Ezekiel — Chapter 46

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1“This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘The gate of the inner court that faces east must be kept shut during the six days of work, but on the Sabbath day and on the day of the New Moon it shall be opened.

2The prince is to enter from the outside through the portico of the gateway and stand by the gatepost, while the priests sacrifice his burnt offerings and peace offerings. He is to bow in worship at the threshold of the gate and then depart, but the gate must not be shut until evening.

3On the Sabbaths and New Moons the people of the land are also to bow in worship before the LORD at the entrance to that gateway.

4The burnt offering that the prince presents to the LORD on the Sabbath day shall be six unblemished male lambs and an unblemished ram.

5The grain offering with the ram shall be one ephah, and the grain offering with the lambs shall be as much as he is able, along with a hin of oil per ephah.

6On the day of the New Moon he shall offer a young, unblemished bull, six lambs, and a ram without blemish.

7He is to provide a grain offering of an ephah with the bull, an ephah with the ram, and as much as he is able with the lambs, along with a hin of oil per ephah.

8When the prince enters, he shall go in through the portico of the gateway, and he shall go out the same way.

9When the people of the land come before the LORD at the appointed feasts, whoever enters by the north gate to worship must go out by the south gate, and whoever enters by the south gate must go out by the north gate. No one is to return through the gate by which he entered, but each must go out by the opposite gate.

10When the people enter, the prince shall go in with them, and when they leave, he shall leave.

11At the festivals and appointed feasts, the grain offering shall be an ephah with a bull, an ephah with a ram, and as much as one is able to give with the lambs, along with a hin of oil per ephah.

12When the prince makes a freewill offering to the LORD, whether a burnt offering or a peace offering, the gate facing east must be opened for him. He is to offer his burnt offering or peace offering just as he does on the Sabbath day. Then he shall go out, and the gate must be closed after he goes out.

13And you shall provide an unblemished year-old lamb as a daily burnt offering to the LORD; you are to offer it every morning.

14You are also to provide with it every morning a grain offering of a sixth of an ephah with a third of a hin of oil to moisten the fine flour—a grain offering to the LORD. This is a permanent statute.

15Thus they shall provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the oil every morning as a regular burnt offering.’

16This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘If the prince gives a gift to any of his sons as an inheritance, it will belong to his descendants. It will become their property by inheritance.

17But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will belong to that servant until the year of freedom; then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance belongs only to his sons; it shall be theirs.

18The prince must not take any of the inheritance of the people by evicting them from their property. He is to provide an inheritance for his sons from his own property, so that none of My people will be displaced from his property.’”

19Then the man brought me through the entrance at the side of the gate into the holy chambers facing north, which belonged to the priests, and he showed me a place there at the far western end

20and said to me, “This is the place where the priests shall boil the guilt offering and the sin offering, and where they shall bake the grain offering, so that they do not bring them into the outer court and transmit holiness to the people.”

21Then he brought me into the outer court and led me around to its four corners, and I saw a separate court in each of its corners.

22In the four corners of the outer court there were enclosed courts, each forty cubits long and thirty cubits wide. Each of the four corner areas had the same dimensions.

23Around the inside of each of the four courts was a row of masonry with ovens built at the base of the walls on all sides.

24And he said to me, “These are the kitchens where those who minister at the temple will cook the sacrifices offered by the people.”

1Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened.

2And the prince shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate without, and shall stand by the post of the gate, and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening.

3Likewise the people of the land shall worship at the door of this gate before the LORD in the sabbaths and in the new moons.

4And the burnt offering that the prince shall offer unto the LORD in the sabbath day shall be six lambs without blemish, and a ram without blemish.

5And the meat offering shall be an ephah for a ram, and the meat offering for the lambs as he shall be able to give, and an hin of oil to an ephah.

6And in the day of the new moon it shall be a young bullock without blemish, and six lambs, and a ram: they shall be without blemish.

7And he shall prepare a meat offering, an ephah for a bullock, and an ephah for a ram, and for the lambs according as his hand shall attain unto, and an hin of oil to an ephah.

8And when the prince shall enter, he shall go in by the way of the porch of that gate, and he shall go forth by the way thereof.

