Exodus — Chapter 33

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1Then the LORD said to Moses, “Leave this place, you and the people you brought up out of the land of Egypt, and go to the land that I promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob when I said, ‘I will give it to your descendants.’

2And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.

3Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked people; otherwise, I might destroy you on the way.”

4When the people heard this bad news, they went into mourning, and no one put on any of his jewelry.

5For the LORD had said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I should go with you for a single moment, I would destroy you. Now take off your jewelry, and I will decide what to do with you.’”

6So the Israelites stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward.

7Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it at a distance outside the camp. He called it the Tent of Meeting, and anyone inquiring of the LORD would go to the Tent of Meeting outside the camp.

8Then, whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people would stand at the entrances to their own tents and watch Moses until he entered the tent.

9As Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would come down and remain at the entrance, and the LORD would speak with Moses.

10When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, they would stand up and worship, each one at the entrance to his own tent.

11Thus the LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young assistant Joshua son of Nun would not leave the tent.

12Then Moses said to the LORD, “Look, You have been telling me, ‘Lead this people up,’ but You have not let me know whom You will send with me. Yet You have said, ‘I know you by name, and you have found favor in My sight.’

13Now if indeed I have found favor in Your sight, please let me know Your ways, that I may know You and find favor in Your sight. Remember that this nation is Your people.”

14And the LORD answered, “My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”

15“If Your Presence does not go with us,” Moses replied, “do not lead us up from here.

16For how then can it be known that Your people and I have found favor in Your sight, unless You go with us? How else will we be distinguished from all the other people on the face of the earth?”

17So the LORD said to Moses, “I will do this very thing you have asked, for you have found favor in My sight, and I know you by name.”

18Then Moses said, “Please show me Your glory.”

19“I will cause all My goodness to pass before you,” the LORD replied, “and I will proclaim My name—the LORD—in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”

20But He added, “You cannot see My face, for no one can see Me and live.”

21The LORD continued, “There is a place near Me where you are to stand upon a rock,

22and when My glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft of the rock and cover you with My hand until I have passed by.

23Then I will take My hand away, and you will see My back; but My face must not be seen.”

1And the LORD said unto Moses, Depart,

2And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:

3Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou

4And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and no man did put on him his ornaments.

5For the LORD had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye

6And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by the mount Horeb.

7And Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp, afar off from the camp, and called it the Tabernacle of the congregation. And it came to pass,

8And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the tabernacle,

9And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended, and stood

10And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand

11And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the tabernacle.

12And Moses said unto the LORD, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people: and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found grace in my sight.

13Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight: and consider that this nation

14And he said, My presence shall go

15And he said unto him, If thy presence go not

16For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight?

17And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name.

18And he said, I beseech thee, shew me thy glory.

19And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy.

20And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.

21And the LORD said, Behold,

22And it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a clift of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by:

23And I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.

1And Jehovah spake unto Moses, Depart, go up hence, thou and the people that thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, unto the land of which I sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, Unto thy seed will I give it:

2and I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:

3unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee, for thou art a stiffnecked people, lest I consume thee in the way.

4And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and no man did put on him his ornaments.

5And Jehovah said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiffnecked people; if I go up into the midst of thee for one moment, I shall consume thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee.

6And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments from mount Horeb onward.

7Now Moses used to take the tent and to pitch it without the camp, afar off from the camp; and he called it, The tent of meeting. And it came to pass, that every one that sought Jehovah went out unto the tent of meeting, which was without the camp.

8And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the Tent, that all the people rose up, and stood, every man at his tent door, and looked after Moses, until he was gone into the Tent.

9And it came to pass, when Moses entered into the Tent, the pillar of cloud descended, and stood at the door of the Tent: and [Jehovah] spake with Moses.

10And all the people saw the pillar of cloud stand at the door of the Tent: and all the people rose up and worshipped, every man at his tent door.

11And Jehovah spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his minister Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the Tent.

12And Moses said unto Jehovah, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people: and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found favor in my sight.

13Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found favor in thy sight, show me now thy ways, that I may know thee, to the end that I may find favor in thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people.

14And he said, My presence shall go [with thee], and I will give thee rest.

15And he said unto him, If thy presence go not [with me], carry us not up hence.

16For wherein now shall it be known that I have found favor in thy sight, I and thy people? is it not in that thou goest with us, so that we are separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are upon the face of the earth?

17And Jehovah said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken; for thou hast found favor in my sight, and I know thee by name.

18And he said, Show me, I pray thee, thy glory.

19And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and will proclaim the name of Jehovah before thee; and I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.

20And he said, Thou canst not see my face; for man shall not see me and live.

