Ezekiel — Chapter 17

Loading ESV text...

1Now the word of the LORD came to me, saying,

2“Son of man, pose a riddle; speak a parable to the house of Israel

3and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘A great eagle with great wings and long pinions, full of feathers of many colors, came to Lebanon and took away the top of the cedar.

4He plucked off its topmost shoot, carried it to the land of merchants, and planted it in a city of traders.

5He took some of the seed of the land and planted it in fertile soil; he placed it by abundant waters and set it out like a willow.

6It sprouted and became a spreading vine, low in height, with branches turned toward him; yet its roots remained where it stood. So it became a vine and yielded branches and sent out shoots.

7But there was another great eagle with great wings and many feathers. And behold, this vine bent its roots toward him. It stretched out its branches to him from its planting bed, so that he might water it.

8It had been planted in good soil by abundant waters in order to yield branches and bear fruit and become a splendid vine.’

9So you are to tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Will it flourish? Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it shrivels? All its foliage will wither! It will not take a strong arm or many people to pull it up by its roots.

10Even if it is transplanted, will it flourish? Will it not completely wither when the east wind strikes? It will wither on the bed where it sprouted.’”

11Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying,

12“Now say to this rebellious house: ‘Do you not know what these things mean?’ Tell them, ‘Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, carried off its king and officials, and brought them back with him to Babylon.

13He took a member of the royal family and made a covenant with him, putting him under oath. Then he carried away the leading men of the land,

14so that the kingdom would be brought low, unable to lift itself up, surviving only by keeping his covenant.

15But this king rebelled against Babylon by sending his envoys to Egypt to ask for horses and a large army. Will he flourish? Will the one who does such things escape? Can he break a covenant and yet escape?’

16‘As surely as I live,’ declares the Lord GOD, ‘he will die in Babylon, in the land of the king who enthroned him, whose oath he despised and whose covenant he broke.

17Pharaoh with his mighty army and vast horde will not help him in battle, when ramps are built and siege walls constructed to destroy many lives.

18He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Seeing that he gave his hand in pledge yet did all these things, he will not escape!’

19Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘As surely as I live, I will bring down upon his head My oath that he despised and My covenant that he broke.

20I will spread My net over him and catch him in My snare. I will bring him to Babylon and execute judgment upon him there for the treason he committed against Me.

21All his choice troops will fall by the sword, and those who survive will be scattered to every wind. Then you will know that I, the LORD, have spoken.’

22This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will take a shoot from the lofty top of the cedar, and I will set it out. I will pluck a tender sprig from its topmost shoots, and I will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.

23I will plant it on the mountain heights of Israel so that it will bear branches; it will yield fruit and become a majestic cedar. Birds of every kind will nest under it, taking shelter in the shade of its branches.

24Then all the trees of the field will know that I am the LORD. I bring the tall tree down and make the low tree tall. I dry up the green tree and make the withered tree flourish. I, the LORD, have spoken, and I have done it.’”

1And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

2Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel;

3And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; A great eagle with great wings, longwinged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar:

4He cropped off the top of his young twigs, and carried it into a land of traffick; he set it in a city of merchants.

5He took also of the seed of the land, and planted it in a fruitful field; he placed it by great waters, and set it as a willow tree.

6And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs.

7There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend her roots toward him, and shot forth her branches toward him, that he might water it by the furrows of her plantation.

8It was planted in a good soil by great waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine.

9Say thou, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Shall it prosper? shall he not pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither? it shall wither in all the leaves of her spring, even without great power or many people to pluck it up by the roots thereof.

10Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the furrows where it grew.

11Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

12Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to Babylon;

13And hath taken of the king’s seed, and made a covenant with him, and hath taken an oath of him: he hath also taken the mighty of the land:

14That the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand.

15But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? or shall he break the covenant, and be delivered?

16As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.

17Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company make for him in the war, by casting up mounts, and building forts, to cut off many persons:

18Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.

19Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; As I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it will I recompense upon his own head.

20And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will plead with him there for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me.

21And all his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and ye shall know that I the LORD have spoken it.

22Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent:

23In the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it: and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing; in the shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell.

