Ezekiel — Chapter 27

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1The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,

2Now, thou son of man, take up a lamentation for Tyrus;

3And say unto Tyrus, O thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art a merchant of the people for many isles, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O Tyrus, thou hast said, I am of perfect beauty.

4Thy borders are in the midst of the seas, thy builders have perfected thy beauty.

5They have made all thy ship boards of fir trees of Senir: they have taken cedars from Lebanon to make masts for thee.

6Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; the company of the Ashurites have made thy benches of ivory, brought out of the isles of Chittim.

7Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee.

8The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad were thy mariners: thy wise men, O Tyrus, that were in thee, were thy pilots.

9The ancients of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise.

10They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.

11The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and the Gammadims were in thy towers: they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have made thy beauty perfect.

12Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

13Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.

14They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

15The men of Dedan were thy merchants; many isles were the merchandise of thine hand: they brought thee for a present horns of ivory and ebony.

16Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.

17Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants: they traded in thy market wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm.

18Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool.

19Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market.

20Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots.

21Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants.

22The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchants: they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

23Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants.

24These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.

25The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou wast replenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas.

26Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east wind hath broken thee in the midst of the seas.

27Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the day of thy ruin.

28The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots.

29And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships, they shall stand upon the land;

30And shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads, they shall wallow themselves in the ashes:

31And they shall make themselves utterly bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of heart and bitter wailing.

32And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, saying, What city is like Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea?

33When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou filledst many people; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy merchandise.

34In the time when thou shalt be broken by the seas in the depths of the waters thy merchandise and all thy company in the midst of thee shall fall.

35All the inhabitants of the isles shall be astonished at thee, and their kings shall be sore afraid, they shall be troubled in their countenance.

36The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee; thou shalt be a terror, and never shalt be any more.

1The word of Jehovah came again unto me, saying,

2And thou, son of man, take up a lamentation over Tyre;

3and say unto Tyre, O thou that dwellest at the entry of the sea, that art the merchant of the peoples unto many isles, thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Thou, O Tyre, hast said, I am perfect in beauty.

4Thy borders are in the heart of the seas; thy builders have perfected thy beauty.

5They have made all thy planks of fir-trees from Senir; they have taken a cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for thee.

6Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; they have made thy benches of ivory inlaid in boxwood, from the isles of Kittim.

7Of fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was thy sail, that it might be to thee for an ensign; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was thine awning.

8The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were thy rowers: thy wise men, O Tyre, were in thee, they were thy pilots.

9The old men of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to deal in thy merchandise.

10Persia and Lud and Put were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.

11The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and valorous men were in thy towers; they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have perfected thy beauty.

12Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded for thy wares.

13Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise.

14They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and war-horses and mules.

15The men of Dedan were thy traffickers; many isles were the mart of thy hand: they brought thee in exchange horns of ivory and ebony.

16Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of thy handiworks: they traded for thy wares with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and rubies.

17Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy traffickers: they traded for thy merchandise wheat of Minnith, and pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm.

18Damascus was thy merchant for the multitude of thy handiworks, by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches, with the wine of Helbon, and white wool.

19Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.

20Dedan was thy trafficker in precious cloths for riding.

21Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they were the merchants of thy hand; in lambs, and rams, and goats, in these were they thy merchants.

22The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy traffickers; they traded for thy wares with the chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

23Haran and Canneh and Eden, the traffickers of Sheba, Asshur [and] Chilmad, were thy traffickers.

24These were thy traffickers in choice wares, in wrappings of blue and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.

25The ships of Tarshish were thy caravans for thy merchandise: and thou wast replenished, and made very glorious in the heart of the seas.

26Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east wind hath broken thee in the heart of the seas.

27Thy riches, and thy wares, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the dealers in thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that are in thee, with all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the heart of the seas in the day of thy ruin.

28At the sound of the cry of thy pilots the suburbs shall shake.

