Genesis — Chapter 39
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1Meanwhile, Joseph had been taken down to Egypt, where an Egyptian named Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard, bought him from the Ishmaelites who had taken him there.
2And the LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man, serving in the household of his Egyptian master.
3When his master saw that the LORD was with him and made him prosper in all he did,
4Joseph found favor in his sight and became his personal attendant. Potiphar put him in charge of his household and entrusted him with everything he owned.
5From the time that he put Joseph in charge of his household and all he owned, the LORD blessed the Egyptian’s household on account of him. The LORD’s blessing was on everything he owned, both in his house and in his field.
6So Potiphar left all that he owned in Joseph’s care; he did not concern himself with anything except the food he ate. Now Joseph was well-built and handsome,
7and after some time his master’s wife cast her eyes upon Joseph and said, “Sleep with me.”
8But he refused. “Look,” he said to his master’s wife, “with me here, my master does not concern himself with anything in his house, and he has entrusted everything he owns to my care.
9No one in this house is greater than I am. He has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. So how could I do such a great evil and sin against God?”
10Although Potiphar’s wife spoke to Joseph day after day, he refused to go to bed with her or even be near her.
11One day, however, Joseph went into the house to attend to his work, and not a single household servant was inside.
12She grabbed Joseph by his cloak and said, “Sleep with me!” But leaving his cloak in her hand, he escaped and ran outside.
13When she saw that he had left his cloak in her hand and had run out of the house,
14she called her household servants. “Look,” she said, “this Hebrew has been brought to us to make sport of us. He came to me so he could sleep with me, but I screamed as loud as I could.
15When he heard me scream for help, he left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house.”
16So Potiphar’s wife kept Joseph’s cloak beside her until his master came home.
17Then she told him the same story: “The Hebrew slave you brought us came to me to make sport of me,
18but when I screamed for help, he left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house.”
19When his master heard the story his wife told him, saying, “This is what your slave did to me,” he burned with anger.
20So Joseph’s master took him and had him thrown into the prison where the king’s prisoners were confined. While Joseph was there in the prison,
21the LORD was with him and extended kindness to him, granting him favor in the eyes of the prison warden.
22And the warden put all the prisoners under Joseph’s care, so that he was responsible for all that was done in the prison.
23The warden did not concern himself with anything under Joseph’s care, because the LORD was with Joseph and gave him success in whatever he did.
1And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hands of the Ishmeelites, which had brought him down thither.
2And the LORD was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian.
3And his master saw that the LORD was with him, and that the LORD made all that he did to prosper in his hand.
4And Joseph found grace in his sight, and he served him: and he made him overseer over his house, and all that he had he put into his hand.
5And it came to pass from the time that he had made him overseer in his house, and over all that he had, that the LORD blessed the Egyptian’s house for Joseph’s sake; and the blessing of the LORD was upon all that he had in the house, and in the field.
6And he left all that he had in Joseph’s hand; and he knew not ought he had, save the bread which he did eat. And Joseph was a goodly person, and well favoured.
7And it came to pass after these things, that his master’s wife cast her eyes upon Joseph; and she said, Lie with me.
8But he refused, and said unto his master’s wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand;
9There is none greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?
10And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by day, that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her.
11And it came to pass about this time, that Joseph went into the house to do his business; and there was none of the men of the house there within.
12And she caught him by his garment, saying, Lie with me: and he left his garment in her hand, and fled, and got him out.
13And it came to pass, when she saw that he had left his garment in her hand, and was fled forth,
14That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them, saying, See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice:
15And it came to pass, when he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled, and got him out.
16And she laid up his garment by her, until his lord came home.
17And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, The Hebrew servant, which thou hast brought unto us, came in unto me to mock me:
18And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled out.
19And it came to pass, when his master heard the words of his wife, which she spake unto him, saying, After this manner did thy servant to me; that his wrath was kindled.
20And Joseph’s master took him, and put him into the prison, a place where the king’s prisoners were bound: and he was there in the prison.
21But the LORD was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison.
22And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph’s hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it.
23The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing that was under his hand; because the LORD was with him, and that which he did, the LORD made it to prosper.
1And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh`s, the captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hand of the Ishmaelites, that had brought him down thither.
2And Jehovah was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian.
3And his master saw that Jehovah was with him, and that Jehovah made all that he did to prosper in his hand.
4And Joseph found favor in his sight, and he ministered unto him: and he made him overseer over his house, and all that he had he put into his hand.
