Ezekiel — Chapter 23

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1Again the word of the LORD came to me, saying,

2“Son of man, there were two women, daughters of the same mother,

3and they played in Egypt, prostituting themselves from their youth. Their breasts were fondled there, and their virgin bosoms caressed.

4The older was named Oholah, and her sister was named Oholibah. They became Mine and gave birth to sons and daughters. As for their identities, Oholah is Samaria, and Oholibah is Jerusalem.

5Oholah prostituted herself while she was still Mine. She lusted after her lovers, the Assyrians—warriors

6clothed in blue, governors and commanders, all desirable young men, horsemen mounted on steeds.

7She offered sexual favors to all the elite of Assyria. She defiled herself with all the idols of those for whom she lusted.

8She did not give up the prostitution she began in Egypt, when men slept with her in her youth, caressed her virgin bosom, and poured out their lust upon her.

9Therefore I delivered her into the hands of her lovers, the Assyrians for whom she lusted.

10They exposed her nakedness, seized her sons and daughters, and put her to the sword. Thus she became a byword among women, and they executed judgment against her.

11Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet in her lust and prostitution she was more depraved than her sister.

12She too lusted after the Assyrians—governors and commanders, warriors dressed in splendor, horsemen riding on steeds, all desirable young men.

13And I saw that she too had defiled herself; both of them had taken the same path.

14But Oholibah carried her prostitution even further. She saw the men portrayed on the wall, images of the Chaldeans, engraved in vermilion,

15wearing belts on their waists and flowing turbans on their heads; all of them looked like officers of the Babylonians in Chaldea, the land of their birth.

16At the sight of them, she lusted for them and sent messengers to them in Chaldea.

17Then the Babylonians came to her, to the bed of love, and in their lust they defiled her. But after she had been defiled by them, she turned away in disgust.

18When Oholibah openly prostituted herself and exposed her nakedness, I turned away from her in disgust, just as I had turned away from her sister.

19Yet she multiplied her promiscuity, remembering the days of her youth, when she had prostituted herself in the land of Egypt

20and lusted after their lovers, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of stallions.

21So you revisited the indecency of your youth, when the Egyptians caressed your bosom and pressed your young breasts.

22Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will incite your lovers against you, those from whom you turned away in disgust. And I will bring them against you from every side—

23the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them—all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.

24They will come against you with a host of peoples, with weapons, chariots, and wagons. They will array themselves against you on every side with buckler and shield and helmet. I will delegate judgment to them, and they will punish you according to their own standards.

25And I will set My jealous rage against you, and they will deal with you in fury. They will cut off your noses and ears, and your survivors will fall by the sword. They will seize your sons and daughters, and your remnant will be consumed by fire.

26They will strip off your clothes and take your fine jewelry.

27So I will put an end to your indecency and prostitution, which began in the land of Egypt, and you will not lift your eyes to them or remember Egypt anymore.’

28For this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Surely I will deliver you into the hands of those you hate, from whom you turned away in disgust.

29They will treat you with hatred, take all for which you have worked, and leave you naked and bare, so that the shame of your prostitution will be exposed. Your indecency and promiscuity

30have brought these things upon you, because you have prostituted yourself with the nations and defiled yourself with their idols.

31Because you have followed the path of your sister, I will put her cup into your hand.’

32This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘You will drink your sister’s cup, a cup deep and wide. It will bring scorn and derision, for it holds so much.

33You will be filled with drunkenness and grief, with a cup of devastation and desolation, the cup of your sister Samaria.

34You will drink it and drain it; you will dash it to pieces, and tear your breasts. For I have spoken,’ declares the Lord GOD.

35Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because you have forgotten Me and have cast Me behind your back, you must bear the consequences of your indecency and prostitution.’”

36Then the LORD said to me: “Son of man, will you pass judgment against Oholah and Oholibah? Then declare to them their abominations.