24And all the trees of the field shall know that I the LORD have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the LORD have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the LORD have spoken and have done it.

1And the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying,

2Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel;

3and say, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: A great eagle with great wings and long pinions, full of feathers, which had divers colors, came unto Lebanon, and took the top of the cedar:

4he cropped off the topmost of the young twigs thereof, and carried it unto a land of traffic; he set it in a city of merchants.

5He took also of the seed of the land, and planted it in a fruitful soil; he placed it beside many waters; he set it as a willow-tree.

6And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs.

7There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend its roots toward him, and shot forth its branches toward him, from the beds of its plantation, that he might water it.

8It was planted in a good soil by many waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine.

9Say thou, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Shall it prosper? shall he not pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it may wither; that all its fresh springing leaves may wither? and not by a strong arm or much people can it be raised from the roots thereof.

10Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the beds where it grew.

11Moreover the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying,

12Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and took the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and brought them to him to Babylon:

13and he took of the seed royal, and made a covenant with him; he also brought him under an oath, and took away the mighty of the land;

14that the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping his covenant it might stand.

15But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? shall he break the covenant, and yet escape?

16As I live, saith the Lord Jehovah, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.

17Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company help him in the war, when they cast up mounds and build forts, to cut off many persons.

18For he hath despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet hath done all these things; he shall not escape.

19Therefore thus saith the Lord Jehovah: As I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, I will even bring it upon his own head.

20And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will enter into judgment with him there for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me.

21And all his fugitives in all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward every wind: and ye shall know that I, Jehovah, have spoken it.

22Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: I will also take of the lofty top of the cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I will plant it upon a high and lofty mountain:

23in the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it; and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all birds of every wing; in the shade of the branches thereof shall they dwell.

24And all the trees of the field shall know that I, Jehovah, have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish; I, Jehovah, have spoken and have done it.

1The Lord’s message came to me:

2“Son of man, offer a riddle and tell a parable to the house of Israel.

3Say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘A great eagle with broad wings, long feathers, with full plumage that was multihued, came to Lebanon and took the top of the cedar.

4He plucked off its topmost shoot; he brought it to a land of merchants and planted it in a city of traders.

5He took one of the seedlings of the land, placed it in a cultivated plot; a shoot by abundant water, like a willow he planted it.

6It sprouted and became a vine, spreading low to the ground; its branches turning toward him, its roots were under itself. So it became a vine; it produced shoots and sent out branches.

7“‘There was another great eagle with broad wings and thick plumage. Now this vine twisted its roots toward him and sent its branches toward him to be watered from the soil where it was planted.

8In a good field, by abundant waters, it was planted to grow branches, bear fruit, and become a beautiful vine.’

9“Say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘Will it prosper? Will he not rip out its roots and cause its fruit to rot and wither? All its foliage will wither. No strong arm or large army will be needed to pull it out by its roots.

10Consider! It is planted, but will it prosper? Will it not wither completely when the east wind blows on it? Will it not wither in the soil where it sprouted?’”

11Then the Lord’s message came to me:

12“Say to the rebellious house of Israel: ‘Don’t you know what these things mean?’ Say: ‘See here, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and took her king and her officials prisoner and brought them to himself in Babylon.

13He took one from the royal family, made a treaty with him, and put him under oath. He then took the leaders of the land

14so it would be a lowly kingdom that could not rise on its own but had to keep its treaty with him in order to stand.

15But this one from Israel’s royal family rebelled against the king of Babylon by sending his emissaries to Egypt to obtain horses and a large army. Will he prosper? Will the one doing these things escape? Can he break the covenant and escape?

16“‘As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, surely in the city of the king who crowned him, whose oath he despised and whose covenant he broke—in the middle of Babylon he will die!

17Pharaoh with his great army and mighty horde will not help him in battle, when siege ramps are erected and siege walls are built to kill many people.

18He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Take note—he gave his promise and did all these things. He will not escape!

19“‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, I will certainly repay him for despising my oath and breaking my covenant!

20I will throw my net over him and he will be caught in my snare; I will bring him to Babylon and judge him there because of the unfaithfulness he committed against me.