5And it came to pass from the time that he made him overseer in his house, and over all that he had, that Jehovah blessed the Egyptian`s house for Joseph`s sake; and the blessing of Jehovah was upon all that he had, in the house and in the field.
6And he left all that he had in Joseph`s hand; and he knew not aught [that was] with him, save the bread which he did eat. And Joseph was comely, and well-favored.
7And it came to pass after these things, that his master`s wife cast her eyes upon Joseph; and she said, Lie with me.
8But he refused, and said unto his master`s wife, Behold, my master knoweth not what is with me in the house, and he hath put all that he hath into my hand:
9he is not greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back anything from me but thee, because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?
10And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by day, that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her, [or] to be with her.
11And it came to pass about this time, that he went into the house to do his work; and there was none of the men of the house there within.
12And she caught him by his garment, saying, Lie with me: and he left his garment in her hand, and fled, and got him out.
13And it came to pass, when she saw that he had left his garment in her hand, and was fled forth,
14that she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them, saying, See, he hath brought in a Hebrew unto us to mock us: he came in unto me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice:
15and it came to pass, when he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment by me, and fled, and got him out.
16And she laid up his garment by her, until his master came home.
17And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, The Hebrew servant, whom thou hast brought unto us, came in unto me to mock me:
18and it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment by me, and fled out.
19And it came to pass, when his master heard the words of his wife, which she spake unto him, saying, After this manner did thy servant to me; that his wrath was kindled.
20And Joseph`s master took him, and put him into the prison, the place where the king`s prisoners were bound: and he was there in the prison.
21But Jehovah was with Joseph, and showed kindness unto him, and gave him favor in the sight of the keeper of the prison.
22And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph`s hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it.
23The keeper of the prison looked not to anything that was under his hand, because Jehovah was with him; and that which he did, Jehovah made it prosper.
1Now Joseph had been brought down to Egypt. An Egyptian named Potiphar, an official of Pharaoh and the captain of the guard, purchased him from the Ishmaelites who had brought him there.
2The Lord was with Joseph. He was successful and lived in the household of his Egyptian master.
3His master observed that the Lord was with him and that the Lord made everything he was doing successful.
4So Joseph found favor in his sight and became his personal attendant. Potiphar appointed Joseph overseer of his household and put him in charge of everything he owned.
5From the time Potiphar appointed him over his household and over all that he owned, the Lord blessed the Egyptian’s household for Joseph’s sake. The blessing of the Lord was on everything that he had, both in his house and in his fields.
6So Potiphar left everything he had in Joseph’s care; he gave no thought to anything except the food he ate. Now Joseph was well built and good-looking.
7Soon after these things, his master’s wife took notice of Joseph and said, “Come to bed with me.”
8But he refused, saying to his master’s wife, “Look, my master does not give any thought to his household with me here, and everything that he owns he has put into my care.
9There is no one greater in this household than I am. He has withheld nothing from me except you because you are his wife. So how could I do such a great evil and sin against God?”
10Even though she continued to speak to Joseph day after day, he did not respond to her invitation to go to bed with her.
11One day he went into the house to do his work when none of the household servants were there in the house.
12She grabbed him by his outer garment, saying, “Come to bed with me!” But he left his outer garment in her hand and ran outside.
13When she saw that he had left his outer garment in her hand and had run outside,
14she called for her household servants and said to them, “See, my husband brought in a Hebrew man to us to humiliate us. He tried to go to bed with me, but I screamed loudly.
15When he heard me raise my voice and scream, he left his outer garment beside me and ran outside.”
16So she laid his outer garment beside her until his master came home.
17This is what she said to him: “That Hebrew slave you brought to us tried to humiliate me,
18but when I raised my voice and screamed, he left his outer garment and ran outside.”
19When his master heard his wife say, “This is the way your slave treated me,” he became furious.
20Joseph’s master took him and threw him into the prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were confined. So he was there in the prison.
21But the Lord was with Joseph and showed him kindness. He granted him favor in the sight of the prison warden.
22The warden put all the prisoners under Joseph’s care. He was in charge of whatever they were doing.
23The warden did not concern himself with anything that was in Joseph’s care because the Lord was with him and whatever he was doing the Lord was making successful.
1Joseph was brought down to Egypt. Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh’s, the captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him from the hand of the Ishmaelites that had brought him down there.
2Yahweh was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man. He was in the house of his master the Egyptian.