37For they have committed adultery, and blood is on their hands. They have committed adultery with their idols. They have even sacrificed their children, whom they bore to Me, in the fire as food for their idols.

38They have also done this to Me: On that very same day, they defiled My sanctuary and profaned My Sabbaths.

39On the very day they slaughtered their children for their idols, they entered My sanctuary to profane it. Yes, they did this inside My house.

40Furthermore, you sisters sent messengers for men who came from afar; and behold, when they arrived, you bathed for them, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry.

41You sat on a couch of luxury with a table spread before it, on which you had set My incense and My oil,

42accompanied by the sound of a carefree crowd. Drunkards were brought in from the desert along with men from the rabble, who put bracelets on your wrists and beautiful crowns on your head.

43Then I said of her who had grown old in adulteries: ‘Now let them use her as a prostitute, for that is all she is!’

44And they slept with her as with a prostitute; they slept with Oholah and Oholibah, those lewd women.

45But righteous men will sentence them to the punishment of those who commit adultery and bloodshed, because they are adulteresses with blood on their hands.

46This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Bring a mob against them and consign them to terror and plunder.

47The mob will stone them and cut them down with their swords. They will kill their sons and daughters and burn down their houses.

48So I will put an end to indecency in the land, and all the women will be admonished not to imitate your behavior.

49They will repay you for your indecency, and you will bear the consequences of your sins of idolatry. Then you will know that I am the Lord GOD.’”

1The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,

2Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother:

3And they committed whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth: there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of their virginity.

4And the names of them were Aholah the elder, and Aholibah her sister: and they were mine, and they bare sons and daughters. Thus were their names; Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah.

5And Aholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbours,

6Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses.

7Thus she committed her whoredoms with them, with all them that were the chosen men of Assyria, and with all on whom she doted: with all their idols she defiled herself.

8Neither left she her whoredoms brought from Egypt: for in her youth they lay with her, and they bruised the breasts of her virginity, and poured their whoredom upon her.

9Wherefore I have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted.

10These discovered her nakedness: they took her sons and her daughters, and slew her with the sword: and she became famous among women; for they had executed judgment upon her.

11And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in her whoredoms.

12She doted upon the Assyrians her neighbours, captains and rulers clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them desirable young men.

13Then I saw that she was defiled, that they took both one way,

14And that she increased her whoredoms: for when she saw men pourtrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans pourtrayed with vermilion,

15Girded with girdles upon their loins, exceeding in dyed attire upon their heads, all of them princes to look to, after the manner of the Babylonians of Chaldea, the land of their nativity:

16And as soon as she saw them with her eyes, she doted upon them, and sent messengers unto them into Chaldea.

17And the Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their whoredom, and she was polluted with them, and her mind was alienated from them.

18So she discovered her whoredoms, and discovered her nakedness: then my mind was alienated from her, like as my mind was alienated from her sister.

19Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.

20For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.

21Thus thou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in bruising thy teats by the Egyptians for the paps of thy youth.

22Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy mind is alienated, and I will bring them against thee on every side;

23The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.

24And they shall come against thee with chariots, wagons, and wheels, and with an assembly of people, which shall set against thee buckler and shield and helmet round about: and I will set judgment before them, and they shall judge thee according to their judgments.

25And I will set my jealousy against thee, and they shall deal furiously with thee: they shall take away thy nose and thine ears; and thy remnant shall fall by the sword: they shall take thy sons and thy daughters; and thy residue shall be devoured by the fire.

26They shall also strip thee out of thy clothes, and take away thy fair jewels.

27Thus will I make thy lewdness to cease from thee, and thy whoredom brought from the land of Egypt: so that thou shalt not lift up thine eyes unto them, nor remember Egypt any more.

28For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will deliver thee into the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy mind is alienated:

29And they shall deal with thee hatefully, and shall take away all thy labour, and shall leave thee naked and bare: and the nakedness of thy whoredoms shall be discovered, both thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.

