Exodus — Chapter 30

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1And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon:

2A cubit

3And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.

4And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make

5And thou shalt make the staves

6And thou shalt put it before the vail that

7And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it.

8And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations.

9Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon.

10And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it

11And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

12When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when

13This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel

14Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD.

15The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel, when

16And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.

17And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

18Thou shalt also make a laver

19For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat:

20When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn offering made by fire unto the LORD:

21So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them,

22Moreover the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

23Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred

24And of cassia five hundred

25And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil.

26And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the congregation therewith, and the ark of the testimony,

27And the table and all his vessels, and the candlestick and his vessels, and the altar of incense,

28And the altar of burnt offering with all his vessels, and the laver and his foot.

29And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy.

30And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that

31And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This shall be an holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations.

32Upon man’s flesh shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make

33Whosoever compoundeth

34And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum;

35And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure

36And thou shalt beat

37And

38Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall even be cut off from his people.

1And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of acacia wood shalt thou make it.

2A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be; and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of one piece with it.

3And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.

4And two golden rings shalt thou make for it under the crown thereof; upon the two ribs thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make them; and they shall be for places for staves wherewith to bear it.

5And thou shalt make the staves of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.

6And thou shalt put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy-seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee.

7And Aaron shall burn thereon incense of sweet spices: every morning, when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn it.

8And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before Jehovah throughout your generations.

9Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt-offering, nor meal-offering; and ye shall pour no drink-offering thereon.

10And Aaron shall make atonement upon the horns of it once in the year; with the blood of the sin-offering of atonement once in the year shall he make atonement for it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto Jehovah.

11And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

12When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel, according to those that are numbered of them, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto Jehovah, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.

13This they shall give, every one that passeth over unto them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary; (the shekel is twenty gerahs;) half a shekel for an offering to Jehovah.

14Every one that passeth over unto them that are numbered, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the offering of Jehovah.

15The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when they give the offering of Jehovah, to make atonement for your souls.

16And thou shalt take the atonement money from the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tent of meeting; that it may be a memorial for the children of Israel before Jehovah, to make atonement for your souls.

17And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

18Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and the base thereof of brass, whereat to wash. And thou shalt put it between the tent of meeting and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein.

19And Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat:

20when they go into the tent of meeting, they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn an offering made by fire unto Jehovah.

21So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them, even to him and to his seed throughout their generations.

22Moreover Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

23Take thou also unto thee the chief spices: of flowing myrrh five hundred [shekels], and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty,

24and of cassia five hundred, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of olive oil a hin.

25And thou shalt make it a holy anointing oil, a perfume compounded after the art of the perfumer: it shall be a holy anointing oil.

26And thou shalt anoint therewith the tent of meeting, and the ark of the testimony,

27and the table and all the vessels thereof, and the candlestick and the vessels thereof, and the altar of incense,

28and the altar of burnt-offering with all the vessels thereof, and the laver and the base thereof.

29And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy.

30And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest`s office.

31And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This shall be a holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations.

32Upon the flesh of man shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make any like it, according to the composition thereof: it is holy, [and] it shall be holy unto you.

33Whosoever compoundeth any like it, or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people.

34And Jehovah said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight;

35and thou shalt make of it incense, a perfume after the art of the perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure [and] holy:

36and thou shalt beat some of it very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tent of meeting, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you most holy.

37And the incense which thou shalt make, according to the composition thereof ye shall not make for yourselves: it shall be unto thee holy for Jehovah.

38Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereof, he shall be cut off from his people.

1“You are to make an altar for burning incense; you are to make it of acacia wood.

2Its length is to be 18 inches and its width 18 inches; it will be square. Its height is to be 36 inches, with its horns of one piece with it.

3You are to overlay it with pure gold—its top, its four walls, and its horns—and make a surrounding border of gold for it.

4You are to make two gold rings for it under its border, on its two flanks; you are to make them on its two sides. The rings will be places for poles to carry it with.

5You are to make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold.

6“You are to put it in front of the curtain that is before the ark of the testimony (before the atonement lid that is over the testimony), where I will meet you.

7Aaron is to burn sweet incense on it morning by morning; when he attends to the lamps he is to burn incense.

8When Aaron sets up the lamps around sundown he is to burn incense on it; it is to be a regular incense offering before the Lord throughout your generations.

9You must not offer strange incense on it, nor burnt offering, nor meal offering, and you must not pour out a drink offering on it.

10Aaron is to make atonement on its horns once in the year with some of the blood of the sin offering for atonement; once in the year he is to make atonement on it throughout your generations. It is most holy to the Lord.”

11The Lord spoke to Moses,

12“When you take a census of the Israelites according to their number, then each man is to pay a ransom for his life to the Lord when you number them, so that there will be no plague among them when you number them.

