Exodus — Chapter 19
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1In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they
2For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come
3And Moses went up unto God, and the LORD called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel;
4Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and
5Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth
6And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These
7And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him.
8And all the people answered together, and said, All that the LORD hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto the LORD.
9And the LORD said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe thee for ever. And Moses told the words of the people unto the LORD.
10And the LORD said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify them to day and to morrow, and let them wash their clothes,
11And be ready against the third day: for the third day the LORD will come down in the sight of all the people upon mount Sinai.
12And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves,
13There shall not an hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether
14And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes.
15And he said unto the people, Be ready against the third day: come not at
16And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that
17And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount.
18And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.
19And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice.
20And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses
21And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish.
22And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.
23And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it.
24And the LORD said unto him, Away, get thee down, and thou shalt come up, thou, and Aaron with thee: but let not the priests and the people break through to come up unto the LORD, lest he break forth upon them.
25So Moses went down unto the people, and spake unto them.
1In the third month after the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai.
2And when they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the wilderness of Sinai, they encamped in the wilderness; and there Israel encamped before the mount.
3And Moses went up unto God, and Jehovah called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel:
4Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles` wings, and brought you unto myself.
5Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be mine own possession from among all peoples: for all the earth is mine:
6and ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.
7And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which Jehovah commanded him.
8And all the people answered together, and said, All that Jehovah hath spoken we will do. And Moses reported the words of the people unto Jehovah.
9And Jehovah said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and may also believe thee for ever. And Moses told the words of the people unto Jehovah.
10And Jehovah said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify them to-day and to-morrow, and let them wash their garments,
11and be ready against the third day; for the third day Jehovah will come down in the sight of all the people upon mount Sinai.
12And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death:
13no hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, he shall not live: when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount.
14And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their garments.
15And he said unto the people, Be ready against the third day: come not near a woman.
16And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a trumpet exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled.
17And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount.
18And mount Sinai, the whole of it, smoked, because Jehovah descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.
19And when the voice of the trumpet waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice.
20And Jehovah came down upon mount Sinai, to the top of the mount: and Jehovah called Moses to the top of the mount; and Moses went up.
21And Jehovah said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto Jehovah to gaze, and many of them perish.
22And let the priests also, that come near to Jehovah, sanctify themselves, lest Jehovah break forth upon them.
23And Moses said unto Jehovah, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou didst charge us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it.
24And Jehovah said unto him, Go, get thee down; and thou shalt come up, thou, and Aaron with thee: but let not the priests and the people break through to come up unto Jehovah, lest he break forth upon them.
25So Moses went down unto the people, and told them.
1In the third month after the Israelites went out from the land of Egypt, on the very day, they came to the desert of Sinai.
2After they journeyed from Rephidim, they came to the desert of Sinai, and they camped in the desert; Israel camped there in front of the mountain.
3Moses went up to God, and the Lord called to him from the mountain, “Thus you will tell the house of Jacob, and declare to the people of Israel:
4‘You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt and how I lifted you on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself.
5And now, if you will diligently listen to me and keep my covenant, then you will be my special possession out of all the nations, for all the earth is mine,
6and you will be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you will speak to the Israelites.”
7So Moses came and summoned the elders of Israel. He set before them all these words that the Lord had commanded him,
8and all the people answered together, “All that the Lord has commanded we will do!” So Moses brought the words of the people back to the Lord.
9The Lord said to Moses, “I am going to come to you in a dense cloud, so that the people may hear when I speak with you and so that they will always believe in you.” And Moses told the words of the people to the Lord.
10The Lord said to Moses, “Go to the people and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and make them wash their clothes
11and be ready for the third day, for on the third day the Lord will come down on Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people.
12You must set boundaries for the people all around, saying, ‘Take heed to yourselves not to go up on the mountain nor touch its edge. Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death!
13No hand will touch him—but he will surely be stoned or shot through, whether a beast or a human being; he must not live.’ When the ram’s horn sounds a long blast they may go up on the mountain.”
14Then Moses went down from the mountain to the people and sanctified the people, and they washed their clothes.
15He said to the people, “Be ready for the third day. Do not approach your wives for marital relations.”
16On the third day in the morning there was thunder and lightning and a dense cloud on the mountain, and the sound of a very loud horn; all the people who were in the camp trembled.
17Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God, and they took their place at the foot of the mountain.
18Now Mount Sinai was completely covered with smoke because the Lord had descended on it in fire, and its smoke went up like the smoke of a great furnace, and the whole mountain shook violently.
19When the sound of the horn grew louder and louder, Moses was speaking and God was answering him with a voice.
20The Lord came down on Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain, and the Lord summoned Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
21The Lord said to Moses, “Go down and solemnly warn the people, lest they force their way through to the Lord to look, and many of them perish.
22Let the priests also, who approach the Lord, sanctify themselves, lest the Lord break through against them.”
23Moses said to the Lord, “The people are not able to come up to Mount Sinai, because you solemnly warned us, ‘Set boundaries for the mountain and set it apart.’”