30I will do these things unto thee, because thou hast gone a whoring after the heathen, and because thou art polluted with their idols.

31Thou hast walked in the way of thy sister; therefore will I give her cup into thine hand.

32Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou shalt drink of thy sister’s cup deep and large: thou shalt be laughed to scorn and had in derision; it containeth much.

33Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria.

34Thou shalt even drink it and suck it out, and thou shalt break the sherds thereof, and pluck off thine own breasts: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.

35Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behind thy back, therefore bear thou also thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.

36The LORD said moreover unto me; Son of man, wilt thou judge Aholah and Aholibah? yea, declare unto them their abominations;

37That they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and with their idols have they committed adultery, and have also caused their sons, whom they bare unto me, to pass for them through the fire, to devour them.

38Moreover this they have done unto me: they have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths.

39For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, thus have they done in the midst of mine house.

40And furthermore, that ye have sent for men to come from far, unto whom a messenger was sent; and, lo, they came: for whom thou didst wash thyself, paintedst thy eyes, and deckedst thyself with ornaments,

41And satest upon a stately bed, and a table prepared before it, whereupon thou hast set mine incense and mine oil.

42And a voice of a multitude being at ease was with her: and with the men of the common sort were brought Sabeans from the wilderness, which put bracelets upon their hands, and beautiful crowns upon their heads.

43Then said I unto her that was old in adulteries, Will they now commit whoredoms with her, and she with them?

44Yet they went in unto her, as they go in unto a woman that playeth the harlot: so went they in unto Aholah and unto Aholibah, the lewd women.

45And the righteous men, they shall judge them after the manner of adulteresses, and after the manner of women that shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.

46For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will bring up a company upon them, and will give them to be removed and spoiled.

47And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire.

48Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness.

49And they shall recompense your lewdness upon you, and ye shall bear the sins of your idols: and ye shall know that I am the Lord GOD.

1The word of Jehovah came again unto me, saying,

2Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother:

3and they played the harlot in Egypt; they played the harlot in their youth; there were their breasts pressed, and there was handled the bosom of their virginity.

4And the names of them were Oholah the elder, and Oholibah her sister: and they became mine, and they bare sons and daughters. And as for their names, Samaria is Oholah, and Jerusalem Oholibah.

5And Oholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians [her] neighbors,

6who were clothed with blue, governors and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses.

7And she bestowed her whoredoms upon them, the choicest men of Assyria all of them; and on whomsoever she doted, with all their idols she defiled herself.

8Neither hath she left her whoredoms since [the days of] Egypt; for in her youth they lay with her, and they handled the bosom of her virginity; and they poured out their whoredom upon her.

9Wherefore I delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted.

10These uncovered her nakedness; they took her sons and her daughters; and her they slew with the sword: and she became a byword among women; for they executed judgments upon her.

11And her sister Oholibah saw this, yet was she more corrupt in her doting than she, and in her whoredoms which were more than the whoredoms of her sister.

12She doted upon the Assyrians, governors and rulers, [her] neighbors, clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them desirable young men.

13And I saw that she was defiled; they both took one way.

14And she increased her whoredoms; for she saw men portrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans portrayed with vermilion,

15girded with girdles upon their loins, with flowing turbans upon their heads, all of them princes to look upon, after the likeness of the Babylonians in Chaldea, the land of their nativity.

16And as soon as she saw them she doted upon them, and sent messengers unto them into Chaldea.

17And the Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their whoredom, and she was polluted with them, and her soul was alienated from them.

18So she uncovered her whoredoms, and uncovered her nakedness: then my soul was alienated from her, like as my soul was alienated from her sister.

19Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, remembering the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.

20And she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.

21Thus thou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in the handling of thy bosom by the Egyptians for the breasts of thy youth.

22Therefore, O Oholibah, thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Behold, I will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy soul is alienated, and I will bring them against thee on every side:

23the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, [and] all the Assyrians with them; desirable young men, governors and rulers all of them, princes and men of renown, all of them riding upon horses.