13Everyone who crosses over to those who are numbered is to pay this: a half shekel according to the shekel of the sanctuary (a shekel weighs 20 gerahs). The half shekel is to be an offering to the Lord.

14Everyone who crosses over to those numbered, from twenty years old and up, is to pay an offering to the Lord.

15The rich are not to pay more and the poor are not to pay less than the half shekel when giving the offering of the Lord, to make atonement for your lives.

16You are to receive the atonement money from the Israelites and give it for the service of the tent of meeting. It will be a memorial for the Israelites before the Lord, to make atonement for your lives.”

17The Lord spoke to Moses,

18“You are also to make a large bronze basin with a bronze stand for washing. You are to put it between the tent of meeting and the altar and put water in it,

19and Aaron and his sons must wash their hands and their feet from it.

20When they enter the tent of meeting, they must wash with water so that they do not die. Also, when they approach the altar to minister by burning incense as an offering made by fire to the Lord,

21they must wash their hands and their feet so that they do not die. And this will be a perpetual ordinance for them and for their descendants throughout their generations.”

22The Lord spoke to Moses,

23“Take choice spices: 12½ pounds of free-flowing myrrh, half that—about 6¼ pounds—of sweet-smelling cinnamon, 6¼ pounds of sweet-smelling cane,

24and 12½ pounds of cassia, all weighed according to the sanctuary shekel, and four quarts of olive oil.

25You are to make this into a sacred anointing oil, a perfumed compound, the work of a perfumer. It will be sacred anointing oil.

26“With it you are to anoint the tent of meeting, the ark of the testimony,

27the table and all its utensils, the lampstand and its utensils, the altar of incense,

28the altar for the burnt offering and all its utensils, and the laver and its base.

29So you are to sanctify them, and they will be most holy; anything that touches them will be holy.

30“You are to anoint Aaron and his sons and sanctify them so that they may minister as my priests.

31And you are to tell the Israelites: ‘This is to be my sacred anointing oil throughout your generations.

32It must not be applied to people’s bodies, and you must not make any like it with the same recipe. It is holy, and it must be holy to you.

33Whoever makes perfume like it and whoever puts any of it on someone not a priest will be cut off from his people.’”

34The Lord said to Moses, “Take spices, gum resin, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense of equal amounts

35and make it into an incense, a perfume, the work of a perfumer. It is to be finely ground, and pure and sacred.

36You are to beat some of it very fine and put some of it before the ark of the testimony in the tent of meeting where I will meet with you; it is to be most holy to you.

37And the incense that you are to make, you must not make for yourselves using the same recipe; it is to be most holy to you, belonging to the Lord.

38Whoever makes anything like it, to use as perfume, will be cut off from his people.”

1“You shall make an altar to burn incense on. You shall make it of acacia wood.

2Its length shall be a cubit, and its width a cubit. It shall be square, and its height shall be two cubits. Its horns shall be of one piece with it.

3You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top, its sides around it, and its horns; and you shall make a gold molding around it.

4You shall make two golden rings for it under its molding; on its two ribs, on its two sides you shall make them; and they shall be for places for poles with which to bear it.

5You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.

6You shall put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with you.

7Aaron shall burn incense of sweet spices on it every morning. When he tends the lamps, he shall burn it.

8When Aaron lights the lamps at evening, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before Yahweh throughout your generations.

9You shall offer no strange incense on it, nor burnt offering, nor meal offering; and you shall pour no drink offering on it.

10Aaron shall make atonement on its horns once in the year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement once in the year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to Yahweh.”

11Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

12“When you take a census of the children of Israel, according to those who are counted among them, then each man shall give a ransom for his soul to Yahweh, when you count them; that there be no plague among them when you count them.

13They shall give this, everyone who passes over to those who are counted, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerahs); half a shekel for an offering to Yahweh.

14Everyone who passes over to those who are counted, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the offering to Yahweh.

15The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when they give the offering of Yahweh, to make atonement for your souls.

16You shall take the atonement money from the children of Israel, and shall appoint it for the service of the Tent of Meeting; that it may be a memorial for the children of Israel before Yahweh, to make atonement for your souls.”

17Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

18“You shall also make a basin of brass, and its base of brass, in which to wash. You shall put it between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and you shall put water in it.

19Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet in it.

20When they go into the Tent of Meeting, they shall wash with water, that they not die; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn an offering made by fire to Yahweh.

21So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they not die: and it shall be a statute forever to them, even to him and to his descendants throughout their generations.”

22Moreover Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

23“Also take fine spices: of liquid myrrh, five hundred shekels; and of fragrant cinnamon half as much, even two hundred and fifty; and of fragrant cane, two hundred and fifty;

24and of cassia five hundred, after the shekel of the sanctuary; and a hin of olive oil.

25You shall make it into a holy anointing oil, a perfume compounded after the art of the perfumer: it shall be a holy anointing oil.

