Genesis — Chapter 50

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1Then Joseph fell upon his father’s face, wept over him, and kissed him.

2And Joseph directed the physicians in his service to embalm his father Israel. So they embalmed him,

3taking the forty days required to complete the embalming. And the Egyptians mourned for him seventy days.

4When the days of mourning had passed, Joseph said to Pharaoh’s court, “If I have found favor in your eyes, please tell Pharaoh that

5my father made me swear an oath when he said, ‘I am about to die. You must bury me in the tomb that I dug for myself in the land of Canaan.’ Now let me go and bury my father, and then return.”

6Pharaoh replied, “Go up and bury your father, as he made you swear to do.”

7Then Joseph went to bury his father, and all the servants of Pharaoh accompanied him—the elders of Pharaoh’s household and all the elders of the land of Egypt—

8along with all of Joseph’s household, and his brothers, and his father’s household. Only their children and flocks and herds were left in Goshen.

9Chariots and horsemen alike went up with him, and it was an exceedingly large procession.

10When they reached the threshing floor of Atad, which is across the Jordan, they lamented and wailed loudly, and Joseph mourned for his father seven days.

11When the Canaanites of the land saw the mourning at the threshing floor of Atad, they said, “This is a solemn ceremony of mourning by the Egyptians.” Thus the place across the Jordan is called Abel-mizraim.

12So Jacob’s sons did as he had charged them.

13They carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave at Machpelah in the field near Mamre, which Abraham had purchased from Ephron the Hittite as a burial site.

14After Joseph had buried his father, he returned to Egypt with his brothers and all who had gone with him to bury his father.

15When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge? Then he will surely repay us for all the evil that we did to him.”

16So they sent word to Joseph, saying, “Before he died, your father commanded,

17‘This is what you are to say to Joseph: I beg you, please forgive the transgression and sin of your brothers, for they did you wrong.’ So now, Joseph, please forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of your father.” When their message came to him, Joseph wept.

18His brothers also came to him, bowed down before him, and said, “We are your slaves!”

19But Joseph replied, “Do not be afraid. Am I in the place of God?

20As for you, what you intended against me for evil, God intended for good, in order to accomplish a day like this—to preserve the lives of many people.

21Therefore do not be afraid. I will provide for you and your little ones.” So Joseph reassured his brothers and spoke kindly to them.

22Now Joseph and his father’s household remained in Egypt, and Joseph lived to the age of 110.

23He saw Ephraim’s sons to the third generation, and indeed the sons of Machir son of Manasseh were brought up on Joseph’s knees.

24Then Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about to die, but God will surely visit you and bring you up from this land to the land He promised on oath to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”

25And Joseph made the sons of Israel take an oath and said, “God will surely attend to you, and then you must carry my bones up from this place.”

26So Joseph died at the age of 110. And they embalmed his body and placed it in a coffin in Egypt.

1And Joseph fell upon his father’s face, and wept upon him, and kissed him.

2And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.

3And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are embalmed: and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten days.

4And when the days of his mourning were past, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found grace in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying,

5My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I die: in my grave which I have digged for me in the land of Canaan, there shalt thou bury me. Now therefore let me go up, I pray thee, and bury my father, and I will come again.

6And Pharaoh said, Go up, and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear.

7And Joseph went up to bury his father: and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all the elders of the land of Egypt,

8And all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father’s house: only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen.

9And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen: and it was a very great company.

10And they came to the threshingfloor of Atad, which is beyond Jordan, and there they mourned with a great and very sore lamentation: and he made a mourning for his father seven days.

11And when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, This is a grievous mourning to the Egyptians: wherefore the name of it was called Abel-mizraim, which is beyond Jordan.

12And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them:

13For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field for a possession of a buryingplace of Ephron the Hittite, before Mamre.

14And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father.

15And when Joseph’s brethren saw that their father was dead, they said, Joseph will peradventure hate us, and will certainly requite us all the evil which we did unto him.

16And they sent a messenger unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did command before he died, saying,

17So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now, the trespass of thy brethren, and their sin; for they did unto thee evil: and now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept when they spake unto him.

18And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and they said, Behold, we be thy servants.

19And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the place of God?

20But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive.

21Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little ones. And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them.

22And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father’s house: and Joseph lived an hundred and ten years.