24And they shall come against thee with weapons, chariots, and wagons, and with a company of peoples; they shall set themselves against thee with buckler and shield and helmet round about; and I will commit the judgment unto them, and they shall judge thee according to their judgments.

25And I will set my jealousy against thee, and they shall deal with thee in fury; they shall take away thy nose and thine ears; and thy residue shall fall by the sword: they shall take thy sons and thy daughters; and thy residue shall be devoured by the fire.

26They shall also strip thee of thy clothes, and take away thy fair jewels.

27Thus will I make thy lewdness to cease from thee, and thy whoredom [brought] from the land of Egypt; so that thou shalt not lift up thine eyes unto them, nor remember Egypt any more.

28For thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Behold, I will deliver thee into the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy soul is alienated;

29and they shall deal with thee in hatred, and shall take away all thy labor, and shall leave thee naked and bare; and the nakedness of thy whoredoms shall be uncovered, both thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.

30These things shall be done unto thee, for that thou hast played the harlot after the nations, and because thou art polluted with their idols.

31Thou hast walked in the way of thy sister; therefore will I give her cup into thy hand.

32Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Thou shalt drink of thy sister`s cup, which is deep and large; thou shalt be laughed to scorn and had in derision; it containeth much.

33Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria.

34Thou shalt even drink it and drain it out, and thou shalt gnaw the sherds thereof, and shalt tear thy breasts; for I have spoken it, saith the Lord Jehovah.

35Therefore thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Because thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behind thy back, therefore bear thou also thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.

36Jehovah said moreover unto me: Son of man, wilt thou judge Oholah and Oholibah? then declare unto them their abominations.

37For they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands; and with their idols have they committed adultery; and they have also caused their sons, whom they bare unto me, to pass through [the fire] unto them to be devoured.

38Moreover this they have done unto me: they have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths.

39For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, thus have they done in the midst of my house.

40And furthermore ye have sent for men that come from far, unto whom a messenger was sent, and, lo, they came; for whom thou didst wash thyself, paint thine eyes, and deck thyself with ornaments,

41and sit upon a stately bed, with a table prepared before it, whereupon thou didst set mine incense and mine oil.

42And the voice of a multitude being at ease was with her: and with men of the common sort were brought drunkards from the wilderness; and they put bracelets upon the hands of them [twain], and beautiful crowns upon their heads.

43Then said I of her that was old in adulteries, Now will they play the harlot with her, and she [with them].

44And they went in unto her, as they go in unto a harlot: so went they in unto Oholah and unto Oholibah, the lewd women.

45And righteous men, they shall judge them with the judgment of adulteresses, and with the judgment of women that shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.

46For thus saith the Lord Jehovah: I will bring up a company against them, and will give them to be tossed to and fro and robbed.

47And the company shall stone them with stones, and despatch them with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire.

48Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness.

49And they shall recompense your lewdness upon you, and ye shall bear the sins of your idols; and ye shall know that I am the Lord Jehovah.

1The Lord’s message came to me:

2“Son of man, there were two women who were daughters of the same mother.

3They engaged in prostitution in Egypt; in their youth they engaged in prostitution. Their breasts were squeezed there; lovers fondled their virgin nipples there.

4Oholah was the name of the older and Oholibah the name of her younger sister. They became mine and gave birth to sons and daughters. Oholah is Samaria, and Oholibah is Jerusalem.

5“Oholah engaged in prostitution while she was mine. She lusted after her lovers, the Assyrians—warriors

6clothed in blue, governors and officials, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding on horses.

7She bestowed her sexual favors on them; all of them were the choicest young men of Assyria. She defiled herself with all whom she desired—with all their idols.

8She did not abandon the prostitution she had practiced in Egypt, for in her youth men went to bed with her, fondled her virgin breasts, and ravished her.

9Therefore I handed her over to her lovers, the Assyrians for whom she lusted.