21All the choice men among his troops will die by the sword, and the survivors will be scattered to every wind. Then you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken!

22“‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘I will take a sprig from the lofty top of the cedar and plant it. I will pluck from the top one of its tender twigs; I myself will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.

23I will plant it on a high mountain of Israel, and it will raise branches and produce fruit and become a beautiful cedar. Every bird will live under it; every winged creature will live in the shade of its branches.

24All the trees of the field will know that I am the Lord. I make the high tree low; I raise up the low tree. I make the green tree wither, and I make the dry tree sprout. I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will do it!’”

1Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,

2“Son of man, tell a riddle, and speak a parable to the house of Israel;

3and say, ‘Thus says the Lord Yahweh: “A great eagle with great wings and long feathers, full of feathers, which had various colors, came to Lebanon, and took the top of the cedar.

4He cropped off the topmost of its young twigs, and carried it to a land of traffic. He planted it in a city of merchants.

5“‘“He also took some of the seed of the land, and planted it in fruitful soil. He placed it beside many waters. He set it as a willow tree.

6It grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and its roots were under him. So it became a vine, produced branches, and shot out sprigs.

7“‘“There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers. Behold, this vine bent its roots toward him, and shot out its branches toward him, from the beds of its plantation, that he might water it.

8It was planted in a good soil by many waters, that it might produce branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a good vine.”’

9“Say, ‘Thus says the Lord Yahweh: “Will it prosper? Won’t he pull up its roots, and cut off its fruit, that it may wither; that all its fresh springing leaves may wither? It can’t be raised from its roots by a strong arm or many people.

10Yes, behold, being planted, will it prosper? Won’t it utterly wither when the east wind touches it? It will wither in the beds where it grew.”’”

11Moreover Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,

12“Say now to the rebellious house, ‘Don’t you know what these things mean?’ Tell them, ‘Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and took its king, and its princes, and brought them to him to Babylon.

13He took some of the royal offspring, and made a covenant with him. He also brought him under an oath, and took away the mighty of the land;

14that the kingdom might be brought low, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping his covenant it might stand.

15But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and many people. Will he prosper? Will he who does such things escape? Will he break the covenant, and still escape?

16“‘As I live,’ says the Lord Yahweh, ‘surely in the place where the king dwells who made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he broke, even with him in the middle of Babylon he will die.

17Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company won’t help him in the war, when they cast up mounds and build forts, to cut off many persons.

18For he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet has done all these things. He won’t escape.

19“Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘As I live, I will surely bring on his own head my oath that he has despised and my covenant that he has broken.

20I will spread my net on him, and he will be taken in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon, and will enter into judgment with him there for his trespass that he has trespassed against me.

21All his fugitives in all his bands will fall by the sword, and those who remain will be scattered toward every wind. Then you will know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it.’

22“Thus says the Lord Yahweh: ‘I will also take some of the lofty top of the cedar, and will plant it. I will crop off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.

23I will plant it in the mountain of the height of Israel; and it will produce boughs, and bear fruit, and be a good cedar. Birds of every kind will dwell in the shade of its branches.

24All the trees of the field will know that I, Yahweh, have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree flourish. “‘I, Yahweh, have spoken and have done it.’”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Ezekiel tells a parable of two eagles and a vine: a great eagle, representing Babylon and Nebuchadnezzar, breaks off the top of a cedar, representing King Jehoiachin, and carries it to Babylon, then plants a seed from the land that grows into a low, spreading vine, representing Zedekiah (vv. 1-6). That vine turns instead toward a second eagle, Egypt, seeking water and support, and God asks whether it will prosper — the answer is no, it will be uprooted for breaking its covenant (vv. 7-21). The chapter closes with a promise that God Himself will plant a tender sprig on a high mountain, where it will grow into a noble cedar sheltering every kind of bird, a picture of the coming Messianic kingdom (vv. 22-24).