23And Joseph saw Ephraim’s children of the third generation: the children also of Machir the son Manasseh were brought up upon Joseph’s knees.

24And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.

25And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence.

26So Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.

1And Joseph fell upon his father`s face, and wept upon him, and kissed him.

2And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel.

3And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of embalming: and the Egyptians wept for him three-score and ten days.

4And when the days of weeping for him were past, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found favor in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying,

5My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I die: in my grave which I have digged for me in the land of Canaan, there shalt thou bury me. Now therefore let me go up, I pray thee, and bury my father, and I will come again.

6And Pharaoh said, Go up, and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear.

7And Joseph went up to bury his father; and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all the elders of the land of Egypt,

8and all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father`s house: only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen.

9And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen: and it was a very great company.

10And they came to the threshing-floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, and there they lamented with a very great and sore lamentation: and he made a mourning for his father seven days.

11And when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, This is a grievous mourning to the Egyptians: wherefore the name of it was called Abel-mizraim, which is beyond the Jordan.

12And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them:

13for his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field, for a possession of a burying-place, of Ephron the Hittite, before Mamre.

14And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father.

15And when Joseph`s brethren saw that their father was dead, they said, It may be that Joseph will hate us, and will fully requite us all the evil which we did unto him.

16And they sent a message unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did command before he died, saying,

17So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now, the transgression of thy brethren, and their sin, for that they did unto thee evil. And now, we pray thee, forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept when they spake unto him.

18And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and they said, Behold, we are thy servants.

19And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the place of God?

20And as for you, ye meant evil against me; but God meant it for good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive.

21Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little ones. And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them.

22And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father`s house: and Joseph lived a hundred and ten years.

23And Joseph saw Ephraim`s children of the third generation: the children also of Machir the son of Manasseh were born upon Joseph`s knees.

24And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die; but God will surely visit you, and bring you up out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.

25And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence.

26So Joseph died, being a hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.

1Then Joseph hugged his father’s face. He wept over him and kissed him.

2Joseph instructed the physicians in his service to embalm his father, so the physicians embalmed Israel.

3They took 40 days, for that is the full time needed for embalming. The Egyptians mourned for him 70 days.

4When the days of mourning had passed, Joseph said to Pharaoh’s royal court, “If I have found favor in your sight, please say to Pharaoh,

5‘My father made me swear an oath. He said, “I am about to die. Bury me in my tomb that I dug for myself there in the land of Canaan.” Now let me go and bury my father; then I will return.’”

6So Pharaoh said, “Go and bury your father, just as he made you swear to do.”

7So Joseph went up to bury his father; all Pharaoh’s officials went with him—the senior courtiers of his household, all the senior officials of the land of Egypt,

8all Joseph’s household, his brothers, and his father’s household. But they left their little children and their flocks and herds in the land of Goshen.

9Chariots and horsemen also went up with him, so it was a very large entourage.

10When they came to the threshing floor of Atad on the other side of the Jordan, they mourned there with very great and bitter sorrow. There Joseph observed a seven-day period of mourning for his father.

11When the Canaanites who lived in the land saw them mourning at the threshing floor of Atad, they said, “This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians.” That is why its name was called Abel Mizraim, which is beyond the Jordan.

12So the sons of Jacob did for him just as he had instructed them.

13His sons carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, near Mamre. This is the field Abraham purchased as a burial plot from Ephron the Hittite.

14After he buried his father, Joseph returned to Egypt, along with his brothers and all who had accompanied him to bury his father.

15When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge and wants to repay us in full for all the harm we did to him?”

16So they sent word to Joseph, saying, “Your father gave these instructions before he died:

17‘Tell Joseph this: Please forgive the sin of your brothers and the wrong they did when they treated you so badly.’ Now please forgive the sin of the servants of the God of your father.” When this message was reported to him, Joseph wept.

18Then his brothers also came and threw themselves down before him; they said, “Here we are; we are your slaves.”

19But Joseph answered them, “Don’t be afraid. Am I in the place of God?

20As for you, you meant to harm me, but God intended it for a good purpose, so he could preserve the lives of many people, as you can see this day.

21So now, don’t be afraid. I will provide for you and your little children.” Then he consoled them and spoke kindly to them.

22Joseph lived in Egypt, along with his father’s family. Joseph lived 110 years.