10They exposed her nakedness, seized her sons and daughters, and killed her with the sword. She became notorious among women, and they executed judgments against her.

11“Her sister Oholibah watched this, but she became more corrupt in her lust than her sister had been, and her acts of prostitution were more numerous than those of her sister.

12She lusted after the Assyrians—governors and officials, warriors in full armor, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men.

13I saw that she was defiled; both of them followed the same path.

14But she increased her prostitution. She saw men carved on the wall, images of the Chaldeans carved in bright red,

15wearing belts on their waists and flowing turbans on their heads, all of them looking like officers, the image of Babylonians whose native land is Chaldea.

16When she saw them, she lusted after them and sent messengers to them in Chaldea.

17The Babylonians crawled into bed with her. They defiled her with their lust; after she was defiled by them, she became disgusted with them.

18When she lustfully exposed her nakedness, I was disgusted with her, just as I had been disgusted with her sister.

19Yet she increased her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth when she engaged in prostitution in the land of Egypt.

20She lusted after her lovers there, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of stallions.

21This is how you assessed the obscene conduct of your youth, when the Egyptians fondled your nipples and squeezed your young breasts.

22“Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look here, I am about to stir up against you the lovers with whom you were disgusted; I will bring them against you from every side:

23the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, all of them governors and officials, officers and nobles, all of them riding on horses.

24They will attack you with weapons, chariots, wagons, and with a huge army; they will array themselves against you on every side with large shields, small shields, and helmets. I will assign them the task of judgment; they will punish you according to their laws.

25I will direct my jealous anger against you, and they will deal with you in rage. They will cut off your nose and your ears, and your survivors will die by the sword. They will seize your sons and daughters, and your survivors will be consumed by fire.

26They will strip your clothes off you and take away your beautiful jewelry.

27So I will put an end to your obscene conduct and your prostitution that you have practiced in the land of Egypt. You will not seek their help or remember Egypt anymore.

28“For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look here, I am about to deliver you over to those whom you hate, to those with whom you were disgusted.

29They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for, and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct.

30I will do these things to you because you engaged in prostitution with the nations, polluting yourself with their idols.

31You have followed the ways of your sister, so I will place her cup of judgment in your hand.

32This is what the Sovereign Lord says: ‘You will drink your sister’s deep and wide cup; you will be scorned and derided, for it holds a great deal.

33You will be overcome by drunkenness and sorrow. The cup of your sister Samaria is a cup of horror and desolation.

34You will drain it dry, gnaw its pieces, and tear out your breasts, for I have spoken, declares the Sovereign Lord.’

35“Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Because you have forgotten me and completely disregarded me, you must bear now the punishment for your obscene conduct and prostitution.”

36The Lord said to me: “Son of man, are you willing to pronounce judgment on Oholah and Oholibah? Then declare to them their abominable deeds!

37For they have committed adultery, and blood is on their hands. They have committed adultery with their idols; and their sons, whom they bore to me, they have passed through the fire as food to their idols.

38Moreover, they have done this to me: In the very same day they desecrated my sanctuary and profaned my Sabbaths.

39On the same day they slaughtered their sons for their idols, they came to my sanctuary to desecrate it. This is what they have done in the middle of my house.

40“They even sent for men from far away; when the messenger arrived, those men set out. For them you bathed, painted your eyes, and decorated yourself with jewelry.

41You sat on a magnificent couch, with a table arranged in front of it where you placed my incense and my olive oil.

42The sound of a carefree crowd accompanied her, including all kinds of men; even Sabeans were brought from the desert. The sisters put bracelets on their wrists and beautiful crowns on their heads.

43Then I said about the one worn out by adultery, ‘Now they will commit immoral acts with her.’

44They slept with her the way someone sleeps with a prostitute. In this way they slept with Oholah and Oholibah, promiscuous women.

45But upright men will punish them appropriately for their adultery and bloodshed, because they are adulteresses and blood is on their hands.