3His master saw that Yahweh was with him, and that Yahweh made all that he did prosper in his hand.
4Joseph found favor in his sight. He ministered to him, and he made him overseer over his house, and all that he had he put into his hand.
5From the time that he made him overseer in his house, and over all that he had, Yahweh blessed the Egyptian’s house for Joseph’s sake. Yahweh’s blessing was on all that he had, in the house and in the field.
6He left all that he had in Joseph’s hand. He didn’t concern himself with anything, except for the food which he ate. Joseph was well-built and handsome.
7After these things, his master’s wife set her eyes on Joseph; and she said, “Lie with me.”
8But he refused, and said to his master’s wife, “Behold, my master doesn’t know what is with me in the house, and he has put all that he has into my hand.
9No one is greater in this house than I am, and he has not kept back anything from me but you, because you are his wife. How then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?”
10As she spoke to Joseph day by day, he didn’t listen to her, to lie by her, or to be with her.
11About this time, he went into the house to do his work, and there were none of the men of the house inside.
12She caught him by his garment, saying, “Lie with me!” He left his garment in her hand, and ran outside.
13When she saw that he had left his garment in her hand, and had run outside,
14she called to the men of her house, and spoke to them, saying, “Behold, he has brought a Hebrew in to us to mock us. He came in to me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice.
15When he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, he left his garment by me, and ran outside.”
16She laid up his garment by her, until his master came home.
17She spoke to him according to these words, saying, “The Hebrew servant, whom you have brought to us, came in to me to mock me,
18and as I lifted up my voice and cried, he left his garment by me, and ran outside.”
19When his master heard the words of his wife, which she spoke to him, saying, “This is what your servant did to me,” his wrath was kindled.
20Joseph’s master took him, and put him into the prison, the place where the king’s prisoners were bound, and he was there in custody.
21But Yahweh was with Joseph, and showed kindness to him, and gave him favor in the sight of the keeper of the prison.
22The keeper of the prison committed to Joseph’s hand all the prisoners who were in the prison. Whatever they did there, he was responsible for it.
23The keeper of the prison didn’t look after anything that was under his hand, because Yahweh was with him; and that which he did, Yahweh made it prosper.
Summary
Joseph is sold to Potiphar, an Egyptian official, and the Lord causes him to prosper so that Potiphar puts him in charge of his entire household (vv. 1-6). Potiphar's wife repeatedly tries to seduce Joseph, but he refuses, insisting he will not sin against God (vv. 7-10). When Joseph flees her advances one day, she falsely accuses him of assault, using his abandoned garment as evidence (vv. 11-18). Potiphar has Joseph thrown into prison, yet the Lord remains with him there too, granting him favor with the jailer so that he is put in charge of the other prisoners (vv. 20-23).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Egypt — Joseph is now in the house of Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, likely in or near the capital city (possibly in the Nile Delta region, where later pharaohs had residences).
- The Egyptian prison — Joseph is placed in the royal prison where the king's prisoners are held, indicating proximity to the seat of government.
Places on this map
- EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
- NileEgyptEgypt's only real water source, flooding every summer and leaving the silt that made the valley farmable. Because the whole country depended on it, turning it to blood was an attack on Egypt's economy and its gods at once. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers Joseph's rise, the temptation, his refusal, the false accusation, and God's presence in prison.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- The Presence That Changes Everything (v.2) — Joseph's success in Potiphar's house is tied directly to the fact that the Lord is with him. Is God's presence something you actively rely on day to day, or more of a background belief you rarely think about?
- Sin Seen As Against God (v.9) — When pressured toward sin, Joseph's first thought is that it would be a wickedness against God, not just against Potiphar or himself. When you're tempted, is your resistance rooted in fear of consequences, or in a real awareness that it would grieve God?
- Running Instead of Negotiating (v.12) — Joseph doesn't linger to reason with temptation — he physically flees, even at the cost of his garment. Are there situations where you need to simply leave rather than trust yourself to stay and resist?
- Punished for Doing Right (v.20) — Joseph's integrity earns him a false accusation and prison instead of the reward he deserved. Are you willing to keep doing what's right even when it isn't rewarded fairly, or even when it costs you?
- Present Even in the Prison (v.21) — God's presence with Joseph doesn't stop when his circumstances get worse; it follows him from the household into the prison cell. Where in your own hardship do you need to trust that God hasn't left just because your situation has gotten harder?