Genesis — Chapter 17

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1When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to him and said, “I am God Almighty. Walk before Me and be blameless.

2I will establish My covenant between Me and you, and I will multiply you exceedingly.”

3Then Abram fell facedown, and God said to him,

4“As for Me, this is My covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations.

5No longer will you be called Abram, but your name will be Abraham, for I have made you a father of many nations.

6I will make you exceedingly fruitful; I will make nations of you, and kings will descend from you.

7I will establish My covenant as an everlasting covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you.

8And to you and your descendants I will give the land where you are residing—all the land of Canaan—as an eternal possession; and I will be their God.”

9God also said to Abraham, “You must keep My covenant—you and your descendants in the generations after you.

10This is My covenant with you and your descendants after you, which you are to keep: Every male among you must be circumcised.

11You are to circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and this will be a sign of the covenant between Me and you.

12Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring.

13Whether they are born in your household or purchased, they must be circumcised. My covenant in your flesh will be an everlasting covenant.

14But if any male is not circumcised, he will be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.”

15Then God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, do not call her Sarai, for her name is to be Sarah.

16And I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her. I will bless her, and she will be the mother of nations; kings of peoples will descend from her.”

17Abraham fell facedown. Then he laughed and said to himself, “Can a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Can Sarah give birth at the age of ninety?”

18And Abraham said to God, “O that Ishmael might live under Your blessing!”

19But God replied, “Your wife Sarah will indeed bear you a son, and you are to name him Isaac. I will establish My covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him.

20As for Ishmael, I have heard you, and I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and multiply him greatly. He will become the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him into a great nation.

21But I will establish My covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this time next year.”

22When He had finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him.

23On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household or purchased with his money—every male among the members of Abraham’s household—and he circumcised them, just as God had told him.

24So Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised,

25and his son Ishmael was thirteen;

26Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised on the same day.

27And all the men of Abraham’s household—both servants born in his household and those purchased from foreigners—were circumcised with him.

1And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect.

2And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.

3And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying,

4As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations.

5Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.

6And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee.

7And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.

8And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.

9And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations.

10This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised.

11And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you.

12And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed.

13He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.

14And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.

15And God said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be.

16And I will bless her, and give thee a son also of her: yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of people shall be of her.

17Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is an hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?

18And Abraham said unto God, O that Ishmael might live before thee!

19And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him.

20And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.

21But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year.

22And he left off talking with him, and God went up from Abraham.

23And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house; and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him.

24And Abraham was ninety years old and nine, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

25And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

26In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his son.

27And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with money of the stranger, were circumcised with him.

1And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, Jehovah appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be thou perfect.

2And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.

3And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying,

4As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be the father of a multitude of nations.

5Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for the father of a multitude of nations have I made thee.

6And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee.

7And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee and to thy seed after thee.

8And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land of thy sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.

9And God said unto Abraham, And as for thee, thou shalt keep my covenant, thou, and thy seed after thee throughout their generations.

10This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee: every male among you shall be circumcised.

11And ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of a covenant betwixt me and you.

12And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any foreigner that is not of thy seed.

13He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.

14And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant.

15And God said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be.

16And I will bless her, and moreover I will give thee a son of her: yea, I will bless her, and she shall be [a mother of] nations; kings of peoples shall be of her.

17Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?

18And Abraham said unto God, Oh that Ishmael might live before thee!

19And God said, Nay, but Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son; and thou shalt call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his seed after him.

20And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.

21But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year.

22And he left off talking with him, and God went up from Abraham.

23And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham`s house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him.

24And Abraham was ninety years old and nine, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

25And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

26In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his son.

27And all the men of his house, those born in the house, and those bought with money of a foreigner, were circumcised with him.

1When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to him and said, “I am the Sovereign God. Walk before me and be blameless.

2Then I will confirm my covenant between me and you, and I will give you a multitude of descendants.”

3Abram bowed down with his face to the ground, and God said to him,

4“As for me, this is my covenant with you: You will be the father of a multitude of nations.

5No longer will your name be Abram. Instead, your name will be Abraham because I will make you the father of a multitude of nations.

6I will make you extremely fruitful. I will make nations of you, and kings will descend from you.

