Genesis — Chapter 28
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1So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. “Do not take a wife from the Canaanite women,” he commanded.
2“Go at once to Paddan-aram, to the house of your mother’s father Bethuel, and take a wife from among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother.
3May God Almighty bless you and make you fruitful and multiply you, so that you may become a company of peoples.
4And may He give the blessing of Abraham to you and your descendants, so that you may possess the land where you dwell as a foreigner, the land God gave to Abraham.”
5So Isaac sent Jacob to Paddan-aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebekah, who was the mother of Jacob and Esau.
6Now Esau learned that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him to Paddan-aram to take a wife there, commanding him, “Do not marry a Canaanite woman,”
7and that Jacob had obeyed his father and mother and gone to Paddan-aram.
8And seeing that his father Isaac disapproved of the Canaanite women,
9Esau went to Ishmael and married Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, in addition to the wives he already had.
10Meanwhile Jacob left Beersheba and set out for Haran.
11On reaching a certain place, he spent the night there because the sun had set. And taking one of the stones from that place, he put it under his head and lay down to sleep.
12And Jacob had a dream about a ladder that rested on the earth with its top reaching up to heaven, and God’s angels were going up and down the ladder.
13And there at the top the LORD was standing and saying, “I am the LORD, the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the land on which you now lie.
14Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west and east and north and south. All the families of the earth will be blessed through you and your offspring.
15Look, I am with you, and I will watch over you wherever you go, and I will bring you back to this land. For I will not leave you until I have done what I have promised you.”
16When Jacob woke up, he said, “Surely the LORD is in this place, and I was unaware of it.”
17And he was afraid and said, “How awesome is this place! This is none other than the house of God; this is the gate of heaven!”
18Early the next morning, Jacob took the stone that he had placed under his head, and he set it up as a pillar. He poured oil on top of it,
19and he called that place Bethel, though previously the city had been named Luz.
20Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God will be with me and watch over me on this journey, and if He will provide me with food to eat and clothes to wear,
21so that I may return safely to my father’s house, then the LORD will be my God.
22And this stone I have set up as a pillar will be God’s house, and of all that You give me I will surely give You a tenth.”
1And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan.
2Arise, go to Padan-aram, to the house of Bethuel thy mother’s father; and take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban thy mother’s brother.
3And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou mayest be a multitude of people;
4And give thee the blessing of Abraham, to thee, and to thy seed with thee; that thou mayest inherit the land wherein thou art a stranger, which God gave unto Abraham.
5And Isaac sent away Jacob: and he went to Padan-aram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob’s and Esau’s mother.
6When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob, and sent him away to Padan-aram, to take him a wife from thence; and that as he blessed him he gave him a charge, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan;
7And that Jacob obeyed his father and his mother, and was gone to Padan-aram;
8And Esau seeing that the daughters of Canaan pleased not Isaac his father;
9Then went Esau unto Ishmael, and took unto the wives which he had Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham’s son, the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife.
10And Jacob went out from Beer-sheba, and went toward Haran.
11And he lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night, because the sun was set; and he took of the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to sleep.
12And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it.
13And, behold, the LORD stood above it, and said, I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed;
14And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.
15And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.
16And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely the LORD is in this place; and I knew it not.
17And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.
18And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.
19And he called the name of that place Bethel: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first.
20And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,
21So that I come again to my father’s house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God:
22And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God’s house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee.
1And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan.
2Arise, go to Paddan-aram, to the house of Bethuel thy mother`s father. And take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban thy mother`s brother.
3And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou mayest be a company of peoples.
4And give thee the blessing of Abraham, to thee, and to thy seed with thee. That thou mayest inherit the land of thy sojournings, which God gave unto Abraham.
5And Isaac sent away Jacob. And he went to Paddan-aram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob`s and Esau`s mother.
6Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away to Paddan-aram, to take him a wife from thence. And that as he blessed him he gave him a charge, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan.
7And that Jacob obeyed his father and his mother, and was gone to Paddan-aram.
8And Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan pleased not Isaac his father.
9And Esau went unto Ishmael, and took, besides the wives that he had, Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham`s son, the sister of Nebaioth, to be his wife.
10And Jacob went out from Beer-sheba, and went toward Haran.
11And he lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night, because the sun was set. And he took one of the stones of the place, and put it under his head, and lay down in that place to sleep.
12And he dreamed. And behold, a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven. And behold, the angels of God ascending and descending on it.
13And, behold, Jehovah stood above it, and said, I am Jehovah, the God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac. The land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed.
14And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. And in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.
15And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee, whithersoever thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land. For I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.
16And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely Jehovah is in this place. And I knew it not.
17And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.
18And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.
19And he called the name of that place Beth-el. But the name of the city was Luz at the first.
20And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,
21so that I come again to my father`s house in peace, and Jehovah will be my God,
22then this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, shall be God`s house. And of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee.
1So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman!
2Leave immediately for Paddan Aram! Go to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and find yourself a wife there, among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother.
3May the Sovereign God bless you! May he make you fruitful and give you a multitude of descendants! Then you will become a large nation.
4May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham so that you may possess the land God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.”
5So Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean and brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.
6Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there. As he blessed him, Isaac commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman.”
7Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan Aram.
8Then Esau realized that the Canaanite women were displeasing to his father Isaac.
9So Esau went to Ishmael and married Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, along with the wives he already had.
10Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran.
11He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place
12and had a dream. He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it
13and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on.
14Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants.
15I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!”
16Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!”
17He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”
18Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone. Then he poured oil on top of it.
19He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz.
20Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food to eat and clothing to wear,
21and I return safely to my father’s home, then the Lord will become my God.
22Then this stone that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”
1Isaac called Jacob, blessed him, and commanded him, “You shall not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan.