23Joseph saw the descendants of Ephraim to the third generation. He also saw the children of Makir the son of Manasseh; they were given special inheritance rights by Joseph.

24Then Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about to die. But God will surely come to you and lead you up from this land to the land he swore on oath to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”

25Joseph made the sons of Israel swear an oath. He said, “God will surely come to you. Then you must carry my bones up from this place.”

26So Joseph died at the age of 110. After they embalmed him, his body was placed in a coffin in Egypt.

1Joseph fell on his father’s face, wept on him, and kissed him.

2Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father; and the physicians embalmed Israel.

3Forty days were fulfilled for him, for that is how many the days it takes to embalm. The Egyptians wept for him for seventy days.

4When the days of weeping for him were past, Joseph spoke to the house of Pharaoh, saying, “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak in the ears of Pharaoh, saying,

5‘My father made me swear, saying, “Behold, I am dying. Bury me in my grave which I have dug for myself in the land of Canaan.” Now therefore, please let me go up and bury my father, and I will come again.’”

6Pharaoh said, “Go up, and bury your father, just like he made you swear.”

7Joseph went up to bury his father; and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, all the elders of the land of Egypt,

8All the house of Joseph, his brothers, and his father’s house. Only their little ones, their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen.

9There went up with him both chariots and horsemen. It was a very great company.

10They came to the threshing floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, and there they lamented with a very great and severe lamentation. He mourned for his father seven days.

11When the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, “This is a grievous mourning by the Egyptians.” Therefore its name was called Abel Mizraim, which is beyond the Jordan.

12His sons did to him just as he commanded them,

13for his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field, as a possession for a burial site, from Ephron the Hittite, near Mamre.

14Joseph returned into Egypt—he, and his brothers, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father.

15When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “It may be that Joseph will hate us, and will fully pay us back for all the evil which we did to him.”

16They sent a message to Joseph, saying, “Your father commanded before he died, saying,

17‘You shall tell Joseph, “Now please forgive the disobedience of your brothers, and their sin, because they did evil to you.”’ Now, please forgive the disobedience of the servants of the God of your father.” Joseph wept when they spoke to him.

18His brothers also went and fell down before his face; and they said, “Behold, we are your servants.”

19Joseph said to them, “Don’t be afraid, for am I in the place of God?

20As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good, to bring to pass, as it is today, to save many people alive.

21Now therefore don’t be afraid. I will nourish you and your little ones.” He comforted them, and spoke kindly to them.

22Joseph lived in Egypt, he, and his father’s house. Joseph lived one hundred ten years.

23Joseph saw Ephraim’s children to the third generation. The children also of Machir, the son of Manasseh, were born on Joseph’s knees.

24Joseph said to his brothers, “I am dying, but God will surely visit you, and bring you up out of this land to the land which he swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.”

25Joseph took an oath from the children of Israel, saying, “God will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones from here.”