24The Lord said to him, “Go, get down, and then come up, and Aaron with you, but do not let the priests and the people force their way through to come up to the Lord, lest he break through against them.”
25So Moses went down to the people and spoke to them.
1In the third month after the children of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on that same day they came into the wilderness of Sinai.
2When they had departed from Rephidim, and had come to the wilderness of Sinai, they encamped in the wilderness; and there Israel encamped before the mountain.
3Moses went up to God, and Yahweh called to him out of the mountain, saying, “This is what you shall tell the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel:
4‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings, and brought you to myself.
5Now therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice, and keep my covenant, then you shall be my own possession from among all peoples; for all the earth is mine;
6and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.’ These are the words which you shall speak to the children of Israel.”
7Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which Yahweh commanded him.
8All the people answered together, and said, “All that Yahweh has spoken we will do.” Moses reported the words of the people to Yahweh.
9Yahweh said to Moses, “Behold, I come to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever.” Moses told the words of the people to Yahweh.
10Yahweh said to Moses, “Go to the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments,
11and be ready against the third day; for on the third day Yahweh will come down in the sight of all the people on Mount Sinai.
12You shall set bounds to the people all around, saying, ‘Be careful that you don’t go up onto the mountain, or touch its border. Whoever touches the mountain shall be surely put to death.
13No hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether it is animal or man, he shall not live.’ When the trumpet sounds long, they shall come up to the mountain.”
14Moses went down from the mountain to the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes.
15He said to the people, “Be ready by the third day. Don’t have sexual relations with a woman.”
16On the third day, when it was morning, there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of an exceedingly loud trumpet; and all the people who were in the camp trembled.
17Moses led the people out of the camp to meet God; and they stood at the lower part of the mountain.
18All of Mount Sinai smoked, because Yahweh descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.
19When the sound of the trumpet grew louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by a voice.
20Yahweh came down on Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain. Yahweh called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
21Yahweh said to Moses, “Go down, warn the people, lest they break through to Yahweh to gaze, and many of them perish.
22Let the priests also, who come near to Yahweh, sanctify themselves, lest Yahweh break out on them.”
23Moses said to Yahweh, “The people can’t come up to Mount Sinai, for you warned us, saying, ‘Set bounds around the mountain, and sanctify it.’”
24Yahweh said to him, “Go down! You shall bring Aaron up with you, but don’t let the priests and the people break through to come up to Yahweh, lest he break out against them.”
25So Moses went down to the people, and told them.
Summary
Israel arrives at Sinai; God proposes a covenant — if they obey, they will be His treasured possession, a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Mount Sinai (v.2): Israel arrives at "the wilderness of Sinai" and camps "before the mount" (v.2). This becomes the central location for Exodus 19-40.
- The mountain itself: God descends on it with fire, smoke, thunder; boundaries set around its base (vv.12, 18). No one may touch it.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers God's covenant proposal, Israel's identity as a kingdom of priests, the terrifying theophany, and the tension between God's nearness and His unapproachable holiness.
- Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "Eagles' Wings" on v.4 (MTP Vol. 34, No. 2010) "I bare you on EAGLES' WINGS — the eagle carries her young on her wings, not in her claws. Beneath them, not gripping them. If an arrow comes, it strikes the mother, not the young. God carries you the same way — beneath you are the everlasting arms (Deuteronomy 33:27). If judgment comes, it strikes HIM, not you. You ride on His strength. You rest on His wings. And where does He carry you? 'Unto MYSELF.' Not merely to safety, not merely to the Promised Land — unto HIMSELF. The destination of redemption is God Himself. He saves you FOR Himself."
- Sermon: "A Kingdom of Priests" on v.6 (MTP Vol. 22, No. 1316) "A kingdom of PRIESTS — every Israelite a priest. Not just Levi, not just Aaron — the whole nation. And Peter takes this and applies it to the church: 'a royal priesthood' (1 Peter 2:9). Every believer is a priest — with access to God, with a sacrifice to offer, with intercession to make. You do not need a human mediator between you and God. Christ is your High Priest — and you are a priest under Him."
Reflection
- 1. "I bare you on eagles' wings, and brought you unto myself" (v.4). God carried you — you didn't carry yourself. And His destination for you is HIMSELF — not just heaven, not just blessing, but intimate relationship with Him. Is that your goal?
- 2. "A kingdom of priests, and an holy nation" (v.6). You are a priest — with direct access to God and responsibility to represent Him to the world. Are you living as a priest? Offering worship, making intercession, declaring God's excellencies?
- 3. "All that the LORD hath spoken we will do" (v.8). Israel said yes before hearing the terms. Bold — but also naive. They couldn't keep this promise. Neither can we — which is why we need grace. The Law reveals our need for a Savior.
- 4. The mountain trembled, smoked, and burned (v.18). God is not tame. He is not a comfortable concept. He is holy fire. Do you approach Him with appropriate reverence — or have you domesticated Him?
- 5. God came DOWN (v.20). Despite the fire and boundaries, God descends. He initiates. He approaches. The holy God moves toward sinful people. This is grace — and it reaches its fullness in the incarnation.