the six branches going out of the lamp stand.

20In the lamp stand were four cups made like almond blossoms, its buds and its flowers;

21and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, and a bud under two branches of one piece with it, for the six branches going out of it.

22Their buds and their branches were of one piece with it. The whole thing was one beaten work of pure gold.

23He made its seven lamps, and its snuffers, and its snuff dishes, of pure gold.

24He made it of a talent of pure gold, with all its vessels.

25He made the altar of incense of acacia wood. It was square: its length was a cubit, and its width a cubit. Its height was two cubits. Its horns were of one piece with it.

26He overlaid it with pure gold, its top, its sides around it, and its horns. He made a gold molding around it.

27He made two golden rings for it under its molding crown, on its two ribs, on its two sides, for places for poles with which to carry it.

28He made the poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold.

29He made the holy anointing oil and the pure incense of sweet spices, after the art of the perfumer.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Bezalel constructs the ark of the covenant with its gold mercy seat and cherubim, the table for the bread of the Presence, and the golden lampstand, each built to the specifications God had given (vv. 1-24). He then makes the altar of incense and prepares the sacred anointing oil and incense (vv. 25-29).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Classification: Law and Narrative — Tabernacle Construction
Key Themes: Furnishings made in the order of their nearness to God, gold beaten rather than cast, a lampstand from a single talent, and anointing oil and incense prepared last
Historical Context: Exodus 37 records Bezalel's construction of the most sacred furnishings of the tabernacle: the Ark of the Covenant (vv.1-9), the Table of Showbread (vv.10-16), the Golden Lampstand (vv.17-24), and the Altar of Incense (vv.25-28), along with the holy anointing oil and incense (v.29). These are the items that would occupy the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place — the innermost rooms of God's dwelling. Each piece of furniture carries rich typological significance pointing to Christ. The Ark represents God's throne and the place of atonement; the Table represents God's provision and fellowship; the Lampstand represents God's light and revelation; the Altar of Incense represents prayer and intercession. All are made of gold or gold-overlaid acacia wood — deity (gold) united with humanity (wood), a picture of the incarnation. Bezalel is named specifically as the maker (v.1), emphasizing that the Spirit-filled craftsman personally constructed the holiest objects. The chapter parallels the instructions in chapters 25 and 30, demonstrating precise obedience. Every measurement, every material, every design element matches God's original specification. There is no human innovation or improvement — only faithful execution of the divine pattern.
The Ark of the Covenant (vv.1-5): The furnishings are made in order of nearness to God, and so the ark comes first. Acacia wood overlaid with gold inside and out, with a crown of gold and rings and staves for carrying. Bezalel makes it himself, which the text specifies. It is the only object in the tabernacle that holds anything — the testimony.
The Mercy Seat (vv.6-9): The lid is made separately and described separately: pure gold, with two cherubim of beaten work at either end, wings stretched forward and faces toward the mercy seat. Beaten rather than cast, so the figures are of one piece with the lid. Whatever happened above it happened between them and over the law inside.
The Table of Showbread (vv.10-16): Acacia overlaid with gold, with a border, a crown, rings and staves, and vessels of pure gold — dishes, spoons, bowls and covers. Bread was set on it continually. Of the three items in the holy place this is the one whose function is a meal, and it stood on the north side.
The Golden Lampstand (vv.17-24): Beaten out of one talent of pure gold — roughly seventy-five pounds — with a shaft, six branches, and almond-shaped bowls, knops and flowers. Hammered from a single piece rather than assembled from parts, which is why the weight is specified rather than the dimensions. It stood opposite the table and was the only light in the holy place.
The Altar of Incense (vv.25-28): Small, square, acacia overlaid with gold, with horns, a crown, rings and staves. It stood before the veil, closer to the most holy place than anything else in the holy place, and what was offered on it was smoke rather than flesh.
The Anointing Oil and the Incense (v.29): One verse for the last items, made by the art of the apothecary: the holy anointing oil and the pure incense of spices. They are consumables rather than furniture, and chapter 30 forbids either recipe being reproduced for ordinary use. What made the objects holy could not be bought.

Map & Geography

  • Israel remains encamped at Mount Sinai. Bezalel constructs the ark, table, lampstand, and incense altar — the furniture of God's dwelling place.

Places on this map

  • Mount SinaiJebel Musa, Sinai Peninsula, EgyptTraditionally Jebel Musa in the granite mountains of the southern Sinai peninsula, about 7,500 feet high. The identification dates from Christian monastic tradition rather than from the text, and other candidates have been proposed, but this has been the pilgrimage site since the fourth century. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik traces the typology of each piece: the Ark as God's throne, the Mercy Seat as the place of propitiation, the Table as fellowship, the Lampstand as Christ the Light, and the Incense Altar as prayer.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Exodus 37 Summary: A Concise Overview in 5 Minutes
2BeLikeChrist

Exodus 36-40 - I AM God in Your Midst
David Guzik

Exodus 35-40 | Building the Tabernacle | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the shape of the rescue from Egypt and where the story is going.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Exodus -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • The Mercy Seat: Where Atonement Meets Presence (v.6) — Bezalel crafted the place where blood would be sprinkled and where God promised to meet with His people. How does knowing you have a "mercy seat" in Christ affect your confidence in approaching God?
  • Cherubim Fixed on the Place of Mercy (v.9) — The gold cherubim faced downward toward the mercy seat rather than outward, drawn to gaze at the place of atonement. What does it look like for your own attention to stay fixed on what God has done to make you right with Him?
  • Light Shaped Through Hammering (v.17) — The lampstand was formed from a single piece of gold, beaten into shape by repeated blows. How do you see God using hardship or suffering to shape and refine you into someone who reflects His light?
  • The Altar of Incense: Prayer That Rises Continually (v.25) — This altar stood nearest the innermost curtain, symbolizing prayer ascending close to God's presence. How consistent and intentional is your own prayer life?
  • Holy Things Prepared With Care (v.29) — The anointing oil and incense were made exactly according to God's specified recipe, set apart for sacred use alone. Where might God be asking you to treat what's holy with more intentional reverence?