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezekiel son of Buzi (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Parable/Riddle + Messianic Promise
Key Themes: Political allegory (Babylon, Zedekiah, Egypt), covenant-breaking punished, the futility of trusting Egypt against Babylon, God's own planting of the Messiah
Historical Context: The "riddle" (v.2) tells Judah's recent history in code: First eagle (Nebuchadnezzar) took the cedar-top (Jehoiachin, 597 BC) and planted a seed (installed Zedekiah as vassal). Zedekiah swore a covenant with Babylon — then broke it by reaching toward the second eagle (Pharaoh Hophra of Egypt) for military help. God's verdict: covenant-breaking is punished — even a covenant made with a pagan king. Zedekiah swore by GOD (v.19: "mine oath... my covenant") and broke it. The chapter ends with GOD planting His own "tender twig" (Messiah) on a high mountain — the true and lasting Davidic king that human politics couldn't produce.
The Riddle of the Two Eagles and the Vine (vv.1-10): Put forth a riddle, and speak a parable, and the story is told before it is explained, which is how a riddle works. A great eagle comes to Lebanon, crops the highest branch of the cedar and carries it to a land of traffick. Then it takes seed of the land and plants it in a fruitful field, and it grows into a spreading vine of low stature whose branches turn toward the eagle that planted it. A second eagle appears, and the vine bends her roots toward him and shoots out her branches for him to water. The riddle ends in questions rather than statements, shall it prosper, shall he not pull up the roots thereof.
The Interpretation, and the Broken Oath (vv.11-21): The decoding is historical and specific. The first eagle is the king of Babylon, who took Jerusalem's king and princes in 597, and installed a man of the king's seed under a covenant and an oath. The second eagle is Egypt, and the offence is diplomatic, he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. What makes this more than a policy error is the way the oath is treated: it was sworn by a Judean king to a pagan emperor, and God calls it mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken. Zedekiah's Egyptian negotiations are a matter of record, and Jeremiah 37 describes the Egyptian force that briefly lifted the siege and then withdrew.
The Tender Twig Planted on the Mountain (vv.22-24): The last three verses repeat the eagles' action with a different actor, I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it, I will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent. What grows is not a low vine but a goodly cedar, and the point of it is shelter, under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing, in the shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell. Jesus uses the same image of a tree that the birds lodge in for the kingdom in Matthew 13. The closing line states the principle the whole parable has been arguing, I the LORD have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree.

Map & Geography

  • Lebanon (v.3): Region north of Israel known for its cedar forests.
  • Jerusalem (v.12): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Babylon (v.12, v.16, v.20): Capital of the Babylonian empire; place of Judah's exile (modern Iraq).
  • Egypt (v.15): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.

Places on this map

  • LebanonMount Lebanon range, LebanonIn the Bible this is the mountain range, not the modern country: a snow-capped wall rising over 10,000 feet behind the Phoenician coast. Its cedar was the prestige timber of the ancient Near East and both the tabernacle's successors and Solomon's temple were built from it. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Babylonnear Hillah, IraqOn the Euphrates about 55 miles south of modern Baghdad. Judah's exiles were marched roughly 900 miles to get here, the long way round the Arabian desert, which is why the journey took months and the return was a genuine undertaking rather than a short trip home. Wikipedia
  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Ezekiel 17 - Bible Study, Explanation, and Application
2BeLikeChrist

Ezekiel 17 | The Summoning of Babylon | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Ezekiel -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Turning to the Wrong Eagle (v.7) — The vine God planted bends toward a second eagle for water instead of staying rooted where it was placed. Where are you currently looking for security or provision instead of trusting the source God actually gave you?
  • An Oath Sworn in God's Name (v.19) — Zedekiah's covenant was made with a pagan king, but because he swore in God's name, God holds him personally accountable for breaking it. Is there a promise you've quietly written off as unimportant because the other party isn't watching closely?
  • God Plants What Politics Cannot (v.22) — After every human scheme in the chapter fails, God announces He will plant His own tender twig into a noble cedar. What situation are you still trying to fix through maneuvering that really needs you to wait on God's planting instead?
  • The God Who Reverses Fortunes (v.24) — God brings down the high tree and lifts up the low one, drying up the green tree while making the dry one flourish. Are you currently trusting in your own height, or taking hope in your lowness, before this God who inverts both?