9But when the people of the land shall come before the LORD in the solemn feasts, he that entereth in by the way of the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate; and he that entereth by the way of the south gate shall go forth by the way of the north gate: he shall not return by the way of the gate whereby he came in, but shall go forth over against it.

10And the prince in the midst of them, when they go in, shall go in; and when they go forth, shall go forth.

11And in the feasts and in the solemnities the meat offering shall be an ephah to a bullock, and ephah to a ram, and to the lambs as he is able to give, and an hin of oil to an ephah.

12Now when the prince shall prepare a voluntary burnt offering or peace offerings voluntarily unto the LORD, one shall then open him the gate that looketh toward the east, and he shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, as he did on the sabbath day: then he shall go forth; and after his going forth one shall shut the gate.

13Thou shalt daily prepare a burnt offering unto the LORD of a lamb of the first year without blemish: thou shalt prepare it every morning.

14And thou shalt prepare a meat offering for it every morning, the sixth part of an ephah, and the third part of an hin of oil, to temper with the fine flour; a meat offering continually by a perpetual ordinance unto the LORD.

15Thus shall they prepare the lamb, and the meat offering, and the oil, every morning for a continual burnt offering.

16Thus saith the Lord GOD; If the prince give a gift unto any of his sons, the inheritance thereof shall be his sons’; it shall be their possession by inheritance.

17But if he give a gift of his inheritance to one of his servants, then it shall be his to the year of liberty; after it shall return to the prince: but his inheritance shall be his sons’ for them.

18Moreover the prince shall not take of the people’s inheritance by oppression, to thrust them out of their possession; but he shall give his sons inheritance out of his own possession: that my people be not scattered every man from his possession.

19After he brought me through the entry, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers of the priests, which looked toward the north: and, behold, there was a place on the two sides westward.

20Then said he unto me, This is the place where the priests shall boil the trespass offering and the sin offering, where they shall bake the meat offering; that they bear them not out into the utter court, to sanctify the people.

21Then he brought me forth into the utter court, and caused me to pass by the four corners of the court; and, behold, in every corner of the court there was a court.

22In the four corners of the court there were courts joined of forty cubits long and thirty broad: these four corners were of one measure.

23And there was a row of building round about in them, round about them four, and it was made with boiling places under the rows round about.

24Then said he unto me, These are the places of them that boil, where the ministers of the house shall boil the sacrifice of the people.

1Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened.

2And the prince shall enter by the way of the porch of the gate without, and shall stand by the post of the gate; and the priests shall prepare his burnt-offering and his peace-offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening.

3And the people of the land shall worship at the door of that gate before Jehovah on the sabbaths and on the new moons.

4And the burnt-offering that the prince shall offer unto Jehovah shall be on the sabbath day six lambs without blemish and a ram without blemish;

5and the meal-offering shall be an ephah for the ram, and the meal-offering for the lambs as he is able to give, and a hin of oil to an ephah.

6And on the day of the new moon it shall be a young bullock without blemish, and six lambs, and a ram; they shall be without blemish:

7and he shall prepare a meal-offering, an ephah for the bullock, and an ephah for the ram, and for the lambs according as he is able, and a hin of oil to an ephah.

8And when the prince shall enter, he shall go in by the way of the porch of the gate, and he shall go forth by the way thereof.

9But when the people of the land shall come before Jehovah in the appointed feasts, he that entereth by the way of the north gate to worship shall go forth by the way of the south gate; and he that entereth by the way of the south gate shall go forth by the way of the north gate: he shall not return by the way of the gate whereby he came in, but shall go forth straight before him.

10And the prince, when they go in, shall go in in the midst of them; and when they go forth, they shall go forth [together].

11And in the feasts and in the solemnities the meal-offering shall be an ephah for a bullock, and an ephah for a ram, and for the lambs as he is able to give, and a hin of oil to an ephah.

12And when the prince shall prepare a freewill-offering, a burnt-offering or peace-offerings as a freewill-offering unto Jehovah, one shall open for him the gate that looketh toward the east; and he shall prepare his burnt-offering and his peace-offerings, as he doth on the sabbath day: then he shall go forth; and after his going forth one shall shut the gate.

13And thou shalt prepare a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt-offering unto Jehovah daily: morning by morning shalt thou prepare it.

