Genesis — Chapter 32
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1And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him.
2And when Jacob saw them, he said, This is God’s host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim.
3And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the country of Edom.
4And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye speak unto my lord Esau; Thy servant Jacob saith thus, I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed there until now:
5And I have oxen, and asses, flocks, and menservants, and womenservants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find grace in thy sight.
6And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother Esau, and also he cometh to meet thee, and four hundred men with him.
7Then Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed: and he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and herds, and the camels, into two bands;
8And said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the other company which is left shall escape.
9And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, the LORD which saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will deal well with thee:
10I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which thou hast shewed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two bands.
11Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he will come and smite me, and the mother with the children.
12And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude.
13And he lodged there that same night; and took of that which came to his hand a present for Esau his brother;
14Two hundred she goats, and twenty he goats, two hundred ewes, and twenty rams,
15Thirty milch camels with their colts, forty kine, and ten bulls, twenty she asses, and ten foals.
16And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove.
17And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?
18Then thou shalt say, They be thy servant Jacob’s; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us.
19And so commanded he the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him.
20And say ye moreover, Behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept of me.
21So went the present over before him: and himself lodged that night in the company.
22And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two womenservants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok.
23And he took them, and sent them over the brook, and sent over that he had.
24And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.
25And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was out of joint, as he wrestled with him.
26And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.
27And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob.
28And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
29And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there.
30And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.
31And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh.
32Therefore the children of Israel eat not of the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew that shrank.
1And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him.
2And Jacob said when he saw them, This is God`s host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim.
3And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom.
4And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye say unto my lord Esau: Thus saith thy servant Jacob, I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed until now:
5and I have oxen, and asses, [and] flocks, and men-servants, and maid-servants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find favor in thy sight.
6And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother Esau, and moreover he cometh to meet thee, and four hundred men with him.
7Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed: and he divided the people that were with him, and the flocks, and the herds, and the camels, into two companies;
8and he said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the company which is left shall escape.
9And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, O Jehovah, who saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will do thee good:
10I am not worthy of the least of all the lovingkindnesses, and of all the truth, which thou hast showed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two companies.
11Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he come and smite me, the mother with the children.
12And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude.
13And he lodged there that night, and took of that which he had with him a present for Esau his brother:
14two hundred she-goats and twenty he-goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams,
15thirty milch camels and their colts, forty cows and ten bulls, twenty she-asses and ten foals.
16And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by itself, and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove.
17And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?
18then thou shalt say [They are] thy servant Jacob`s; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, he also is behind us.
19And he commanded also the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him;
20and ye shall say, Moreover, behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept me.
21So the present passed over before him: and he himself lodged that night in the company.
22And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two handmaids, and his eleven children, and passed over the ford of the Jabbok.
23And he took them, and sent them over the stream, and sent over that which he had.
24And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.
25And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob`s thigh was strained, as he wrestled with him.
26And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.
27And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob.
28And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
29And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there.
30And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for, [said he], I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.
31And the sun rose upon him as he passed over Penuel, and he limped upon his thigh.
32Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sinew of the hip which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob`s thigh in the sinew of the hip.
1So Jacob went on his way and the angels of God met him.
2When Jacob saw them, he exclaimed, “This is the camp of God!” So he named that place Mahanaim.
3Jacob sent messengers on ahead to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the region of Edom.
4He commanded them, “This is what you must say to my lord Esau: ‘This is what your servant Jacob says: I have been staying with Laban until now.
5I have oxen, donkeys, sheep, and male and female servants. I have sent this message to inform my lord, so that I may find favor in your sight.’”
6The messengers returned to Jacob and said, “We went to your brother Esau. He is coming to meet you and has 400 men with him.”
7Jacob was very afraid and upset. So he divided the people who were with him into two camps, as well as the flocks, herds, and camels.
8“If Esau attacks one camp,” he thought, “then the other camp will be able to escape.”
9Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my father Abraham, God of my father Isaac, O Lord, you said to me, ‘Return to your land and to your relatives and I will make you prosper.’
10I am not worthy of all the faithful love you have shown your servant. With only my walking stick I crossed the Jordan, but now I have become two camps.
11Rescue me, I pray, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid he will come and attack me, as well as the mothers with their children.
12But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand on the seashore, too numerous to count.’”
13Jacob stayed there that night. Then he sent as a gift to his brother Esau
14200 female goats and 20 male goats, 200 ewes and 20 rams,
1530 female camels with their young, 40 cows and 10 bulls, and 20 female donkeys and 10 male donkeys.
16He entrusted them to his servants, who divided them into herds. He told his servants, “Pass over before me, and keep some distance between one herd and the next.”
17He instructed the servant leading the first herd, “When my brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘To whom do you belong? Where are you going? Whose herds are you driving?’
18then you must say, ‘They belong to your servant Jacob. They have been sent as a gift to my lord Esau. In fact Jacob himself is behind us.’”
19He also gave these instructions to the second and third servants, as well as all those who were following the herds, saying, “You must say the same thing to Esau when you meet him.
20You must also say, ‘In fact your servant Jacob is behind us.’” Jacob thought, “I will first appease him by sending a gift ahead of me. After that I will meet him. Perhaps he will accept me.”
21So the gifts were sent on ahead of him while he spent that night in the camp.
22During the night Jacob quickly took his two wives, his two female servants, and his eleven sons and crossed the ford of the Jabbok.
23He took them and sent them across the stream along with all his possessions.
24So Jacob was left alone. Then a man wrestled with him until daybreak.
25When the man saw that he could not defeat Jacob, he struck the socket of his hip so the socket of Jacob’s hip was dislocated while he wrestled with him.
26Then the man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” “I will not let you go,” Jacob replied, “unless you bless me.”
27The man asked him, “What is your name?” He answered, “Jacob.”
28“No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, “but Israel, because you have fought with God and with men and have prevailed.”
29Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” “Why do you ask my name?” the man replied. Then he blessed Jacob there.
30So Jacob named the place Peniel, explaining, “Certainly I have seen God face to face and have survived.”
31The sun rose over him as he crossed over Penuel, but he was limping because of his hip.
32That is why to this day the Israelites do not eat the sinew which is attached to the socket of the hip, because he struck the socket of Jacob’s hip near the attached sinew.
1Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him.
2When he saw them, Jacob said, “This is God’s army.” He called the name of that place Mahanaim.
3Jacob sent messengers in front of him to Esau, his brother, to the land of Seir, the field of Edom.
4He commanded them, saying, “This is what you shall tell my lord, Esau: ‘This is what your servant, Jacob, says. I have lived as a foreigner with Laban, and stayed until now.
5I have cattle, donkeys, flocks, male servants, and female servants. I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find favor in your sight.’”
6The messengers returned to Jacob, saying, “We came to your brother Esau. Not only that, but he comes to meet you, and four hundred men with him.”
7Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed. He divided the people who were with him, and the flocks, and the herds, and the camels, into two companies;
8and he said, “If Esau comes to the one company, and strikes it, then the company which is left will escape.”
9Jacob said, “God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh, who said to me, ‘Return to your country, and to your relatives, and I will do you good,’
10I am not worthy of the least of all the loving kindnesses, and of all the truth, which you have shown to your servant; for with just my staff I crossed over this Jordan; and now I have become two companies.
11Please deliver me from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he come and strike me, and the mothers with the children.
12You said, ‘I will surely do you good, and make your offspring as the sand of the sea, which can’t be counted because there are so many.’”
13He stayed there that night, and took from that which he had with him, a present for Esau, his brother:
14two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams,
15thirty milk camels and their colts, forty cows, ten bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten foals.