46“For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Bring up an army against them and subject them to terror and plunder.

47That army will pelt them with stones and slash them with their swords; they will kill their sons and daughters and burn their houses.

48I will put an end to the obscene conduct in the land; all the women will learn a lesson from this and not engage in obscene conduct.

49They will repay you for your obscene conduct, and you will be punished for idol worship. Then you will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.”

1Yahweh’s word came again to me, saying,

2“Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother.

3They played the prostitute in Egypt. They played the prostitute in their youth. Their breasts were fondled there, and their youthful nipples were caressed there.

4Their names were Oholah the elder, and Oholibah her sister. They became mine, and they bore sons and daughters. As for their names, Samaria is Oholah, and Jerusalem Oholibah.

5“Oholah played the prostitute when she was mine. She doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbors,

6who were clothed with blue, governors and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding on horses.

7She gave herself as a prostitute to them, all of them the choicest men of Assyria. She defiled herself with the idols of whoever she lusted after.

8She hasn’t left her prostitution since leaving Egypt; for in her youth they lay with her. They carressed her youthful nipples; and they poured out their prostitution on her.

9“Therefore I delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, on whom she doted.

10These uncovered her nakedness. They took her sons and her daughters; and they killed her with the sword. She became a byword among women; for they executed judgments on her.

11“Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet she was more corrupt in her lusting than she, and in her prostitution which was more depraved than the prostitution of her sister.

12She lusted after the Assyrians, governors and rulers, her neighbors, clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men.

13I saw that she was defiled. They both went the same way.

14“She increased her prostitution; for she saw men portrayed on the wall, the images of the Chaldeans portrayed with red,

15dressed with belts on their waists, with flowing turbans on their heads, all of them looking like princes, after the likeness of the Babylonians in Chaldea, the land of their birth.

16As soon as she saw them, she lusted after them and sent messengers to them into Chaldea.

17The Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their prostitution. She was polluted with them, and her soul was alienated from them.

18So she uncovered her prostitution and uncovered her nakedness. Then my soul was alienated from her, just like my soul was alienated from her sister.

19Yet she multiplied her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth, in which she had played the prostitute in the land of Egypt.

20She lusted after their lovers, whose flesh is as the flesh of donkeys, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.

21Thus you called to memory the lewdness of your youth, in the caressing of your nipples by the Egyptians because of your youthful breasts.

22“Therefore, Oholibah, thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘Behold, I will raise up your lovers against you, from whom your soul is alienated, and I will bring them against you on every side:

23the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; all of them desirable young men, governors and rulers, princes and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

24They will come against you with weapons, chariots, and wagons, and with a company of peoples. They will set themselves against you with buckler, shield, and helmet all around. I will commit the judgment to them, and they will judge you according to their judgments.

25I will set my jealousy against you, and they will deal with you in fury. They will take away your nose and your ears. Your remnant will fall by the sword. They will take your sons and your daughters; and the rest of you will be devoured by the fire.

26They will also strip you of your clothes, and take away your beautiful jewels.

27Thus I will make your lewdness to cease from you, and remove your prostitution from the land of Egypt; so that you will not lift up your eyes to them, nor remember Egypt any more.’

28“For thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘Behold, I will deliver you into the hand of them whom you hate, into the hand of them from whom your soul is alienated.

29They will deal with you in hatred, and will take away all your labor, and will leave you naked and bare. The nakedness of your prostitution will be uncovered, both your lewdness and your prostitution.

30These things will be done to you, because you have played the prostitute after the nations, and because you are polluted with their idols.

31You have walked in the way of your sister; therefore will I give her cup into your hand.’

32“Thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘You will drink of your sister’s cup, which is deep and large. You will be ridiculed and held in derision. It contains much.

33You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of your sister Samaria.

34You will even drink it and drain it out. You will gnaw the broken pieces of it, and will tear your breasts; for I have spoken it,’ says the Lord Yahweh.