14And thou shalt prepare a meal-offering with it morning by morning, the sixth part of an ephah, and the third part of a hin of oil, to moisten the fine flour; a meal-offering unto Jehovah continually by a perpetual ordinance.

15Thus shall they prepare the lamb, and the meal-offering, and the oil, morning by morning, for a continual burnt-offering.

16Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: If the prince give a gift unto any of his sons, it is his inheritance, it shall belong to his sons; it is their possession by inheritance.

17But if he give of his inheritance a gift to one of his servants, it shall be his to the year of liberty; then it shall return to the prince; but as for his inheritance, it shall be for his sons.

18Moreover the prince shall not take of the people`s inheritance, to thrust them out of their possession; he shall give inheritance to his sons out of his own possession, that my people be not scattered every man from his possession.

19Then he brought me through the entry, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests, which looked toward the north: and, behold, there was a place on the hinder part westward.

20And he said unto me, This is the place where the priests shall boil the trespass-offering and the sin-offering, [and] where they shall bake the meal-offering; that they bring them not forth into the outer court, to sanctify the people.

21Then he brought me forth into the outer court, and caused me to pass by the four corners of the court; and, behold, in every corner of the court there was a court.

22In the four corners of the court there were courts inclosed, forty [cubits] long and thirty broad: these four in the corners were of one measure.

23And there was a wall round about in them, round about the four, and boiling-places were made under the walls round about.

24Then said he unto me, These are the boiling-houses, where the ministers of the house shall boil the sacrifice of the people.

1“‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: The gate of the inner court that faces east will be closed six working days, but on the Sabbath day it will be opened and on the day of the new moon it will be opened.

2The prince will enter by way of the porch of the gate from the outside and will stand by the doorpost of the gate. The priests will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he will bow down at the threshold of the gate and then go out. But the gate will not be closed until evening.

3The people of the land will bow down at the entrance of that gate before the Lord on the Sabbaths and on the new moons.

4The burnt offering that the prince will offer to the Lord on the Sabbath day will be six unblemished lambs and one unblemished ram.

5The grain offering will be an ephah with the ram, and the grain offering with the lambs will be as much as he is able to give, and a gallon of olive oil with an ephah.

6On the day of the new moon he will offer an unblemished young bull and six lambs and a ram, all without blemish.

7He will provide a grain offering: an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as he wishes, and a gallon of olive oil with each ephah of grain.

8When the prince enters, he will come by way of the porch of the gate and will go out the same way.

9“‘When the people of the land come before the Lord at the appointed feasts, whoever enters by way of the north gate to worship will go out by way of the south gate; whoever enters by way of the south gate will go out by way of the north gate. No one will return by way of the gate they entered but will go out straight ahead.

10When they come in, the prince will come in with them, and when they go out, he will go out.

11“‘At the festivals and at the appointed feasts the grain offering will be an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as one is able, and a gallon of olive oil with each ephah of grain.

12When the prince provides a freewill offering, a burnt offering, or peace offerings as a voluntary offering to the Lord, the gate facing east will be opened for him, and he will provide his burnt offering and his peace offerings just as he did on the Sabbath. Then he will go out, and the gate will be closed after he goes out.

13“‘You will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering daily to the Lord; morning by morning he will provide it.

14And you will provide a grain offering with it morning by morning, a sixth of an ephah and a third of a gallon of olive oil to moisten the choice flour, as a grain offering to the Lord; this is a perpetual statute.

15Thus they will provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the olive oil morning by morning as a perpetual burnt offering.

16“‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: If the prince should give a gift to one of his sons as his inheritance, it will belong to his sons; it is their property by inheritance.

17But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty; then it will revert to the prince. His inheritance will only remain with his sons.

18The prince will not take away any of the people’s inheritance by oppressively removing them from their property. He will give his sons an inheritance from his own possessions so that my people will not be scattered, each from his own property.’”

19Then he brought me through the entrance, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers for the priests, which faced north. There I saw a place at the extreme western end.

20He said to me, “This is the place where the priests will boil the guilt offering and the sin offering and where they will bake the grain offering, so that they do not bring them out to the outer court to transmit holiness to the people.”

21Then he brought me out to the outer court and led me past the four corners of the court, and I noticed that in every corner of the court there was another court.

22In the four corners of the court were small courts, 70 feet in length and 52½ feet in width; the four were all the same size.