7I will confirm my covenant as a perpetual covenant between me and you. It will extend to your descendants after you throughout their generations. I will be your God and the God of your descendants after you.

8I will give the whole land of Canaan—the land where you are now residing—to you and your descendants after you as a permanent possession. I will be their God.”

9Then God said to Abraham, “As for you, you must keep the covenantal requirement I am imposing on you and your descendants after you throughout their generations.

10This is my requirement that you and your descendants after you must keep: Every male among you must be circumcised.

11You must circumcise the flesh of your foreskins. This will be a reminder of the covenant between me and you.

12Throughout your generations every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, whether born in your house or bought with money from any foreigner who is not one of your descendants.

13They must indeed be circumcised, whether born in your house or bought with money. The sign of my covenant will be visible in your flesh as a permanent reminder.

14Any uncircumcised male who has not been circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin will be cut off from his people—he has failed to carry out my requirement.”

15Then God said to Abraham, “As for your wife, you must no longer call her Sarai; Sarah will be her name.

16I will bless her and will give you a son through her. I will bless her and she will become a mother of nations. Kings of countries will come from her!”

17Then Abraham bowed down with his face to the ground and laughed as he said to himself, “Can a son be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Can Sarah bear a child at the age of ninety?”

18Abraham said to God, “O that Ishmael might live before you!”

19God said, “No, Sarah your wife is going to bear you a son, and you will name him Isaac. I will confirm my covenant with him as a perpetual covenant for his descendants after him.

20As for Ishmael, I have heard you. I will indeed bless him, make him fruitful, and give him a multitude of descendants. He will become the father of twelve princes; I will make him into a great nation.

21But I will establish my covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this set time next year.”

22When he finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him.

23Abraham took his son Ishmael and every male in his household (whether born in his house or bought with money) and circumcised them on that very same day, just as God had told him to do.

24Now Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised;

25his son Ishmael was thirteen years old when he was circumcised.

26Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised on the very same day.

27All the men of his household, whether born in his household or bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him.

1When Abram was ninety-nine years old, Yahweh appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am God Almighty. Walk before me, and be blameless.

2I will make my covenant between me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly.”

3Abram fell on his face. God talked with him, saying,

4“As for me, behold, my covenant is with you. You will be the father of a multitude of nations.

5Your name will no more be called Abram, but your name will be Abraham; for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations.

6I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make nations of you. Kings will come out of you.

7I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God to you and to your offspring after you.

8I will give to you, and to your offspring after you, the land where you are traveling, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. I will be their God.”

9God said to Abraham, “As for you, you will keep my covenant, you and your offspring after you throughout their generations.

10This is my covenant, which you shall keep, between me and you and your offspring after you. Every male among you shall be circumcised.

11You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin. It will be a token of the covenant between me and you.

12He who is eight days old will be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he who is born in the house, or bought with money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring.

13He who is born in your house, and he who is bought with your money, must be circumcised. My covenant will be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.

14The uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people. He has broken my covenant.”

15God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but her name will be Sarah.

16I will bless her, and moreover I will give you a son by her. Yes, I will bless her, and she will be a mother of nations. Kings of peoples will come from her.”

17Then Abraham fell on his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, “Will a child be born to him who is one hundred years old? Will Sarah, who is ninety years old, give birth?”

18Abraham said to God, “Oh that Ishmael might live before you!”

19God said, “No, but Sarah, your wife, will bear you a son. You shall call his name Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him.

20As for Ishmael, I have heard you. Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly. He will become the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation.

21But my covenant I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this set time next year.”

22When he finished talking with him, God went up from Abraham.

23Abraham took Ishmael his son, all who were born in his house, and all who were bought with his money; every male among the men of Abraham’s house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the same day, as God had said to him.

24Abraham was ninety-nine years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

25Ishmael, his son, was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

26In the same day both Abraham and Ishmael, his son, were circumcised.