29And all that handled the oar, the mariners, [and] all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships; they shall stand upon the land,

30and shall cause their voice to be heard over thee, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads, they shall wallow themselves in the ashes:

31and they shall make themselves bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee in bitterness of soul with bitter mourning.

32And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, [saying], Who is there like Tyre, like her that is brought to silence in the midst of the sea?

33When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou filledst many peoples; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy merchandise.

34In the time that thou wast broken by the seas in the depths of the waters, thy merchandise and all thy company did fall in the midst of thee.

35All the inhabitants of the isles are astonished at thee, and their kings are horribly afraid; they are troubled in their countenance.

36The merchants among the peoples hiss at thee; thou art become a terror, and thou shalt nevermore have any being.

1The Lord’s message came to me:

2“You, son of man, sing a lament for Tyre.

3Say to Tyre, who sits at the entrance of the sea, merchant to the peoples on many coasts, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘O Tyre, you have said, “I am perfectly beautiful.”

4Your borders are in the heart of the seas; your builders have perfected your beauty.

5They crafted all your planks out of fir trees from Senir; they took a cedar from Lebanon to make your mast.

6They made your oars from oaks of Bashan; they made your deck with cypress wood from the coasts of Cyprus.

7Fine linen from Egypt, woven with patterns, was used for your sail to serve as your banner; blue and purple from the coastlands of Elishah were used for your deck’s awning.

8The leaders of Sidon and Arvad were your rowers; your skilled men, O Tyre, were your captains.

9The elders of Gebal and her skilled men were within you, mending cracks; all the ships of the sea and their mariners were within you to trade for your merchandise.

10Men of Persia, Lud, and Put were in your army, men of war. They hung shield and helmet on you; they gave you your splendor.

11The Arvadites joined your army on your walls all around, and the Gammadites were in your towers. They hung their quivers on your walls all around; they perfected your beauty.

12“‘Tarshish was your trade partner because of your abundant wealth; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your products.

13Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your clients; they exchanged slaves and bronze items for your merchandise.

14Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, and mules for your products.

15The Dedanites were your clients. Many coastlands were your customers; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony.

16Edom was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your products.

17Judah and the land of Israel were your clients; they traded wheat from Minnith, millet, honey, olive oil, and balm for your merchandise.

18Damascus was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods and of all your wealth: wine from Helbon, white wool from Zahar,

19and casks of wine from Izal they exchanged for your products. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise.

20Dedan was your client in saddlecloths for riding.

21Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your trade partners; for lambs, rams, and goats they traded with you.

22The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products.

23Haran, Kanneh, Eden, merchants from Sheba, Asshur, and Kilmad were your clients.

24They traded with you choice garments, purple clothes and embroidered work, and multicolored carpets bound and reinforced with cords; these were among your merchandise.

25The ships of Tarshish were the transports for your merchandise. “‘So you were filled and weighed down in the heart of the seas.

26Your rowers have brought you into surging waters. The east wind has wrecked you in the heart of the seas.

27Your wealth, products, and merchandise, your sailors and captains, your ship’s carpenters, your merchants, and all your fighting men within you, along with all your crew who are in you, will fall into the heart of the seas on the day of your downfall.

28At the sound of your captains’ cries the waves will surge;

29They will descend from their ships—all who handle the oar, the sailors and all the sea captains—they will stand on the land.

30They will lament loudly over you and cry bitterly. They will throw dust on their heads and roll in the ashes;

31they will tear out their hair because of you and put on sackcloth, and they will weep bitterly over you with intense mourning.

32As they wail they will lament over you, chanting: “Who was like Tyre, like a tower in the midst of the sea?”

33When your products went out from the seas, you satisfied many peoples; with the abundance of your wealth and merchandise you enriched the kings of the earth.

34Now you are wrecked by the seas, in the depths of the waters; your merchandise and all your company have sunk along with you.

35All the inhabitants of the coastlands are shocked at you, and their kings are horribly afraid—their faces are troubled.