23There was a row of masonry around each of the four courts, and places for boiling offerings were made under the rows all around.

24Then he said to me, “These are the houses for boiling, where the ministers of the temple boil the sacrifices of the people.”

1“‘Thus says the Lord Yahweh: “The gate of the inner court that looks toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the Sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened.

2The prince shall enter by the way of the porch of the gate outside, and shall stand by the post of the gate; and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate. Then he shall go out; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening.

3The people of the land shall worship at the door of that gate before Yahweh on the Sabbaths and on the new moons.

4The burnt offering that the prince shall offer to Yahweh shall be on the Sabbath day six lambs without defect and a ram without defect;

5and the meal offering shall be an ephah for the ram, and the meal offering for the lambs as he is able to give, and a hin of oil to an ephah.

6On the day of the new moon it shall be a young bull without defect, and six lambs, and a ram. They shall be without defect.

7He shall prepare a meal offering, an ephah for the bull, and an ephah for the ram, and for the lambs according as he is able, and a hin of oil to an ephah.

8When the prince enters, he shall go in by the way of the porch of the gate, and he shall go out by its way.

9“‘“But when the people of the land come before Yahweh in the appointed feasts, he who enters by the way of the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate; and he who enters by the way of the south gate shall go out by the way of the north gate. He shall not return by the way of the gate by which he came in, but shall go out straight before him.

10The prince shall go in with them when they go in. When they go out, he shall go out.

11“‘“In the feasts and in the solemnities the meal offering shall be an ephah for a bull, and an ephah for a ram, and for the lambs as he is able to give, and a hin of oil to an ephah.

12When the prince prepares a freewill offering, a burnt offering or peace offerings as a freewill offering to Yahweh, one shall open for him the gate that looks toward the east; and he shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, as he does on the Sabbath day. Then he shall go out; and after his going out one shall shut the gate.

13“‘“You shall prepare a lamb a year old without defect for a burnt offering to Yahweh daily. Morning by morning you shall prepare it.

14You shall prepare a meal offering with it morning by morning, the sixth part of an ephah, and the third part of a hin of oil, to moisten the fine flour; a meal offering to Yahweh continually by a perpetual ordinance.

15Thus they shall prepare the lamb, the meal offering, and the oil, morning by morning, for a continual burnt offering.”

16“‘Thus says the Lord Yahweh: “If the prince gives a gift to any of his sons, it is his inheritance. It shall belong to his sons. It is their possession by inheritance.

17But if he gives of his inheritance a gift to one of his servants, it shall be his to the year of liberty; then it shall return to the prince; but as for his inheritance, it shall be for his sons.

18Moreover the prince shall not take of the people’s inheritance, to thrust them out of their possession. He shall give inheritance to his sons out of his own possession, that my people not each be scattered from his possession.”’”

19Then he brought me through the entry, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy rooms for the priests, which looked toward the north. Behold, there was a place on the back part westward.

20He said to me, “This is the place where the priests shall boil the trespass offering and the sin offering, and where they shall bake the meal offering; that they not bring them out into the outer court, to sanctify the people.”

21Then he brought me out into the outer court, and caused me to pass by the four corners of the court; and behold, in every corner of the court there was a court.

22In the four corners of the court there were courts enclosed, forty cubits long and thirty wide. These four in the corners were the same size.

23There was a wall around in them, around the four, and boiling places were made under the walls all around.

24Then he said to me, “These are the boiling houses, where the ministers of the house shall boil the sacrifice of the people.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

This chapter prescribes worship regulations for the prince and the people: Sabbath and new-moon offerings, the opening of the inner east gate specifically for the prince's worship, and directional rules requiring worshipers to exit by a different gate than they entered (vv. 1-10). It also sets out inheritance laws protecting the people's land from being permanently seized by the prince (vv. 16-18) and describes the daily morning burnt offering along with the kitchens where offerings are cooked (vv. 19-24) — the rhythms of worship in God's restored kingdom.