26So Joseph died, being one hundred ten years old, and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Joseph mourns his father's death and has him embalmed, then leads a large procession back to Canaan to bury Jacob in the cave at Machpelah, as he had sworn to do (vv. 1-14). After their father's death, Joseph's brothers fear he will now take revenge on them, but Joseph weeps at their fear and reassures them that though they intended evil against him, God intended it for good, to preserve many lives (vv. 15-21). Joseph lives to see his great-grandchildren through Ephraim and Manasseh's line (vv. 22-23). Before he dies at 110, Joseph makes his brothers swear to carry his bones out of Egypt when God eventually brings Israel back to the land he promised (vv. 24-26).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 50 closes the book of Genesis — the book of beginnings ends with a coffin in Egypt (v.26). Yet it ends in faith, not despair. Jacob is buried in Canaan as promised. Joseph forgives his brothers with the greatest theological statement in Genesis: "Ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good" (v.20). Joseph dies at 110, making his brothers swear to carry his bones to Canaan when God "visits" them — an act of faith fulfilled 400 years later (Exodus 13:19; Joshua 24:32). Genesis begins with God creating life; it ends with a coffin — but between them stands the promise of redemption.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a father embalmed for forty days and mourned for seventy before a funeral procession of Egyptian officials, chariots and horsemen escorts his body all the way back to Canaan, brothers newly afraid of revenge the moment their father is gone, inventing or recalling a deathbed instruction to plead for mercy, Joseph's own theological summary of the entire book, ye thought evil against me, but God meant it unto good, a death at a hundred ten years old considered in Egyptian culture itself to be the ideal lifespan, and a coffin left waiting in Egypt on the strength of an oath that Genesis leaves entirely unresolved for four hundred years
Jacob's Burial (vv.1-14): Joseph weeps over his father and kisses him (v.1). Jacob is embalmed — 40 days for embalming, 70 days of Egyptian mourning (vv.2-3). Joseph requests permission to fulfill his oath (vv.4-6). A massive funeral procession — "a very great company" of Egyptian officials, chariots, and horsemen accompanies the family (vv.7-9). Seven days of mourning at the threshing floor of Atad (v.10). The Canaanites name it "Abel-mizraim" — "mourning of Egypt" (v.11). Jacob is buried in Machpelah with Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, and Leah (v.13).
The Brothers' Fear (vv.15-21): With Jacob dead, the brothers fear Joseph will take revenge (v.15). They send a message claiming Jacob commanded forgiveness (v.16-17) — possibly fabricated. Joseph weeps (v.17). They fall before him: "we be thy servants" (v.18) — dreams fulfilled one final time. Joseph's response: "Fear not: for am I in the place of God?" (v.19). Then the summit of Genesis theology: "Ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive" (v.20). He comforts them and promises to nourish them (v.21).
Joseph's Death (vv.22-26): Joseph lives to 110 — considered the ideal lifespan in Egyptian culture (v.22). He sees great-grandchildren (v.23). His dying words: "God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob" (v.24). He makes them swear to carry his bones out (v.25). Joseph dies, is embalmed, and placed in a coffin in Egypt (v.26) — awaiting the exodus.

Map & Geography

  • Machpelah/Hebron (v.13) — Jacob is buried in the cave Abraham purchased (ch.23), alongside Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, and Leah. The patriarchal family tomb in the Promised Land.
  • The threshing floor of Atad (v.10) — beyond the Jordan, where the funeral procession mourns. The Canaanites name it Abel-mizraim ("mourning of Egypt") because of the great Egyptian entourage.
  • Joseph's bones remain in Egypt "in a coffin" (v.26), awaiting the Exodus — a statement of faith that God will bring Israel back to Canaan (v.24-25).

Places on this map

  • HebronHebron, West BankThe highest town in the Judean hills at about 3,000 feet, 19 miles south of Jerusalem. Abraham bought a burial cave here, and David reigned from it for seven years before moving north, so it carries both the patriarchal and the royal claim to the land. Wikipedia
  • Jordan RiverIsrael / Jordan borderRuns about 65 miles as the crow flies from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, dropping from 700 to 1,400 feet below sea level. Narrow enough to wade at most fords, it was still the boundary that divided wilderness from inheritance. Wikipedia
  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
  • CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia
  • Transjordanwestern JordanEverything east of the Jordan and the Dead Sea: the plateau taken before the river was crossed and settled by Reuben, Gad and half of Manasseh, who then spent centuries anxious about being counted out. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes v.20 as the theological climax of Genesis — God's sovereignty over human evil for redemptive purposes. Also covers Joseph's faith in the future exodus.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Forgetfulness & Fruitfulness - Genesis 41-51-52
David Guzik

Genesis 46-50 | God Intends Good | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Life of Joseph: Blessed and Directed - Genesis 50:15-26
David Guzik

The Burial of Jacob; the Death of Joseph – Genesis 50
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Refusing to Play God (v.19) — Joseph refuses to sit in judgment over his brothers even though he holds every worldly power to take revenge on them. Are you holding onto a grudge as though punishing someone were your right rather than God's?
  • Two Truths Held Together (v.20) — Joseph names both realities at once: his brothers intended evil against him, and God intended it for good, to preserve many lives. Can you hold both truths about something painful done to you, without excusing the wrong or losing sight of God's purpose in it?
  • Faith for What You Won't See (v.24) — Joseph dies confident that God will one day bring his family out of Egypt to the promised land, a fulfillment he will not live to witness. What promise are you trusting even though you may not see it fulfilled in your lifetime?
  • Knowing Where Home Really Is (v.25) — Joseph makes his family swear to carry his bones out of Egypt when God visits them, refusing to let decades of Egyptian comfort become his true home. Has comfort in your own "Egypt" made you forget where your true home is?