36The traders among the peoples hiss at you; you have become a horror, and will be no more.’”

1Yahweh’s word came again to me, saying,

2“You, son of man, take up a lamentation over Tyre;

3and tell Tyre, ‘You who dwell at the entry of the sea, who are the merchant of the peoples to many islands, thus says the Lord Yahweh: “You, Tyre, have said, ‘I am perfect in beauty.’

4Your borders are in the heart of the seas. Your builders have perfected your beauty.

5They have made all your planks of cypress trees from Senir. They have taken a cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for you.

6They have made your oars of the oaks of Bashan. They have made your benches of ivory inlaid in boxwood from the islands of Kittim.

7Your sail was of fine linen with embroidered work from Egypt, that it might be to you for a banner. Blue and purple from the islands of Elishah was your awning.

8The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were your rowers. Your wise men, Tyre, were in you. They were your pilots.

9The old men of Gebal and its wise men were your repairers of ship seams in you. All the ships of the sea with their mariners were in you to deal in your merchandise.

10“‘“Persia, Lud, and Put were in your army, your men of war. They hung the shield and helmet in you. They showed your beauty.

11The men of Arvad with your army were on your walls all around, and valient men were in your towers. They hung their shields on your walls all around. They have perfected your beauty.

12“‘“Tarshish was your merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches. They traded for your wares with silver, iron, tin, and lead.

13“‘“Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your traders. They traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for your merchandise.

14“‘“They of the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses, war horses, and mules.

15“‘“The men of Dedan traded with you. Many islands were the market of your hand. They brought you horns of ivory and ebony in exchange.

16“‘“Syria was your merchant by reason of the multitude of your handiworks. They traded for your wares with emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies.

17“‘“Judah and the land of Israel were your traders. They traded wheat of Minnith, confections, honey, oil, and balm for your merchandise.

18“‘“Damascus was your merchant for the multitude of your handiworks, by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches, with the wine of Helbon, and white wool.

19“‘“Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for your wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus were among your merchandise.

20“‘“Dedan was your trafficker in precious cloths for riding.

21“‘“Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar were the merchants of your hand; in lambs, rams, and goats. In these, they were your merchants.

22“‘“The traders of Sheba and Raamah were your traders. They traded for your wares with the chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

23“‘“Haran, Canneh, and Eden, the traders of Sheba, Asshur and Chilmad, were your traders.

24These were your traders in choice wares, in wrappings of blue and embroidered work, and in chests of rich clothing, bound with cords and made of cedar, among your merchandise.

25“‘“The ships of Tarshish were your caravans for your merchandise. You were replenished and made very glorious in the heart of the seas.

26Your rowers have brought you into great waters. The east wind has broken you in the heart of the seas.

27Your riches, your wares, your merchandise, your mariners, your pilots, your repairers of ship seams, the dealers in your merchandise, and all your men of war, who are in you, with all your company which is among you, will fall into the heart of the seas in the day of your ruin.

28At the sound of the cry of your pilots, the suburbs will shake.

29All who handle the oars, the mariners and all the pilots of the sea, will come down from their ships. They will stand on the land,

30and will cause their voice to be heard over you, and will cry bitterly. They will cast up dust on their heads. They will wallow in the ashes.

31They will make themselves bald for you, and clothe themselves with sackcloth. They will weep for you in bitterness of soul, with bitter mourning.

32In their wailing they will take up a lamentation for you, and lament over you, saying, ‘Who is there like Tyre, like her who is brought to silence in the middle of the sea?’

33When your wares went out of the seas, you filled many peoples. You enriched the kings of the earth with the multitude of your riches and of your merchandise.

34In the time that you were broken by the seas, in the depths of the waters, your merchandise and all your company fell within you.

35All the inhabitants of the islands are astonished at you, and their kings are horribly afraid. They are troubled in their face.