35“Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘Because you have forgotten me, and cast me behind your back, therefore you also bear your lewdness and your prostitution.’”

36Yahweh said moreover to me: “Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? Then declare to them their abominations.

37For they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands. They have committed adultery with their idols. They have also caused their sons, whom they bore to me, to pass through the fire to them to be devoured.

38Moreover this they have done to me: they have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my Sabbaths.

39For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and behold, they have done this in the middle of my house.

40“Furthermore you sisters have sent for men who come from far away, to whom a messenger was sent, and behold, they came; for whom you washed yourself, painted your eyes, decorated yourself with ornaments,

41and sat on a stately bed, with a table prepared before it, whereupon you set my incense and my oil.

42“The voice of a multitude being at ease was with her. With men of the common sort were brought drunkards from the wilderness; and they put bracelets on their hands, and beautiful crowns on their heads.

43Then I said of her who was old in adulteries, ‘Now they will play the prostitute with her, and she with them.’

44They went in to her, as they go in to a prostitute. So they went in to Oholah and to Oholibah, the lewd women.

45Righteous men will judge them with the judgment of adulteresses and with the judgment of women who shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.

46“For thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘I will bring up a mob against them, and will give them to be tossed back and forth and robbed.

47The company will stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords. They will kill their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire.

48“‘Thus I will cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to be lewd like you.

49They will recompense your lewdness on you, and you will bear the sins of your idols. Then you will know that I am the Lord Yahweh.’”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Ezekiel tells the allegory of two sisters, Oholah, representing Samaria, the northern kingdom, and Oholibah, representing Jerusalem, the southern kingdom, both pictured as wives who commit spiritual adultery through political alliances and idolatry, first with Assyria, then Egypt, then Babylon (vv. 1-21). Oholah is judged and destroyed for her unfaithfulness, yet Oholibah watches her sister's fate and becomes even worse (vv. 9-11). God sentences Oholibah to be handed over to the very nations she pursued as lovers, who will strip, mutilate, and destroy her, while a closing section reiterates the sisters' shared guilt in explicit terms (vv. 22-49).

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezekiel son of Buzi (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Allegory / Extended Metaphor
Key Themes: Spiritual adultery through political alliances, two sisters representing two kingdoms, unfaithfulness despite witnessing judgment, escalating sin, the lovers become the executioners, jealous judgment of a betrayed God
Historical Context: This chapter parallels Ezekiel 16 but with a different focus. Chapter 16 traced Jerusalem's history from infancy; chapter 23 focuses specifically on the political alliances that constituted spiritual adultery. The two sisters represent the two kingdoms that resulted from the division after Solomon (1 Kings 12).
Two Sisters, One Mother (vv.1-4): There were two women, the daughters of one mother, and they committed whoredoms in Egypt, so the allegory begins where chapter 20 began, before the exodus. The names are then given and decoded, Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah, spelled Oholah and Oholibah in most modern translations. Both are built on the Hebrew word for tent, and the usual reading is she has a tent of her own for the northern kingdom and my tent is in her for Jerusalem, which draws the distinction the chapter will work with: one sister had an unauthorised sanctuary and the other had the real one and used it no better.
Aholah and Her Assyrian Lovers (vv.5-10): The northern kingdom's history is told in one paragraph. She doted on the Assyrians her neighbours, and they are described the way an ally looks when you want one, captains and rulers clothed with blue, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses. The judgment is handed to the same parties, wherefore I delivered her into the hand of her lovers, and it is reported as completed, they took her sons and her daughters, and slew her with the sword. Samaria fell to Assyria in 722 BC, over a century before this was written, so this section is not a prediction. It is the precedent the rest of the chapter argues from, and it is stated in the past tense for that reason.
Aholibah, Worse Than Her Sister (vv.11-21): She saw all this, and the verdict on what she did with the knowledge is comparative, she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister. The attachments are listed in order: the Assyrians, then the Chaldeans, whose images she saw portrayed upon the wall with vermilion, girded with girdles and dyed attire, and to whom she sent messengers into Chaldea, and then back to Egypt again. Underneath the metaphor is Judah's actual foreign policy from Ahaz to Zedekiah, swinging between Assyria, Babylon and Egypt as each looked stronger, and the book treats every swing as the same act: a small state buying security from whoever has it, having been told where its security was.
The Sentence on Aholibah (vv.22-35): I will raise up thy lovers against thee, and the list of them is deliberately long, the Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, so that every ally appears as an attacker. They shall judge thee after their judgments, and what follows includes the mutilations that Assyrian and Babylonian practice used on captives, and the stripping of the garments and jewels that chapter 16 had listed as gifts. The section closes on the image that becomes standard prophetic shorthand, thou shalt drink of thy sister's cup, deep and large, the cup of astonishment and desolation. That cup runs through Jeremiah 25, Isaiah 51, and the Psalms, and stands behind the cup Jesus asks to be spared in Gethsemane.
Both Sisters Judged Together (vv.36-49): The final oracle addresses them jointly, and the charges named here are more cultic than political, they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and with their idols have they committed adultery, and have also caused their sons to pass for them through the fire. The aggravation is a matter of timing and it is the sharpest thing in the chapter, for when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it. The sentence is delivered by an assembly rather than by an army, and they shall judge them after the manner of adulteresses. And the purpose stated at the very end is didactic rather than punitive, that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness, which is what an allegory this graphic is finally for.