2Arise, go to Paddan Aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother’s father. Take a wife from there from the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother.
3May God Almighty bless you, and make you fruitful, and multiply you, that you may be a company of peoples,
4and give you the blessing of Abraham, to you, and to your offspring with you, that you may inherit the land where you travel, which God gave to Abraham.”
5Isaac sent Jacob away. He went to Paddan Aram to Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, Rebekah’s brother, Jacob’s and Esau’s mother.
6Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away to Paddan Aram, to take him a wife from there, and that as he blessed him he gave him a command, saying, “You shall not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan,”
7and that Jacob obeyed his father and his mother, and was gone to Paddan Aram.
8Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan didn’t please Isaac, his father.
9Esau went to Ishmael, and took, besides the wives that he had, Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham’s son, the sister of Nebaioth, to be his wife.
10Jacob went out from Beersheba, and went toward Haran.
11He came to a certain place, and stayed there all night, because the sun had set. He took one of the stones of the place, and put it under his head, and lay down in that place to sleep.
12He dreamed. Behold, a stairway set upon the earth, and its top reached to heaven. Behold, the angels of God ascending and descending on it.
13Behold, Yahweh stood above it, and said, “I am Yahweh, the God of Abraham your father, and the God of Isaac. The land whereon you lie, to you will I give it, and to your offspring.
14Your offspring will be as the dust of the earth, and you will spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. In you and in your offspring will all the families of the earth be blessed.
15Behold, I am with you, and will keep you, wherever you go, and will bring you again into this land. For I will not leave you, until I have done that which I have spoken of to you.”
16Jacob awakened out of his sleep, and he said, “Surely Yahweh is in this place, and I didn’t know it.”
17He was afraid, and said, “How dreadful is this place! This is none other than God’s house, and this is the gate of heaven.”
18Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil on its top.
19He called the name of that place Bethel, but the name of the city was Luz at the first.
20Jacob vowed a vow, saying, “If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and clothing to put on,
21so that I come again to my father’s house in peace, and Yahweh will be my God,
22then this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, will be God’s house. Of all that you will give me I will surely give a tenth to you.”
Summary
Isaac blesses Jacob again and sends him to Paddan-aram to find a wife among Laban's family rather than the local Canaanites, while Esau, sensing his father's disapproval, marries a daughter of Ishmael (vv. 1-9). Stopping for the night on his journey, Jacob dreams of a stairway reaching from earth to heaven with angels ascending and descending on it, and the LORD stands above it, reaffirming to Jacob the covenant promises made to Abraham and Isaac (vv. 10-15). Jacob wakes in awe, calls the place Bethel, sets up his stone pillow as a memorial pillar, and vows that if God brings him back safely, the LORD will be his God and he will give a tenth of all he has (vv. 16-22).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Beer-sheba (v.10) — Jacob departs from his family home heading north.
- Bethel / Luz (vv.11-19) — approximately 60 miles north of Beer-sheba in the central hill country. Jacob names it "Bethel" meaning "house of God" after his dream of the ladder/stairway reaching heaven.
- Haran / Paddan-aram (v.10) — Jacob's destination: the family homeland in northwest Mesopotamia (modern Harran, Turkey, near the Syrian border).
- The journey from Beer-sheba to Haran traces the entire length of Canaan and beyond — roughly 500 miles.
Places on this map
- BethelBeitin, West BankA ridge-road town about 11 miles north of Jerusalem, where Jacob dreamed of the stairway and named the place house of God. Jeroboam later put one of his two golden calves here precisely because pilgrims already came. Wikipedia
- HarranHarran, TurkeyA caravan town on the Balikh, a tributary of the Euphrates in northern Mesopotamia. Abraham's family stopped here on the way from Ur, and it stayed the family's home ground: Isaac's and Jacob's wives were both fetched from it. Wikipedia
- CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia
- BeershebaBeersheba, IsraelA well at the top of the Negev, the last settled place before the desert, which is why from Dan to Beersheba means the whole land. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob all camped here. Wikipedia
- MesopotamiaIraq and eastern SyriaThe land between the Tigris and Euphrates, flat, hot and farmable only by irrigation, which forced early cities into large-scale cooperation. Abraham came from its southern end and Israel's exiles were taken to its middle. Wikipedia
- AramSyriaThe Syrian interior north-east of Israel, a set of city-states rather than one kingdom, with Damascus the strongest. Aramaic, its language, became the everyday speech of the whole region including Judea. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the blessing, the dream, the ladder's significance, Christ as the true ladder, and Jacob's vow.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Christ, the True Ladder to Heaven (v.12) — Jacob dreams of a stairway reaching from earth to heaven with angels moving between the two, a picture Jesus later applies to Himself as the connection between God and man. Are you actually using the access to God that Christ provides, or living as if heaven is still distant?
- Grace Given to the Undeserving (vv.13-14) — God repeats the Abrahamic promises to Jacob not because he has earned them but purely as an act of grace toward a schemer fleeing his own family. Do you rest in the fact that your standing with God rests on His promise rather than your merit?
- A Promise Made to a Man at His Worst (v.15) — God commits to stay with Jacob and finish what He started, speaking this to a deceiver on the run rather than waiting until Jacob cleaned himself up. Do you believe God meets you in your worst moments, or do you feel you need to get yourself right before approaching Him?
- God Present Where We Don't Expect Him (v.16) — Jacob wakes up realizing the LORD was in that ordinary, unremarkable place all along, even though he hadn't recognized it. Where in your current circumstances might God be present in a way you haven't noticed yet?
- Conditional Commitment vs. Full Surrender (vv.20-21) — Jacob's vow to God is framed as a bargain: if God provides and protects him, then God will be his God. Is your own commitment to God still conditional on what He does for you, or has it become genuine surrender?