21and Jehovah said, Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon the rock:

22and it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a cleft of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand until I have passed by:

23and I will take away my hand, and thou shalt see my back; but my face shall not be seen.

1The Lord said to Moses, “Go up from here, you and the people whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land I promised on oath to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your descendants.’

2I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

3Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people, and I might destroy you on the way.”

4When the people heard this troubling word they mourned; no one put on his ornaments.

5For the Lord had said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I went up among you for a moment, I might destroy you. Now take off your ornaments that I may know what I should do to you.’”

6So the Israelites stripped off their ornaments by Mount Horeb.

7Moses took the tent and pitched it outside the camp, at a good distance from the camp, and he called it the tent of meeting. Anyone seeking the Lord would go out to the tent of meeting that was outside the camp.

8And when Moses went out to the tent, all the people would get up and stand at the entrance to their tents and watch Moses until he entered the tent.

9And whenever Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and the Lord would speak with Moses.

10When all the people would see the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people, each one at the entrance of his own tent, would rise and worship.

11The Lord would speak to Moses face to face, the way a person speaks to a friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his servant, Joshua son of Nun, a young man, did not leave the tent.

12Moses said to the Lord, “See, you have been saying to me, ‘Bring this people up,’ but you have not let me know whom you will send with me. But you said, ‘I know you by name, and also you have found favor in my sight.’

13Now if I have found favor in your sight, show me your way, that I may know you, that I may continue to find favor in your sight. And see that this nation is your people.”

14And the Lord said, “My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”

15And Moses said to him, “If your presence does not go with us, do not take us up from here.

16For how will it be known then that I have found favor in your sight, I and your people? Is it not by your going with us, so that we will be distinguished, I and your people, from all the people who are on the face of the earth?”

17The Lord said to Moses, “I will do this thing also that you have requested, for you have found favor in my sight, and I know you by name.”

18And Moses said, “Show me your glory.”

19And the Lord said, “I will make all my goodness pass before your face, and I will proclaim the Lord by name before you; I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious; I will show mercy to whom I will show mercy.”

20But he added, “You cannot see my face, for no one can see me and live.”

21The Lord said, “Here is a place by me; you will station yourself on a rock.

22When my glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft in the rock and will cover you with my hand while I pass by.

23Then I will take away my hand, and you will see my back, but my face must not be seen.”

1Yahweh spoke to Moses, “Depart, go up from here, you and the people that you have brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your offspring.’

2I will send an angel before you; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:

3to a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you on the way.”

4When the people heard this evil news, they mourned: and no one put on his jewelry.

5Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell the children of Israel, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I were to go up among you for one moment, I would consume you. Therefore now take off your jewelry from you, that I may know what to do to you.’”

6The children of Israel stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward.

7Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it outside the camp, far away from the camp, and he called it “The Tent of Meeting.” Everyone who sought Yahweh went out to the Tent of Meeting, which was outside the camp.

8When Moses went out to the Tent, all the people rose up, and stood, everyone at their tent door, and watched Moses, until he had gone into the Tent.

9When Moses entered into the Tent, the pillar of cloud descended, stood at the door of the Tent, and spoke with Moses.

10All the people saw the pillar of cloud stand at the door of the Tent, and all the people rose up and worshiped, everyone at their tent door.

11Yahweh spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. He turned again into the camp, but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, didn’t depart from the Tent.

12Moses said to Yahweh, “Behold, you tell me, ‘Bring up this people:’ and you haven’t let me know whom you will send with me. Yet you have said, ‘I know you by name, and you have also found favor in my sight.’

13Now therefore, if I have found favor in your sight, please show me now your way, that I may know you, so that I may find favor in your sight: and consider that this nation is your people.”

14He said, “My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”

15He said to him, “If your presence doesn’t go with me, don’t carry us up from here.

16For how would people know that I have found favor in your sight, I and your people? Isn’t it that you go with us, so that we are separated, I and your people, from all the people who are on the surface of the earth?”

17Yahweh said to Moses, “I will do this thing also that you have spoken; for you have found favor in my sight, and I know you by name.”

18He said, “Please show me your glory.”

19He said, “I will make all my goodness pass before you, and will proclaim Yahweh’s name before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.”

20He said, “You cannot see my face, for man may not see me and live.”

21Yahweh also said, “Behold, there is a place by me, and you shall stand on the rock.