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezekiel son of Buzi (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Vision — Worship Ordinances and Inheritance Laws
Key Themes: Ordered worship rhythms (Sabbath, new moon, daily), the prince's regulated access, the protection of the people's inheritance, the continuous burnt offering, God's concern for both worship and justice in daily governance
Historical Context: Ezekiel continues the operational manual for the restored temple. Chapter 44 addressed who may serve; chapter 45 addressed where (land) and with what (offerings); now chapter 46 addresses when and how. The rhythms of worship — daily, weekly (Sabbath), monthly (new moon) — structure time itself around God's presence.
The Inner East Gate Opened on Sabbaths (vv.1-3): The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days, but on the sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened. The prince worships at the threshold of it and the people worship at the door of that gate before the LORD. The arrangement gives the ordinary worshipper a sight line into the inner court without an entry, which is how this vision usually solves the problem of access.
The Prince's Offerings (vv.4-8): The sabbath offering is six lambs without blemish and a ram, with an ephah of flour to the ram and as much as he is able to give with the lambs, and a hin of oil to an ephah. The new moon is a young bullock, six lambs and a ram. The prince's route is specified as carefully as his offering, he shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate, and he shall go forth by the way thereof, so he goes out the way he came in, unlike the people in the next section.
In at One Gate, Out at the Other (vv.9-10): He that entereth in by the way of the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate, and he that entereth by the way of the south gate shall go forth by the way of the north gate, he shall not return by the way of the gate whereby he came in, but shall go forth over against it. It is a one-way circulation plan for a crowd, and it is the most practical detail in the whole vision. The prince is placed inside the flow rather than above it, and the prince in the midst of them, when they go in, shall go in, and when they go forth, shall go forth.
Feast and Freewill Offerings (vv.11-12): In the feasts the meat offering is an ephah to a bullock and an ephah to a ram, and with the lambs as he is able. Then a provision for offerings outside the calendar, when the prince shall prepare a voluntary burnt offering, one shall open him the gate that looketh toward the east, and after he has gone out the gate shall be shut again. The east gate opens for a freewill offering and closes behind it.
The Daily Morning Lamb (vv.13-15): Thou shalt daily prepare a burnt offering unto the LORD of a lamb of the first year without blemish, thou shalt prepare it every morning, with a meat offering of the sixth part of an ephah and the third part of a hin of oil. And the closing clause makes it the baseline of the whole system, they shall prepare the lamb, and the meat offering, and the oil, every morning for a continual burnt offering. Every other offering in these chapters is occasional. This one is what the days are made of.
The Prince May Not Take an Inheritance (vv.16-18): The inheritance rules are stated as two cases. A gift from the prince to one of his sons stays with the son. A gift to a servant returns to the prince at the year of liberty. And then the prohibition the pair of cases exists to frame, moreover the prince shall not take of the people's inheritance by oppression, to thrust them out of their possession. Naboth's vineyard, legislated against directly, in a chapter otherwise concerned with lambs and flour.
The Boiling Places (vv.19-24): The survey ends in the kitchens. There is a place at the back of the priests' chambers where they shall boil the trespass offering and the sin offering and bake the meat offering, and the reason is given, that they bear them not out into the utter court, to sanctify the people. Then four courts in the four corners of the outer court, each with its own boiling places, for the ministers of the house to boil the sacrifice of the people. Two sets of kitchens, kept apart. After forty chapters of glory and judgment, the vision's last architectural concern is where the meat is cooked, and it is the same concern as everywhere else: keeping the holy and the ordinary from mixing by accident.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Ezekiel 43:13-46:24 | Instructions for God’s Altar, Priests, and Sacrifices | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Ezekiel -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Gates That Build Anticipation (v.1) — The inner east gate opens only on the Sabbath and new moon, closed the rest of the time, so its opening becomes something the people anticipate rather than take for granted. Where might a season of limited access to God be building hunger in you rather than punishing you?
  • Worship Should Change Your Direction (v.9) — Worshipers entering the temple by one gate must exit through the opposite gate, a built-in picture that true worship reorients you rather than leaving you as you came. Do you leave time with God changed, or just as you arrived?
  • Faithfulness Over Feeling (vv.13-15) — The morning burnt offering happens every single day without exception, regardless of mood or circumstance. What would it look like for your time with God to be a daily discipline rather than something dependent on how inspired you feel?
  • God Legislates Justice for the Powerless (v.18) — The prince is explicitly forbidden from seizing the people's inheritance by oppression, showing that God builds protection for the vulnerable directly into His law. If you have authority over others, how are you making sure your power serves them rather than takes from them?