27All the men of his house, those born in the house, and those bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

When Abram is ninety-nine, the Lord appears to him, identifies Himself as God Almighty, and calls Abram to walk before Him blamelessly as He establishes His covenant (vv. 1-2). God changes Abram's name to Abraham, meaning father of many nations, and promises to make him exceedingly fruitful, to give the land of Canaan to his descendants as an everlasting possession, and to be their God (vv. 3-8). God institutes circumcision as the sign of the covenant, to be performed on every male on the eighth day, including servants and foreigners in the household (vv. 9-14). Sarai's name is changed to Sarah, and God promises she will bear a son within the year despite her old age, a promise Abraham greets with laughter as he suggests Ishmael instead (vv. 15-18). God confirms that Sarah will bear a son named Isaac, through whom the everlasting covenant will continue, while also blessing Ishmael with numerous descendants (vv. 19-22). Abraham obeys immediately, circumcising himself, Ishmael, and every male in his household that same day (vv. 23-27).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 17 records the covenant of circumcision — 13 years after Ishmael's birth (Abram is now 99). God appears with a new name for Himself (El Shaddai — God Almighty), new names for Abram (Abraham) and Sarai (Sarah), a covenant sign (circumcision), and the specific promise that Sarah will bear the son of promise — Isaac. This chapter formalizes the Abrahamic covenant with its sign and specifies the heir.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a new divine name, El Shaddai, introduced thirteen years after Ishmael's birth alongside new names for both Abram and Sarai, circumcision instituted as a sign cut into the flesh of every male at eight days old, Abraham's own laughter at the promise of a hundred-year-old father and a ninety-year-old mother met not with rebuke but with a name, Isaac, that means laughter itself, Ishmael blessed and made into a nation while the covenant itself is reserved specifically for a son not yet conceived, and every male in the household circumcised that same day with no recorded delay
God Almighty Appears (vv.1-2): "I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect" (v.1). El Shaddai — the God who is sufficient for every impossibility. "Perfect" = blameless, wholehearted.
The Covenant Expanded (vv.3-8): Abraham falls on his face (v.3). God's promises: father of many nations (v.4), new name (v.5), exceedingly fruitful (v.6), kings from him (v.6), everlasting covenant (v.7), the land of Canaan as everlasting possession (v.8).
Circumcision — The Covenant Sign (vv.9-14): Every male circumcised at eight days old (vv.10-12). A sign "in your flesh" of the everlasting covenant (v.13). The uncircumcised are "cut off" — covenant-breakers (v.14).
Sarah's Promise (vv.15-22): Sarai renamed Sarah ("princess") (v.15). She will bear a son (v.16). Abraham laughs — "Shall a child be born unto him that is an hundred years old?" (v.17). He asks for Ishmael (v.18). God insists: Sarah will bear Isaac (v.19). Ishmael blessed but the covenant is with Isaac (vv.20-21).
Immediate Obedience (vv.23-27): Abraham circumcises every male "in the selfsame day" (v.23). No delay. Complete obedience.

Map & Geography

  • Abraham is still at Mamre/Hebron during this chapter. The covenant renewal takes place in the same region where he has settled (cf. 13:18).
  • Ishmael's prophesied territory: "He shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren" (cf. 16:12) — the Arabian desert regions east and south of Canaan.

Places on this map

  • HebronHebron, West BankThe highest town in the Judean hills at about 3,000 feet, 19 miles south of Jerusalem. Abraham bought a burial cave here, and David reigned from it for seven years before moving north, so it carries both the patriarchal and the royal claim to the land. Wikipedia
  • CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers El Shaddai, the name changes, circumcision, and the Isaac promise.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Genesis 17 Summary in 5 Minutes - 5MBS
2BeLikeChrist

Genesis 17-18:15 | Circumcision | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

God Affirms the Covenant with Abram – Genesis 17
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • The All-Sufficient God (v.1) — God reveals Himself as El Shaddai, the Almighty, and calls Abraham to walk before Him and live wholeheartedly devoted, not merely blameless in behavior. What impossible situation in your life needs you to trust that God is sufficient for it?
  • A New Name, A New Identity (v.5) — God renames Abram to Abraham, giving him an identity rooted in the promise rather than anything he had accomplished. Are you living out of an old identity, or the new one God has given you?
  • Bringing Honest Doubt to God (v.17) — Abraham laughs at the idea of a hundred-year-old man and a ninety-year-old woman having a child, and God doesn't rebuke him for it. Are you willing to bring your genuine doubts to God instead of hiding them from Him?
  • Obedience Without Delay (v.23) — Abraham circumcises every male in his household that very same day, with no negotiation or procrastination. When God asks something of you, how quickly do you actually respond?