22It will happen, while my glory passes by, that I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and will cover you with my hand until I have passed by;

23then I will take away my hand, and you will see my back; but my face shall not be seen.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

After the golden calf incident, God tells Moses He will send an angel to lead Israel to the promised land but will not go among them Himself, lest He consume them for their stubbornness, prompting the people to mourn and remove their ornaments (vv. 1-6). Moses meets with God at the tent of meeting outside the camp, speaking with Him face to face as a friend, and pleads for God's own presence to go with Israel rather than an angel alone, a request God grants (vv. 7-17). Moses then asks to see God's glory, and God agrees to let His goodness pass by while hiding Moses in the cleft of a rock, allowing him to see only His back (vv. 18-23).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Classification: Law and Narrative — Tabernacle Construction
Key Themes: An offer of an angel instead of God's own presence, a leader who refuses to move without it, conversation described as between friends, and a request to see glory answered by a hand over a cleft in the rock
Historical Context: Exodus 33 follows the golden calf disaster and records the crisis of God's presence. God tells Israel He will send an angel but will not go with them Himself, lest His holiness consume them (v.3). This chapter captures the tension between God's justice (which demands distance from sin) and His grace (which ultimately restores relationship). It is one of the most intimate chapters in the Old Testament regarding the relationship between God and Moses. The climax is Moses' request "Shew me thy glory" (v.18) — the deepest desire of the human heart expressed in four words. God's response reveals both His accessibility and His transcendence: He will show His goodness and proclaim His name, but Moses cannot see His face and live. God places Moses in the cleft of the rock and covers him with His hand — a stunning picture of divine protection that enables encounter with the Holy.
An Angel Instead of My Presence (vv.1-6): God promises the land and an angel to drive out its inhabitants, and then withholds the one thing that mattered: I will not go up in the midst of thee, lest I consume thee. The offer is everything except himself. The people mourn and strip off their ornaments, which is the first sign in the book of grief over the right thing.
Face to Face, as a Man Speaketh unto His Friend (vv.7-11): The tent of meeting is pitched outside the camp, and the distance is the point — God is accessible but no longer in the middle. When Moses goes out the people stand at their tent doors and watch, and worship. The description of the conversation is the most intimate phrase in the Pentateuch: the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend.
If Thy Presence Go Not (vv.12-17): Moses presses the point the chapter turns on. He will not move the nation forward on the strength of a promise of land: if thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence. His argument is that presence is the only thing distinguishing Israel from every other people, not numbers or strength or territory. God agrees, and the agreement is granted on the ground that Moses has found grace and is known by name.
Shew Me Thy Glory (vv.18-23): Four words that are the deepest request in the book, and the answer holds accessibility and transcendence together. God will make his goodness pass by and proclaim his name, but no man shall see his face and live. So Moses is put in a cleft of the rock with God's hand over him until he has passed by, and sees only his back. Protection is what makes the encounter survivable.

Map & Geography

  • Mount Sinai / the camp: God threatens to withdraw His presence from among Israel. The "tent of meeting" is pitched "without the camp, afar off" (v.7) — symbolizing the distance sin creates.
  • "The cleft of the rock" (v.22): God places Moses in a rock on Sinai to reveal His glory.

Places on this map

  • Mount SinaiJebel Musa, Sinai Peninsula, EgyptTraditionally Jebel Musa in the granite mountains of the southern Sinai peninsula, about 7,500 feet high. The identification dates from Christian monastic tradition rather than from the text, and other candidates have been proposed, but this has been the pilgrimage site since the fourth century. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes Moses' refusal to go without God's presence as a model for believers. He notes the "cleft of the rock" as a picture of Christ — we can only see God's glory safely when hidden in Him.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

SEEING GOD’S GLORY - Exodus 33:18
David Guzik

The Glory Of God - Part 1 (Exodus 33)
David Guzik

Exodus 33:1-11 - I AM Present With You
David Guzik

Exodus 33:12-23 - I AM the God of Glory
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the shape of the rescue from Egypt and where the story is going.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Exodus -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Friendship With God (v.11) — The LORD spoke with Moses face to face, as one speaks with a friend. What in your life cultivates that kind of closeness with God rather than a distant, formal relationship?
  • Choosing Presence Over Ease (v.15) — Moses refused to move forward without God's presence going with him, even if the path ahead looked harder without it. Would you choose a harder road with God over an easier one without Him?
  • The Deepest Request of the Heart (v.18) — Moses asked to see God's glory, revealing what he wanted most was God Himself rather than what God could provide. Is your deepest desire for God, or mainly for what He gives you?
  • Glory Defined by Goodness and Character (v.19) — God answered Moses' request by proclaiming His goodness and His name, not a display of raw power. How does this reshape what you picture when you think of God's glory?
  • Hidden in the Cleft of the Rock (v.22) — God protected Moses in the rock so he could witness His glory and survive it. How does being hidden in Christ let you encounter God's holiness without being overwhelmed by it?