Map & Geography

  • Egypt (v.3, v.8, v.19): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.
  • Jerusalem (v.4): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Samaria (v.4, v.33): Central region between Judea and Galilee; mixed Jewish-Gentile population.
  • Assyria (v.7): Empire to the northeast that conquered the northern kingdom of Israel (722 BC).

Places on this map

  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • SamariaSebastia, West BankOmri bought a bare hill and built a capital on it, which gave the northern kingdom a fortress with no prior claim on it, the same calculation David made with Jerusalem. It commands the pass west toward the coastal plain. The name later spread to the whole region between Galilee and Judea. Wikipedia
  • Galileenorthern IsraelThe northern hill country above the Jezreel Valley, wetter and greener than Judah and crossed by the trade road to Damascus. That traffic is why Judeans considered it mixed and provincial, and why Jesus grew up hearing more than one language. Wikipedia
  • Assyrianorthern IraqThe upper Tigris heartland around Nineveh, Calah and Asshur. Its armies reached Israel by following the Fertile Crescent north-west and then south down the coast, so the threat always arrived from the north even though Assyria lay to the east. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Ezekiel 23 - Bible Study, Explanation, and Application
2BeLikeChrist

Ezekiel 22-23 | Jerusalem is Guilty | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Ezekiel -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Belonging to God First (v.4) — Both sisters belonged to God before they belonged to anyone else, and their unfaithfulness wounds Him as a betrayed husband, not a distant judge. Have you considered how your divided loyalties actually land on God's heart, not just on the moral ledger?
  • Watching Judgment and Learning Nothing (v.11) — Oholibah watches her sister be destroyed for the very sins she's committing, and instead of turning back she becomes worse. Have you watched someone face real consequences for a choice you're currently making, and assumed you'll somehow be the exception?
  • What You Run To Will Turn On You (v.22) — God announces that the very lovers Jerusalem trusted will become the instruments used against her. What are you currently running toward instead of God that could eventually become the source of your pain?
  • Cast Behind God's Back (v.35) — Because Jerusalem forgot God and threw Him behind her, God pronounces that she must now bear the consequences of that same neglect. Is God currently behind your back — behind your schedule, ambitions, or comfort — rather than in front of you?
  • Judgment Aimed at Being Known (v.49) — Even this severe judgment has one stated purpose: that they would know God is the Lord. Would you rather be corrected and truly know God, or left comfortable and drifting further from Him?