16He delivered them into the hands of his servants, every herd by itself, and said to his servants, “Pass over before me, and put a space between herd and herd.”
17He commanded the foremost, saying, “When Esau, my brother, meets you, and asks you, saying, ‘Whose are you? Where are you going? Whose are these before you?’
18Then you shall say, ‘They are your servant, Jacob’s. It is a present sent to my lord, Esau. Behold, he also is behind us.’”
19He commanded also the second, and the third, and all that followed the herds, saying, “This is how you shall speak to Esau, when you find him.
20You shall say, ‘Not only that, but behold, your servant, Jacob, is behind us.’” For, he said, “I will appease him with the present that goes before me, and afterward I will see his face. Perhaps he will accept me.”
21So the present passed over before him, and he himself stayed that night in the camp.
22He rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two servants, and his eleven sons, and crossed over the ford of the Jabbok.
23He took them, and sent them over the stream, and sent over that which he had.
24Jacob was left alone, and wrestled with a man there until the breaking of the day.
25When he saw that he didn’t prevail against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh, and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was strained, as he wrestled.
26The man said, “Let me go, for the day breaks.” Jacob said, “I won’t let you go, unless you bless me.”
27He said to him, “What is your name?” He said, “Jacob”.
28He said, “Your name will no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have fought with God and with men, and have prevailed.”
29Jacob asked him, “Please tell me your name.” He said, “Why is it that you ask what my name is?” He blessed him there.
30Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for, he said, “I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.”
31The sun rose on him as he passed over Peniel, and he limped because of his thigh.
32Therefore the children of Israel don’t eat the sinew of the hip, which is on the hollow of the thigh, to this day, because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew of the hip.
Summary
Jacob wrestles with God at Peniel the night before meeting Esau, and God renames him Israel — 'he struggles with God.'
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- The Jabbok River (v.22) — a tributary of the Jordan River (modern Zarqa River in Jordan). Jacob crosses it heading westward into Canaan.
- Peniel / Penuel (v.30) — meaning "face of God," located near the Jabbok. The site of Jacob's wrestling with God. He names it because "I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved."
- Mahanaim (v.2) — meaning "two camps," east of the Jordan. Where angels meet Jacob at the border of the Promised Land.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the angels, Jacob's prayer, the wrestling match, the new name, and the transformation.
- Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "Wrestling Jacob" on vv.24-28 (MTP Vol. 11, No. 645) "I will NOT let thee go except thou bless me — this is the prayer that prevails. Not polite, not casual, not half-hearted — desperate. Jacob clung to God with everything he had. And God WANTED to be held. He could have escaped at any moment — He chose to stay and wrestle. God loves to be wrestled with. He loves the prayer that won't let go. He loves the faith that clings. Wrestle with God — and you will prevail." Sermon: "The New Name" on v.28 (MTP Vol. 14, No. 840) "No more Jacob — supplanter, schemer, heel-grabber. Now ISRAEL — prince with God, one who prevails. God changes names when He changes natures. You are not who you were. The old name (sinner, failure, schemer) is replaced by the new name (child of God, overcomer, prince). What does God call you?"
Reflection
- 1. "I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies" (v.10). Jacob finally sees himself clearly — undeserving. Have you reached this place of genuine humility? It's the starting point of real prayer.
- 2. "Jacob was left alone" (v.24). God often meets us when we're alone — stripped of support, resources, and self-reliance. Are you willing to be alone with God?
- 3. "I will not let thee go, except thou bless me" (v.26). This is the prayer that prevails — desperate, persistent, refusing to let go. Do you pray like this? Or do you give up easily?
- 4. "Thy name shall be called... Israel" (v.28). God gives new names — new identities. You are not defined by your past (Jacob/supplanter) but by your encounter with God (Israel/prince). What does God call you?
- 5. Jacob limped away (v.31). The encounter left him permanently broken — and permanently blessed. Are you willing to be broken by God? Your limp may be your greatest testimony.