36The merchants among the peoples hiss at you. You have become a terror, and you will be no more.”’”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

A stunning funeral lament for Tyre, depicted as a magnificent merchant ship. Ezekiel describes the vessel's construction in extraordinary detail — planks of fir from Senir, masts of cedar from Lebanon, oars of oak from Bashan, ivory-inlaid decks, purple sails from Egypt. Then he catalogues Tyre's vast trading network: every nation in the known world brought goods to her harbors. But the east wind shatters the great ship in the heart of the seas, and all her merchants, sailors, and wealth sink to the bottom.

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezekiel son of Buzi (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Lament / Maritime Poetry Key Themes: Tyre as a perfect ship, the catalogue of nations and trade goods, beauty and craftsmanship, the east wind destruction, the mourning of merchants, pride sunk in the depths, the fragility of commercial empire
Historical Context: This chapter is one of the most detailed economic documents in the ancient world. Ezekiel provides an extraordinary catalogue of international trade in the 6th century BC — listing trading partners from Tarshish (Spain) to Dedan (Arabia), from Greece to Persia, and naming specific luxury goods: silver, iron, tin, lead, slaves, horses, ivory, ebony, coral, rubies, wheat, honey, oil, wine, wool, and spices.
The literary form is a ship-lament: Tyre is depicted not as a city but as a SHIP — the greatest vessel ever built. Every plank is exotic timber, every sail is royal purple, every sailor is the finest. The point: Tyre's beauty and prosperity were unmatched in the ancient world. And all of it sinks.
The "east wind" (v.26) that breaks the ship is, as always in Ezekiel, Babylon — the force from the east that shatters everything in its path. The mourning scene (vv.28-36) shows the entire commercial world wailing at Tyre's destruction — not from compassion but from self-interest: their own wealth depended on her markets.
Structure:
  • The Perfect Ship: Construction and Beauty (vv.1-11)
  • The Trading Partners: A Catalogue of Nations (vv.12-25a)
  • The Ship Fully Loaded: Peak of Prosperity (vv.25b-26a)
  • The East Wind Shatters the Ship (vv.26b-27)
  • The Mourning of the Coastlands (vv.28-36)

Map & Geography

  • Lebanon (v.5): Region north of Israel known for its cedar forests.
  • Bashan (v.6): Fertile region east of the Sea of Galilee.
  • Egypt (v.7): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.
  • Persia (v.10): Empire that conquered Babylon; allowed Israel's return from exile.
  • Tarshish (v.12, v.25): Distant port city (possibly Spain); represents the farthest reaches of the known world.
  • Damascus (v.18): Ancient Syrian city; site of Paul's conversion.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Charles Spurgeon: "The ship Tyre was magnificent — every plank a trophy, every sail a boast, every cargo hold full to bursting. But a ship that forgets the Maker of winds is merely a well-decorated coffin waiting for the storm. God sinks in an hour what man builds in a century."

Reflection

  • 1. "I am of perfect beauty" (v.3). This is what prosperity whispers to every successful person. Success breeds the illusion of invulnerability. But beauty and wealth don't prevent storms — they just make the wreckage more spectacular.
  • 2. The detailed catalogue of Tyre's trade (vv.12-25) shows that EVERYONE depended on her. Being indispensable doesn't make you invincible. The economy of the ancient world revolved around Tyre — and she still sank. Don't confuse being needed with being safe.
  • 3. "Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters" (v.26). Your own ambitions take you into deep water. The further you sail from shore in self-reliance, the more exposed you are. Stay close to the harbor of humility.
  • 4. The merchants mourn their MARKET, not the people (vv.31-36). When you fall, notice who grieves YOU versus who grieves what you provided THEM. True friends mourn the person; opportunists mourn the profit. Revelation 18 makes the same observation about "Babylon's" fall.
  • 5. "Never shalt be any more" (v.36). Permanence belongs only to God. Every human institution is temporary. Build your identity on the One who CANNOT sink, not on the ship that inevitably will.