26You shall use it to anoint the Tent of Meeting, the ark of the testimony,

27the table and all its articles, the lamp stand and its accessories, the altar of incense,

28the altar of burnt offering with all its utensils, and the basin with its base.

29You shall sanctify them, that they may be most holy. Whatever touches them shall be holy.

30You shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and sanctify them, that they may minister to me in the priest’s office.

31You shall speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘This shall be a holy anointing oil to me throughout your generations.

32It shall not be poured on man’s flesh, and do not make any like it, according to its composition. It is holy. It shall be holy to you.

33Whoever compounds any like it, or whoever puts any of it on a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people.’”

34Yahweh said to Moses, “Take to yourself sweet spices, gum resin, and onycha, and galbanum; sweet spices with pure frankincense: there shall be an equal weight of each;

35and you shall make incense of it, a perfume after the art of the perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy:

36and you shall beat some of it very small, and put some of it before the testimony in the Tent of Meeting, where I will meet with you. It shall be to you most holy.

37The incense which you shall make, according to its composition you shall not make for yourselves: it shall be to you holy for Yahweh.

38Whoever shall make any like that, to smell of it, he shall be cut off from his people.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God instructs the building of the incense altar, the bronze basin, the anointing oil, and the incense — each detail pointing to holiness.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 30 covers four additional elements of the Tabernacle system: (1) The altar of incense (vv.1-10); (2) The census ransom money (vv.11-16); (3) The bronze laver for washing (vv.17-21); (4) The holy anointing oil and incense (vv.22-38). Each element carries rich symbolism: incense = prayer rising to God; the ransom = every soul has equal value before God; the laver = cleansing before service; the anointing oil = the Holy Spirit's consecrating work. The chapter emphasizes that approach to God requires atonement (ransom), cleansing (laver), and consecration (oil) — all pointing to Christ.
The Altar of Incense (vv.1-10): Acacia wood overlaid with pure gold (vv.1-3). Small: one cubit square, two cubits high (v.2). Placed before the veil, near the mercy seat (v.6). Aaron burns incense morning and evening (vv.7-8). "No strange incense" — only what God prescribes (v.9). Annual atonement on its horns with blood (v.10). "Most holy unto the LORD" (v.10).
The Census Ransom (vv.11-16): When Israel is numbered, each person pays a ransom — half a shekel (vv.12-13). Rich and poor pay the same (v.15). Purpose: "to make an atonement for your souls" (v.16). Equal value before God — every soul costs the same to redeem.
The Bronze Laver (vv.17-21): Bronze basin between the altar and the Tabernacle (v.18). Priests wash hands and feet before entering or ministering — "that they die not" (v.20). Cleansing before service is non-negotiable.
The Holy Anointing Oil (vv.22-33): A specific recipe: myrrh, cinnamon, calamus, cassia, olive oil (vv.23-24). Used to anoint the Tabernacle, its furniture, and the priests (vv.26-30). Exclusive to sacred use — not to be replicated or used on "man's flesh" (vv.32-33). Violation = "cut off" (v.33).
The Holy Incense (vv.34-38): Specific recipe: stacte, onycha, galbanum, frankincense — equal parts (v.34). Exclusive to sacred use — not for personal enjoyment (v.37). Violation = "cut off" (v.38).

Map & Geography

  • Israel remains encamped at Mount Sinai. The altar of incense, laver, and anointing oil instructions continue the Tabernacle design.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the incense altar as prayer, the ransom as equal redemption, the laver as cleansing, and the anointing oil as the Holy Spirit.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The Incense Altar" on vv.7-8 (MTP Vol. 15, No. 895) "Perpetual incense — morning and evening, never ceasing. This is prayer. Not occasional, not emergency-only, but perpetual. The incense rose continually before God — and so should our prayers. 'Pray without ceasing' (1 Thess 5:17). The altar of incense stood nearest to the veil — nearest to God's presence. Prayer brings you closest to God. And the incense was specific — God's recipe, not man's invention. True prayer follows God's pattern, not our preferences."

Reflection

  • 1. "A perpetual incense before the LORD" (v.8). Is your prayer life perpetual — morning and evening, consistent? Or sporadic and crisis-driven? Let the incense altar challenge your prayer habits.
  • 2. "The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less" (v.15). Before God, every soul has equal value. No one is too important to need redemption; no one is too insignificant to receive it. Do you treat people with this equality?
  • 3. "They shall wash... that they die not" (v.20). Cleansing before service is essential. Are you serving God with unconfessed sin? Come to the laver first — let God's word wash you before you minister.
  • 4. The anointing oil was exclusive — not for common use (v.32). The Holy Spirit's work is sacred, not to be trivialized or imitated. Do you treat spiritual things with appropriate reverence?
  • 5. "No strange incense" (v.9). God prescribes how He is to be worshipped. Not every form of "worship" is acceptable. Are you approaching God His way or inventing your own?